Sustainable Climatic Change and Adaptation Plan for Melbourne City

This report provides a detailed analysis of climate change and its impact on Melbourne, Australia. It begins with an executive summary highlighting the challenges posed by climatic changes, including the effects of greenhouse gases and water/food supply constraints. The report explores the geographical and climatic influences on Melbourne, positioning climate change as a critical determinant of sustainable life. It delves into risk management issues, such as reduced rainfall and rising temperatures, and proposes adaptation plans encompassing infrastructure and agriculture. The report assesses potential climate change scenarios, including high and low emission scenarios, and emphasizes the need for adaptive policies, including the National Adaptation Plan (NAP). The report also touches upon the impact of climate change on food supply and refugee movements. The conclusion stresses the importance of planning and adaptation policies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and ensure a sustainable future for Melbourne. References support the findings, highlighting key research in the field.

Running head: SUSTAINABLE CLIMATIC CHANGE AND ADAPTATION PLAN
SUSTAINABLE CLIMATIC CHANGE AND ADAPTATION PLAN
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive Summary
The report has surfaced on the climatic change in Melbourne. Due to the change, there are
certain challenges and obstacles that have evolved in this report to analyze and understand the
actual state of the situation. The effect of greenhouse gases or the level of water and food
supply can have constrained move if legitimate actions are not taken immediately. Thus, the
report also measures some adoption process that encourages the positive situation and makes
the plan to sustain in this situation. The report also shed light on the climatic change after
2020 or 2030 that analysis or delivers the imposed perception of the climatic conditions in
Melbourne.

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Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................3
Climatic and geographical influence..............................................................................3
Climatic change positioning...........................................................................................4
Risk management issue owed to climatic change..........................................................5
Adaptation plan..............................................................................................................6
Conclusion......................................................................................................................7
References:.....................................................................................................................8

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Introduction
Climatic change is the critical determinant that ensures the sustainable condition of
life. From 1850, the mean global temperature has increased in a systematical manner by the
effect of burning fossil fuel and greenhouse gasses. The change in mankind, agriculture, food,
behavior, location, cost, preservation, conservation, speed and the relativity of technology all
these are critical aspects which are connected with the adaptive change in climatic conditions.
The report shed light on the climatic condition of Melbourne, a city of Australia. The zero-
emission strategy of their municipality commission has impacted over the global change in
the environment in Australia. Climate change is a risk for the sustainable climatic condition
thus their focus and commitment has imposed over the progressive nature of adaptation
procedure. The industrious revolution, food accessibility, food system all these are changed
by the time and that expected change is come because of that weather condition. In this
report, the discussion over a change in the climatic conditions in Australia and the position
over the risk orientation with it show in an illustrious view so that adaptive measures are
being taken.
Climatic and geographical influence
Different weather systems are persisted in Australia that affects the natural
environment and significant climate features in changed atmospheric conditions. Melbourne
is situated at the southern part of city center. The greenery and the forest accumulation mad
ethe city fresher and have no issue regarding the climatic change. The phase of El Nino
provides extensive warming due to the effect of coastal Pacific Ocean, the average rainfall is
being set as the cooling and water supply is being related by the process. Vision over the
climatic change in Melbourne has adapted by several goals and principles. The Indian Ocean
also provides a certain effect in Australian climatic change (Vardoulakis et al. 2014). Sea
surface temperature has been noted as high by the influence of Indian Ocean. The technical

