Supraterritorial and Technology: An Impact Analysis

This essay investigates the concept of supraterritoriality and its profound influence on technological advancements within the context of globalization. It begins by defining supraterritoriality, exploring the erosion of traditional state boundaries due to economic activities and the integration of nations within the international system. The paper examines the evolution of the international system, drawing upon the perspectives of scholars like Barry Buzan, Richard Little, and Jan Aart Scholte. It discusses how globalization has transformed state barriers and facilitated the spread of technology across borders, leading to automation in various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and education. The essay highlights the impact of these changes on social structures and the way individuals contribute to society. The paper concludes that supraterritoriality has significantly reconfigured traditional territorial boundaries and reshaped the nature and use of technology in the contemporary world.

Running head: SUPRATERRITORIAL AND ITS IMPACT IN TECHNOLOGY
Supraterritorial and its impact in technology
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Meaning of Supraterritorial.............................................................................................................2
The idea of the international system................................................................................................3
Meaning of globalization.................................................................................................................5
How Supraterritorial has affected the change in technology...........................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
References:....................................................................................................................................10
Bibliography:.................................................................................................................................12

2SUPRATERRITORIAL AND ITS IMPACT IN TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
The advent of the aspects of globalization and liberalization led to the opening up of the
borders of the countries. Globalization refers to the flow of commodities and services from one
country to the other, leading to the economic and cultural integration of the people of the world.
This, in turn, led to the rise of migration (Havemann & Bösner, 2018). Migration refers to the
movement of people from one place to the other in search of a better standard of living. As a
result of migration, the people living in the under developed and developing countries of the
world sought to shift to the developed countries in order to earn a decent life style. However, in
the context of globalization, it can be seen that with the flow of people, the mental set up of the
people to use technology also started to increase (Martens et al, 2015). Technology aids in
making the lives of the people easier. With the flow in technology the borders of the state started
to disappear in a metaphorical sense and this led to the rise in the idea of supraterritorialism. The
purpose of this paper is to understand how supraterritorial has affected the change in technology.
To this extent, the views of Barry Buzzan, Richard Little and that of Scholte had been taken for
the effective understanding of the issues of international system in world history and that of the
rise of globalization. The paper concludes with the idea that the traditional territorial boundaries
of the states have been reconfigured as a result of the increase in the aspect of integration of the
countries within the international systems.
Meaning of Supraterritorial
Supraterritorial is associated with the field of globalization. It mainly refers to the
degeneration of the traditional state boundaries as a result of trade and economic activities
(Nshimbi, Moyo & Gumbo, 2018). Furthermore, there is also a plausible abdication of the

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authority and power of the states for the greater purpose of the international system. Within the
idea of Supraterritorial, the nation states of the world are no longer viewed as single individual
units of the globe. They are found to be integrated in to one whole unit and acting as constituent
parts in order to support the whole system (PaI, 2014). Thus, the idea of globalization is to
ensure the harmonious working of the state territories for the international system.
In this context, one of the unique features of supraterritorial needs to be noted.
Supraterritorial is found to be related with the idea of legal jurisdiction also. With the rise in the
issues of globalization and liberalism, there has been a significant erosion of the traditional state
boundaries (Moore de Peralta et al., 2019). Furthermore, this is found to be aligned to the
expansion in the form of institutional legal power and authority across such state borders. On
other words, the a nation of the world is considered to be supraterritorial when it wields the
power to prosecute its own native corporations or citizens even if they no longer reside within
their home countries. Within the idea of supraterritorial it needs to be noted that the different
legal jurisdictions of the states are found to be blurred as both the prosecuting state and the host
country have transformed such claims to the authority (Nshimbi & Moyo, 2016).
The idea of the international system
There is a lack of scholarly agreement on the chronology of the emergence of the idea of
the contemporary globalized international system as observed in the world of today. Most of the
theories regarding global political system have their basis in the European continent (PauLy,
2014). As a result of this, there is an opinion among the scholars that the idea about the
internait0nal systems which are present in the society as of today, are extremely biased by such
European experience.

