Surgical Site Infection: Microbiology, Epidemiology, and Management

This report provides a comprehensive overview of surgical site infections (SSIs), beginning with an introduction to their prevalence and significance. It delves into the microbiology of SSIs, differentiating between bacterial and fungal causes, and explores the epidemiology of these infections, including infection rates and associated risk factors. The rationale for studying and preventing SSIs is emphasized, highlighting the potential for severe complications and the importance of effective control measures. The report covers the latest research and prevention strategies. References to relevant studies are included to support the information presented. This report is valuable for healthcare students and professionals seeking to understand and mitigate the risks associated with surgical site infections.

SURGICAL SITE
INFECTION

Introduction
 Surgical site infection is one of the most
common type of infection that mostly
occurs after surgery in a part of body take
place.
 This surgical infection can be superficial
i.e., infection involving skin only but many
times this infection can be more serious
that involve tissues under skin, organs, or
implanted material.

Microbiology
 If microbiology of surgical site
infection is observed then it can be
said that, it is divided into two
types: bacteria and fungus.
 Bacteria are commensal bacteria and
pathogenic bacteria. Whereas,
fungus is only one which is- candida
albicain.

Epidemiology
 As per a survey about 3 percent of patients admitted in hospitals who have undergone
surgery suffer from this infection.
 Out of these 3 percent infections recorded in England about 1.4 percent of surgical site
infection have been identified in UK.
 Approximately 10 percent of large operative cases are preventive and can be prevented
from occurrence of surgical site infection.
 Surgical site infection is one of the most common type of healthcare associated infection.
 These infections mostly associated with longer-post operative hospital stay, additional or
back- to- back surgical procedures, non-effective treatment given in intensive care unit
etc.

Rationale
 If proper prevention ad control measures are not taken then it can result in organ failure
as well or can create some serious risk to the body.
 It is one of the main reasons because of which this issue has been chosen.
 And due to this it has becomes important to explore this topic and understand
prevention management and control strategies with the help of which this surgical site
infection can be controlled or prevented

References
 O'Hara, L.M., Thom, K.A. and Preas, M.A., 2018. Update to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Guideline
for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (2017): a summary, review, and strategies for
implementation. American journal of infection control, 46(6), pp.602-609.
 Saeed, K.B., and et. al., 2017. Incidence of surgical site infection following caesarean section: a
systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ open, 7(1).
 Steiner, H.L. and Strand, E.A., 2017. Surgical-site infection in gynecologic surgery:
pathophysiology and prevention. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 217(2),
pp.121-128.
 Tartari, E., and et. al., 2017. Patient engagement with surgical site infection prevention: an
expert panel perspective. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 6(1), pp.1-9.