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report has given from CSIRO has illustrated the estimation of seasons, rainfalls, temperatures
and humidity. In Melbourne, four climatic changes are found that must get a significant
impact on the potential climatic conditions. The condition of decline rainfall and drought
situation can make a huge impact on the climatic situation of Melbourne. The declaration of
annual rainfall in rainy days considered a huge fall as in 2030 the percentage of declaration
will 6% and in 2070 the declining percentage will be 10- 19%. The rise of annual
temperature will have a sudden increase of 0.3 to 1.0-degree celsius and 0.6 to 2.5-degree
celsius by 2050. The rainfall intensity has got an increase of 0.9% by 2030 and 3.0 to 5.9%
by 2070. Thus, combustion of green house gases, burning influence of fossil fuel and
industrial revolution has made a greater impact over the atmosphere (Wroe et al. 2013).
Rainfall circulation is the peak in the tropical zone and decrease of rainfall in eastern and
southern Australia. Sea level has risen almost 1.4 mm per year and extreme fire weather days
have increased in 2010 and onwards. The depth of snow is decreasing by the time and
intensity of the temperature and records are being set from 2013 onwards.
Climatic change positioning
The change in a climatic system is noticed and as the 90% of extra energy is being
produced by the accumulated climatic change thus long-term surface temperature is sustained
which is exactly not required for the country. The major challenge in Melbourne climatic
adaptation is risk management and the effective strategies to mitigate this. There are some
critical areas where water supply is the concern risk factor because of reduced rainfall. There
is some extreme temperature rise of Melbourne that affected the average high temperature of
7-degree centigrade (VanDerWal et al. 2013). There are some key changes that make a
considerable change in the climatic condition in Australia.
 The expected growth in emissions that impacted over the agriculture, ecosystem and
biodiversity in Australia.

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 There are certain obligations where global climate change adaptation is the key
aspect to indulge in.
 The adverse impact of climatic changes in Pacific and Asia has impacted over the
climatic condition over Australia.
 The effective global mitigation policies and expected IPCC projection have based on
the examined point of view of impactful results regarding the climatic changes.
In the World Food Summit in 1996, the declaration of the food supply is asserted as
the nutritious and healthy food intake is the dietary need and preference of the people. People
should intake the healthy and safe food. If food system has been changed by the influence of
climatic change than the insecurities over the food metabolism and the potential impact of the
food insecure countries have evolved in a greater way. Food supply has been depending on
the three segmentation of food analysis. These are the availability of food, trend, and level of
food and variability of access and supplies of food (Urban 2015). Health, hygiene, and
consumption all these are related to the food supply and nutritional process of the system.
Refugees’ policies and imposed penalties are implemented to save the refugees from the
external disturbance. However, the climatic change forces the refugees to move their place
and roam for the better and suitable places. The impact of high temperature and the extreme
prediction of annual temperature growth in Melbourne have projected in the scenario. There
are some immigration activities that curtailed the population percentage and retained the
facility for the children and women. Community placement, work right problem, case support
accession, security assessment these all are the denied proximal vividness that impacted over
the refugee movements (Taylor et al. 2013). ABF Act implemented effect from 1st July 2015
to precede the immigration process in an ethical way [Refer to Appendix 3].
Risk management issue owed to climatic change

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Climate change in 2020 or 2050 is assumed as the most drastic change in
environment. The way global warming is engrossing and the consistent contributions of
greenhouse effect are carried over the mitigation of these things are quite challenging for the
world. Melbourne has considered that mitigate the warming of 5% within 2020. This is a
challenging task as the trajectory range of warming is increasing at an average by 40 to 60 %
in the global aspect. Hence, risk behind the cost disruption and assumed climatic change can
make the better impact over the next generation. There are certain climate models like
temporal resolution and spatial resolution which offers calculative calmative variables and
horizontal grid of determining longitude and latitude specification on a change in climate.
The equitation mathematical representation analysis with grid variation and progression of
climate model has emphasized on the parallel changes in restoration and temporal
understanding on the improved scenario of climatic changes (Change et al. 2014). Other
forms of risk management included the two scenarios in global change. The first one is high
emission scenario and the other is very low emission scenario. The affected scenarios in this
aspect are land surface, Biosphere, atmosphere, and ocean where the evaporation from land
and evaporation from Ocean has happened in a drastic way. In such cases, heavier rain
periods have seen thereafter. Flooding increases bushfires and sea level rise is the accused
scenario for these situations (Howes et al. 2015).
Adaptation plan
Adaptation plans need to be taken for controlling the measure and define the probable
climatic extension so that life can sustain in this earth. In Australia, annual rainfall, wind
projection, temperature issues all these can be controlled by the two adaptive strategies
management. The infrastructure of the country may have been designed in a better way so
that climatic effects may mitigate in a bit (Adger et al. 2013). The next adaptation strategies
are agriculture, this is one of the most important and effective strategies that must be

