Case Studies: Sustainability and Environmental Challenges

This assignment presents three case studies focusing on critical environmental sustainability challenges. The first case study examines climate change in the Magway region of Myanmar, exploring its causes, impacts, and potential solutions, including government strategies and infrastructure improvements. The second case study investigates soil pollution in Youxian, China, analyzing the causes, such as industrialization and agricultural practices, and proposing solutions like policy changes and environmental prioritization. The final case study addresses air pollution in Jaipur and Delhi, India, detailing the sources, effects, and potential mitigation strategies, including infrastructure upgrades and transport improvements. Each case study provides an overview of the issue, its causes, impacts, proposed solutions, implementation strategies, and the obstacles that hinder the implementation of the solutions.

Running head: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Sustainability and the Environment
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

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Table of Contents
Issue 1- Climate change in Magway region in Myanmar..........................................................3
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
The solution to the issues...........................................................................................................4
Implementation of the Solutions................................................................................................5
Obstacles to the Implementations of the Solutions....................................................................5
Sustainability Indicators.............................................................................................................6
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6
Issue 2- Soil Pollution in Youxian, China..................................................................................7
Introduction................................................................................................................................7
The solution to the Issues...........................................................................................................8
Implementation of the Solutions................................................................................................9
Obstacles to the Implementation of the Solution.......................................................................9
Sustainability Indicators...........................................................................................................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
Issue 3- Air Pollution in Jaipur and Delhi, India.....................................................................11
Introduction..............................................................................................................................11
The solution to the Issues.........................................................................................................12
Implementation of the Solutions..............................................................................................13
Barriers to the Implementations of the Solutions.....................................................................13

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Sustainability Indicators...........................................................................................................14
Conclusion................................................................................................................................14
References................................................................................................................................16

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Issue 1- Climate change in Magway region in Myanmar
Introduction
The issue recognized as climate change in Magway region in Myanmar have been
recorded to be the reason that some of the concerned areas of Myanmar have been
experiencing severe cold temperature and in lieu of this, some regions are recorded to go
through severe heated temperatures (Kyaw 2018). This sudden and frequent shifts in the
temperature level in the climate are recognized to be a result of the last several decades
because of the exploitation as well as degradation in the environmental factors. These issues
and the impacts caused by the same are mainly recognized to be human-induced in nature.
The same is specified below.
 The hazardous human activities such as the emissions of harmful gases from the
business manufacturing units as well as the automobiles have destroyed the quality of
air and increased the content of harmful gases in the atmosphere (Manahan 2017).
This causes an increase in the heat in certain areas of Myanmar and causes unusual
environmental occurrence. The increased heat is known to attract the high-speed
wind, and thus, the chances of cyclone increases. The impact caused out of the same
is the increase in the mortality ratio and also property losses both for the environment
and the individuals.
 The effects caused by the greenhouse gases are known to cause adverse health issues
to the society and also deteriorate the natural resources (Goudie 2018). This, in turn,
has gradually increased the climatic changes in the earthly environment. This is
known to cause an impact on the entire population and rise of conflict between them
as well.

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 The region of Myanmar is known to have a population that is heterogeneous in nature
and therefore are recorded to have several numbers of issues that exists between them
(Montz, Tobin and Hagelman, 2017). The changes related to the climatic conditions
have turned the issues to be more vulnerable in nature as well as prone to the effects
of the disaster. The residents' fight for sustaining their lives because they get deprived
of the availability of shelter as well as food.
The solution to the issues
The above-mentioned issue regarding the adverse climatic changes in the region of
Myanmar has been recorded to have the most harmful impact on the environment, the entire
population, as well as the topographic conditions. In light of this, the report tends to state that
these issues are in the major need of being reduced and mitigated at the earliest time possible.
Thus, the solutions suggested for the same are specified under.
 Analyzing the root cause of the issues by the concerned government department and
recording the areas which are most vulnerable towards the impact of the issues to
keep the prior focus on the same (Rose-Ackerman and Palifka 2016).
 Setting up plans collaborating with the development organizations of the world
environmental agencies in order to get a sustainable plan developed for the protection
of the environmental factors.
 The government agencies should focus on the environmental issues with priority and
create awareness amongst the population regarding the need for protecting the natural
environment. The severe depression caused in the factors of environment needs to be
addressed at an alarming rate with the change in the policies as well as the attitude of
the government (De Groot 2019).