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Hedley Bulla and Watson considered international system to be a group of independent
and autonomous political societies who together form a system (Buzan & Little, 2014). In other
words, the behavior of each nation state of such international systems is considered to be a
necessary factor for understanding the behavior and response of the other. Waltz also talked
about the issue of international system. He considered the states to be independent constituent
units. However, he did not define the kind of interaction which exists among such nation states
which leads to the formation of an international system (Gopinath, 2018).
Barry Buzzan is of the idea that since the inception of the human civilization, there has
been many formations of the international systems (Buzan & Little, 2014). Over the years, there
has been a dominating trend of such international systems to increase their size particularly, to
single global international system. According to the security complex theory of Barry Buzzan,
the previous international systems have all either been eliminated or reduced to negligible units
with the onset of the globalized international system as can be found in the contemporary times
(Buzan & Little, 2014).
Richard Little, on the other hand, sought to lay emphasis on the role of the changes that
occur within the interaction capacity of the political states of the world. Little and Buzzan, both
advocate the fact that the structural changes within the international systems are important to be
considered (Buzan & Little, 2014). However, there are certain variables which affects the
manifestations of such structures which leads to the variation in its potency. The primary aspect
in this scenario is that of interaction capacity. They both argue that the structural effects is
directly correlated to the intensity and frequency of interaction (Buzan & Little, 2014). For
instance, in times of high interaction such as during times of war, the structural effects needs to
be strong. Similarly, during times of low level conflict or infrequent conflicts, the interactions

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can be low. However, in present times, interaction can mainly be observed in the category of
trade and economic relations. Thus, an important concern which arises is that of the economic
trade relations can be considered to have significant political connections among the concerned
nation states to lead to the formation of an international system (Buzan & Little, 2014). The idea
of Barry Buzzan and Richard Little therefore, talks about the present international systems of the
world by drawing historical inspiration.
Meaning of globalization
On order to understand the changing nature of the international systems, it is important to
consider the nature of the idea of globalization. The aspect of globalization arise after the end of
the First World War when the countries of the world realized that they can no longer live in
isolation. The isolationist policies of the state made them selfish in terms of pursuing their own
national interest without taking in to consideration the impact they might have on the peaceful
nature of the globe However, it was only after the Second World War and the consequent
collapse of the Soviet Union that the idea of globalization took a concrete shape. It first occurred
in the field of economic and trade relations.
Globalization has been able to transform the traditional state barriers of the nation states.
According to Scholte (2000), in his book titled “Globalization: A Critical Introduction”,
globalization is considered to include a host of phenomena which are complex and contradictory
in nature and found to be linked together by a universal theoretical perspective. He opined that
the aspect of globalization should not be generalized and instead, should attempt to find a
meaning in the fields of politics, sociology and that of economics so as to assume a unique
characteristic of its own. Thus, the study of globalization takes on an interdisciplinary approach.
He defined globalization so that phenomena which is not limited by geography but rather

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includes a reconfiguration of the geographical landscape where the social place occupied by the
individuals are not mapped in terms of territorial places or distances (Scholte, 2014). Whenever
supraterritorial phenomenon are observed, it enables him to investigate upon the associated
problems, structures and processes and the various norms which underline the interdisciplinary
nature of the subject. He takes in to account the negative consequences of the neoliberal policies
in the field of economics where they are considered to be obstacles posed in the context of
environmental degradation, global governance and human rights (Scholte, 2014). Supraterritorial
is found to have significant impact on the issue of knowledge, the culture of the youth,
aesthetics, gender solidarities, tourism, oligopolies and that of rationalism.
How Supraterritorial has affected the change in technology
The understanding of the meaning of supraterritorial and globalization would help to
make a comprehensive analysis of how these ideas have brought about a change in the nature and
use of technology as can be observed in the contemporary world society. Technology developed
gradually during the period of Industrial Revolution (Gopinath, 2018). People used to execute
their activities with the aid of bare hands and tools that required manual labor. However, with the
onset of Industrial Revolution, the use of technology developed, such as that of printing press.
The main objective of printing press was to ensure that the words written in the books and
newsletter would no longer be written with bare hands. Instead, they would be printed onto the
paper with the aid of a press and ink. This drastically reduced the number of man hours required
to publish a particular newsletter or book thereby saving the amount of money required to be
paid to be laborers.
With the advent of globalization and the aspect of supraterritorial, it can be seen that
major changes were brought about in the use of technology. Technology which are developed in

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one part of the world, are found to spread to another corner of the globe (Nshimbi & Moyo,
2016). The major shifts in technology have resulted significantly in shifts within the social
structures itself. It outlines the way an individual is found to contribute to the society and earn a
decent standard of living.
In the present contemporary world, globalization has made it possible for the
corporations to automate their work. The blue collared jobs have been automated through the use
of Internet of Things and that of robotics (Nshimbi, Moyo & Gumbo, 2018). For instance, such
changes can be especially noticed in the field of construction. The uplifting of the raw materials
to the construction site has been automated whereby bots are used to do such work. This has led
to the consequent decrease in the number of man power and the manual labor required.
Furthermore, the white collared jobs have also been automated with the use of artificial
intelligence. This can be noticed largely in the field of intelligence agencies of the government
whereby the computers and other forms of artificial intelligence are used to gather data on the
potential threats to the society (Martens et al., 2015). Nowadays, such artificial intelligence are
found to trans bound official state boundaries and keep data on the international individuals and
groups who have been designated as terrorists. Exchange of information is found to take place
amongst such intelligence agencies such as that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the
United States of America and Mossad of Israel. They aim to maintain the peace and security of
the nation.
Another empirical example of change in technology as a result of supraterritoriality can
be noted in the fields of health care and education. Education has occupied a large space in the
lives of the individuals where the method dissemination of knowledge in undergoing drastic
changes. The focus of the present society is to make the individuals capable of handling the