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implemented in a right manner so that in this global warming arena normal atmosphere
sustain in the desired way. Current climate condition and appraising the adoption plans are
important for the sections development as well as multilateral environmental facts (Leonard
et al. 2013). Capacity gap and assessing the development need in climate versatilities are
important to make strategies so that risk can be mitigated. National Adaptation Plan (NAP) is
essential understanding to make stocktaking on the climate change, as the addressing climatic
changes are sensitive enough to deal with the technical capacity and co-benefit adaptation.
Implementation strategies like promoting coordination and regional level of synergy have to
be planned in an ethical way so that enhancement of appropriate strategy must implement to
sustain good environment culture of the environment. In case of initiating or launching a
process of NAP, legitimate climatically change and developed measure can serve the public
awareness as well (Wheeler, Zuo and Bjornlund 2013). Therefore, adaptive policies are must
be taken for strengthening the cooperative activities and for the evaluation performances to
support the conventional process of mitigating the effect of climatic changes.
Conclusion
Therefore, the report can be concluded that changing climate is an important issue that
creates a great impact on all the aspects of Melbourne. The reason may be global warming of
the greenhouse gas inflation in the world but the sufferer is always the lively once. The depth
of snow decline as well as the rain in some parts, some parts of Australia is flooded through.
So the contrasting scenario is presented for that reason. Sea level rise or the frequent hotter
climatic change has made a hint of imbalance situation in the atmosphere. Thus in future, the
whole world and Melbourne too can surface a big trouble to mitigate that. Hence, to avoid
such consequences, proper planning and adaptation policies are taken for the developed and
systematic change in climate.

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References:
Adger, W.N., Barnett, J., Brown, K., Marshall, N. and O'Brien, K., 2013. Cultural dimensions
of climate change impacts and adaptation. Nature Climate Change, 3(2), p.112.
Change, I.P.O.C., 2014. IPCC. Climate change.
Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K. and Burton,
P., 2015. Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and
collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in
Australia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(5), pp.757-776.
Leonard, S., Parsons, M., Olawsky, K. and Kofod, F., 2013. The role of culture and
traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation: Insights from East Kimberley,
Australia. Global Environmental Change, 23(3), pp.623-632.
Taylor, R.G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L.,
Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J.S., Edmunds, M. and Konikow, L., 2013. Ground water and
climate change. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), p.322.
Urban, M.C., 2015. Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science, 348(6234),
pp.571-573.
VanDerWal, J., Murphy, H.T., Kutt, A.S., Perkins, G.C., Bateman, B.L., Perry, J.J. and
Reside, A.E., 2013. Focus on poleward shifts in species' distribution underestimates the
fingerprint of climate change. Nature Climate Change, 3(3), p.239.
Vardoulakis, S., Dear, K., Hajat, S., Heaviside, C., Eggen, B. and McMichael, A.J., 2014.
Comparative assessment of the effects of climate change on heat-and cold-related mortality in
the United Kingdom and Australia. Environmental health perspectives, 122(12), p.1285.
Wheeler, S., Zuo, A. and Bjornlund, H., 2013. Farmers’ climate change beliefs and
adaptation strategies for a water scarce future in Australia. Global Environmental
Change, 23(2), pp.537-547.

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Wroe, S., Field, J.H., Archer, M., Grayson, D.K., Price, G.J., Louys, J., Faith, J.T., Webb,
G.E., Davidson, I. and Mooney, S.D., 2013. Climate change frames debate over the
extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea). Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 110(22), pp.8777-8781.