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 Upgrading the infrastructure of the Myanmar region that would help in the
contribution of reducing the impact of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the same
would take a lot of efforts and resources to implement the stated solution.
 Effective transport facilities are considered to be another leading source that would
help in the effective reduction of the harmful gas emissions of the greenhouse.
Implementation of the Solutions
As opined by Maronna et al. (2019), the proposed set of solutions will only turn
effective if they are implemented in the desired manner. Thus, the implementation of the
above-proposed solution can be significantly carried by the help of below-stated ideas.
 Bringing stability in the planned processes, techniques, as well as roles in the synergy
of project governance, termed to undermine the climatic changes (Hillson 2017).
 Using the synergy of methodological flexibility in the synergy of calculating the
climatic risks as well as the setting up of the plans to mitigate the risk.
 Aligning the structure of the government connected to the project along with the
structured nature of the project.
 The funding of the financial resources needed for attaining the essential amount of
sources and materials to be used for the working of the set plans and processes
(Finkler, Smith and Calabrese 2018).
Obstacles to the Implementations of the Solutions
The obstacles to the implementation of any planned set of processes and strategies are
termed to be those factors which do not allow the effective achievement of the planned
strategies (Ansoff et al. 2018). In this connection, the obstacles concerned with the
implementation of the solutions related to the mitigation of the climatic changes are specified
below.

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 The level of corruption in the policies.
 The lack in the continuity of the governmental policies.
 The insufficient resources related to human as well as material.
 The lack in the time as well as the commitment level of the human resources (Pecl et
al. 2017).
 Lack of co-ordination as well as co-operation amongst the agencies into working
plans.
Sustainability Indicators
 The level of carbon dioxide in the environment- The increased level of carbon dioxide
increases the level of heat and humidity in the natural environment (Kellogg 2019).
Thus, the sustainability of the climatic changes will be termed to be effective when
the level of carbon dioxide in the natural environment is at the least.
 The global temperature- The level of changes occurring in the global temperature is
another vital sign for measuring the sustainability concerned to climate change. The
less frequent the changes in the temperature, the better the sustainability (Savo et al.
2016).
Conclusion
Hence, to bring to a vital conclusion, it can be stated that the regions of Myanmar
have been suffering from a drastic level of depletion in the environmental factors. The
population residing in the several areas of Myanmar are getting deprived of the basic needs
related to the food and shelter because of the adverse effects caused to its natural
environment. In this connection, the report found that the government should take proper and
effective initiatives in the effort to mitigate the adversity of the harm caused to the
environmental factors at Myanmar. The government bodies also need to concentrate on the

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barriers that come up in the way of implementing the solutions to mitigate the risk so that
they can receive an effective and efficient result out of their planned strategies and processes.

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Issue 2- Soil Pollution in Youxian, China
Introduction
As opined by Weaver et al. (2017), the issues termed as soil pollution is considered to
be more of a phenomenon that is known to exist in the synergy of the countries which are
developing till date as well as the countries which are already known to be developed. The
same is recorded to poses danger to the diversified number of human activities as well as the
health of the society. The synergies connected to food safety, agriculture aspects, as well as
environmental degradation are known to determine the level of soil pollution. Studies show
that the general society owns very less amount of knowledge about the soil and protecting its
existence. Moreover, the people do not even have knowledge about soil pollution and the
threat that the aspect of soil pollution causes. Take, for instance, the developed countries such
as China, the condition of soil pollution is determined to be at a severe level. The statistical
data shows that more than around sixteen percent of the soil existing in China is polluted at
the present date (Toth et al. 2016). In this connection, the given report is focused on
investigating the several issues connected to the issue of soil pollution in the region of
Youxian, China.
 China, is determined as the most populated country all across the globe, requires a
profound amount of food and shelter supply for the society (Smil 2019). This, in turn,
leads to huge depletion of the land and soil in the concerned country because of the
severe use of the agricultural lands in the concern of producing and cultivating crops
and other food materials. Moreover, the depletion in the land does not even allow the
farmers to grow crops in an effective and ethical manner. They are known to use
harmful chemicals and pesticides, which creates more issues in the quality of the soil.