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changing nature of the jobs where there is significant use of technology and digital transaction.
Such individuals are sought to be made effective employees of the society who can make
important contributions by the aid of the knowledge received by them in the formal educational
institutions. For instance, one of the major changes which can be noticed is in the field of
banking. The field of online transaction has occupied a significant position in the sphere of trade
and commerce (Martens et al., 2015). The advent of technology has allowed the banking
institutions t settle the financial claims of the individuals within a short time span. This is also
applicable for those individuals who do not belong to the country where such settlements occur.
As a result, globalization has made it possible for the financial transactions to take place at the
international level.
Health care and technology is fast emerging to be a profitable field for the various private
organizations of the world (Havemann & Bösner, 2018). Heath care is a necessity of the society
since people are invariably bound to fall ill. Technology aids in this sector by the way of
providing the individuals with important surgical devices which helps them in the process of
surgery. This minimizes the extent of human error made in the process of surgery, thereby
leading to improvement in the quality of life provided to the people (Havemann & Bösner,
2018).
In this context, it needs to be noted that the aspects of supraterritorial and globalization
has significantly changed the landscape of the contemporary world society. Technology has
found a place for itself within this new atmosphere. It does not adhere to the traditional state
boundaries of the world and instead, seeks to flow itself, surpassing the state borders (Buzan &
Little, 2014). The main objective of technology has now become to provide relief to the human
society by easing their way of working and providing them with the opportunities to undertake

9SUPRATERRITORIAL AND ITS IMPACT IN TECHNOLOGY
leisure work without being stressed unnecessarily. In this regard, Scholte had emphasized on the
new meaning of globalziaiton which takes in to consideration its interdisciplinary approach. The
economic, social and cultural aspect of globalization has given it a form which allows it to be
supraterritorial by transcending state borders.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be stated that the scholarly arguments which advocates in favor of
supraterritorial and globalization are found to be complementary to each other. Barry Buzzan,
Richard Little and Scholte looks into the working of the international system in the context of
present day globalized and liberal world order. They are of the belief that the territorial borders
are no longer defined in their traditional sense. Instead, people now have the freedom to travel to
any part of the world. This aspect of migration can also be seen in the context of technology.
Technology has rapidly spread to the other parts of the world in different fields such as that of
services, businesses, education and health care. It aims to automate the process of working so as
to reduce or minimize the margin of human error and to make the process of execution more
effective in nature. Furthermore, it also reduces the extent of man power required and this aids in
the increase of profit margin of the employers of the organizations. In this context, it can be seen
that the aspect of supraterritorial and globalization has changed the nature of technology to a
significant extent.

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References:
Buzan, B., & Little, R. (2014). The historical expansion of international society. Guide to the
English school in international studies, 59-74.
Gopinath, C. (2018). Globalization: A Multi-dimensional System. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Havemann, M., & Bösner, S. (2018). Global Health as “umbrella term”–a qualitative study
among Global Health teachers in German medical education. Globalization and
health, 14(1), 32.
Martens, P., Caselli, M., De Lombaerde, P., Figge, L., & Scholte, J. A. (2015). New directions in
globalization indices. Globalizations, 12(2), 217-228.
Moore de Peralta, A., Schultz, E., Brown, K., & Falconer, N. S. (2019). Territorial and Trans-
Territorial Community-Institutional Partnerships to Build Healthier Communities in
Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from a Dominican Republic Low-Resource
Community. Advances in Preventive Medicine and Health Care.
Nshimbi, C. C., & Moyo, I. (2016). Visible and invisible bordering practices. World Journal of
Science, Technology and Sustainable Development.
Nshimbi, C. C., Moyo, I., & Gumbo, T. (2018). Between Neoliberal Orthodoxy and
Securitisation: Prospects and Challenges for a Borderless Southern African Community.
In Crisis, Identity and Migration in Post-Colonial Southern Africa (pp. 167-186).
Springer, Cham.
PaI, P. (2014). The New Face of Terrorism In A Globalized Context. Essays on International
Terrorism, 11128.

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PauLy, L. W. (2014). The Democratic State in a Global Economy. Civilizing Globalization,
Revised and Expanded Edition: A Survival Guide, 173.
Scholte, J. A. (2014). Jan Aart Scholte. Globalizations, 11(4), 503-513.