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 The tremendous level of growth in the industrial areas in the nation of China has been
determined to be another major reason in the past few years that added to the issue of
soil pollution (Carley and Christie 2017). These increasing industrial areas are
detected to be the issue induced by human beings in the concern of fulfilling their
own selfish wishes. These activities are known to affect the quality of soil both in a
direct and indirect way. Due to the factor of heavy industrialization the soil in the land
of Youxian, China has been recorded to get mixed with heavy metals such as the lead,
zinc, copper as well as chromium to a profound extent. These heavy and harmful form
of metals have been known to make the quality of soil unsuitable for the purpose of
agricultural production. Not only has this, but the presence of these harmful heavy
metals also been recorded to be imperfect for the habitation of human beings.
 The nation of Youxian, China, is known to avail the aspect of wastewater irrigation in
the synergy of distribution concerned to the water supply (Starr et al. 2019). This
leads to profound metal content in the usage of water while carrying up the irrigation
process and thus decreasing the quality of the soil.
The solution to the Issues
As stated by Nearing et al. (2017), the threat caused to soil degradation in terms of the
nation of China is recorded to be a decade-old problem. The plans being set by the Chinese
Government in the concern of treating the lands and soil being affected by the pollution is
recognized to be insignificant, and not being able to mitigate the level of the risks caused to
the lands and the soil. In this connection, the given report tends to suggest a few strategical
solutions that would help the governmental bodies of China to mitigate the concerned risk of
soil pollution.

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 The government should create plans and policies that would importantly remain
focused on the synergy of mitigating the issue of soil pollution (Angelidou et al.
2018). The basic concern of the government is known to remain towards the
betterment of the financial as well as the GDP condition of the nation. However, their
priority should be shifted to the betterment of the environmental aspect of the nation,
especially concerned with its soil pollution. Strict laws and regulations should be
imposed in the concern of preventing the pollution caused to the soil.
 Effectively collaborating with the global agencies will help the government of China
to seek prior help and significant level of assistance from the different organizations
based in the international basis and thus work for the betterment of the soil pollution
(Kaplinsky 2018). Take, for instance, the national agencies such as the UN is
recognized to provide the governmental bodies with different kinds of planning and
procedures as well as financial help to fight against the adverse effects caused to the
natural environment.
Implementation of the Solutions
 Creating awareness amongst the society about the importance of soil and sustaining
the quality and quantity of the same (Gomiero 2016).
 Researching the best available international agency the nation can collaborate with.
 Funding the required financial resources needed to implement the desired set of plans
and objectives.
 Treating and dumping the wastages emitted out of the industries as well as household
in an effective manner (Stroebel, Marivate and Lochner 2018).
 Providing better knowledge and experience to the farmers.

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Obstacles to the Implementation of the Solution
 The issue in funding the needed financial funds.
 The barrier to the educational background of the farmers (Masud et al. 2017).
 The improper synergy of crop rotation.
 The destruction of the natural forests.
 The high level of pH in the soil.
Sustainability Indicators
 The level of biological diversity- The level of biological diversity is known to be at a
sustainable position only when the level of soil pollution is less in the land.
 The level of food production- The sustainability of soil is considered to be better only
when the same is able to produce high quality as well as quantity of food crops.
 The average surface temperature of the globe- The lesser the concentration of CO2
gas in the environment, the sustainable the synergy of soil (Rahman et al. 2017).
Conclusion
Given the findings based on the issue related to soil pollution in the region of
Youxian, China, it can be seen that the condition of soil pollution has worsened in the
concerned area. The root cause behind the same was found that society is not much aware of
the soil pollution and the impact the factor of soil pollution causes to the environment. In
addition to this, it was examined that the food quality in the region of Youxian, China had
degraded because of the quality of the soil. Moreover, the farmers are recorded to use
harmful chemicals and pesticides in the process of irrigation. This, in turn, has degraded the
soil quality to a much lower extent. This increased level of soil degradation has also caused
an increase in the amount of wastages in the soil because of the improper dumping zones.