Developing Sustainable Internet Solutions for North Ronaldsay Island

This report focuses on the internet connectivity challenges faced by the residents of North Ronaldsay Island, part of the Orkney Islands in Scotland. It begins with an introduction to the island and its geographical context, highlighting its reliance on agriculture and fishing, and the growing importance of tourism. The report then delves into the background of the island, emphasizing the limited internet access and its impact on the community. The project objective is to explore and recommend solutions for high-speed, reliable internet. The report examines various relevant technologies, including LLU services, cable internet access, FTTP, and SDSL, assessing their suitability for the island. It identifies challenges such as less reliability, lower connection speeds, and dependency on dial-up links. The report concludes with recommendations for implementing these technologies to foster economic growth and improve the quality of life for the residents of North Ronaldsay, underscoring the need for sustainable and effective internet solutions.

North Ronaldsay island

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Background......................................................................................................................................3
Project Objective.............................................................................................................................5
Relevant Technology.......................................................................................................................5
Challenges........................................................................................................................................7
Role of Technology in Solving Problems........................................................................................9
Project Budget...............................................................................................................................11
Conclusion and Recommendation.................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................14
1

Introduction
Orkney is considered as a most popular island which is situated in the Northern Isles of Scotland,
United Kingdom. Orkney has situated approximately 10 miles north of the coast of Caithness,
and it contains more than 70 islands, of which 20 islands are inhabited. In this report, we will
discuss the North Ronaldsay which is the main part of Orkney Island and also study the problems
faced by the North Ronaldsay. On the basis of these problems, we suggest some solutions which
can help the people of Ronaldsay to solve their problems. The largest island of Orkney is known
as Mainland. It has an area of approximately 520 square kilometers which making the island the
sixth largest island of Scotland. Orkney is considered the one of the 30 Council areas of
Scotland, a lieutenancy area, a constituency of the Scottish Parliament and a former country. The
local council of Orkney is known as Orkney Islands Council which is considered one of the main
council in top three councils of Scotland. The elected members of this council are independent,
and they can easily make their own decision. As the Mainland Island, the other islands of the
Orkney Islands are in two group the South and North isles. All these islands have a common
geographical base of Old Red Sandstone (Barnes, 2015) . The climate of Orkney Island is mild,
and its soils are considered most fertile. Most part of the Orkney land being farmed. Orkney
peoples considered agriculture as the main part of their economy. Due to this the people get their
income and survive there. The local people of the Orkney Islands is known as Orcadians who
have different Orcadian Dialect of Scots. The wind and marine energy play an important role
which helps the Orkney people to generate more electricity which fulfills their demands
significantly. The population of the Orkney Islands is nearly 20000 to 30000. Among these
population, more than 15000 people leave at Mainland. The largest population centers of
Stromness and Kirkwall are both situated on Mainland. The main source of income for the
2

Orkney people is crofting and fishing. They earn a large part of their income from these sources.
Recently, the development of North Sea Oil provides a good source of income and employment
to the islands. Orkney also has a growing tourist industry which is completely based on distinct
wildlife of islands and archaeological sites. Recently, internet connections are provided to the
main population centers. But the main problem for this island is that these internet connections
are variable and show less speed (Krafft, 2014). This will influence the whole living style of
individuals and work with the tourism industry.
Background
North Ronaldsay is considered the most popular islands of Orkney. It has the area of 680
hectares which makes it the fifteenth largest island which is mentioned in Orkneyinga Saga. In
the current scenario, it is known for its historic lighthouse, unusual breed of sheep and migratory
bird life. It is situated around 2.5 miles north of its closest neighbor, Sanday. North Ronaldsay is
probably 5 kilometers long, and it is defined by two large sandy bays known as South Bay at the
south and Linklet Bay on the eastern shoreline. The climate of the island is not fixed it is
dynamic in nature and frequently inclement. The surrounding waters are treacherous and stormy.
Hollandstoun is considered one of the south island which is the high sizable settlement and
situated in equidistant from the pier and the airfield. The island is also considered as a home to a
bird observatory. There is a lack of internet connection due to which people of North Ronaldsay
suffer from many problems. The only technology utilize by the citizens of North Ronaldsay is
ADSL and the other technology like SDSL, and Wireless connection internet are not available.
They use only ADSL broadband because it is considered the most popular internet connection of
UK. Due to the availability of single connection people of North Ronaldsay suffers more with
the speed of broadband, this will lead dissatisfaction among them. Less internet network makes it
3

the less developed part of UK (Williams, 2013). If North Ronaldsay wants to enhance the speed
of internet and also want to develop their economy, then it is necessary to develop suitable
internet connections. Internet growth lead shared knowledge and collaborative relationships
among the citizens of North Ronaldsay. The government of North Ronaldsay can improve its
internet connection through arranging different technical workshops and should support regional
and local internet organizations. Development of internet connection can bring various income
opportunities for the citizens of North Ronaldsay, due to which they are able to enhance their
lifestyle and can easily grow the GDP of the country. Suitable internet connection can help the
citizens in establishing their own business due to which they can utilize the latest technology for
carry their business. It is true that the internet society works to foster high growth and access to
latest technology by bringing information, partnerships to people, training, and communities
across the world (Haywood, 2014). North Ronaldsay people mostly depend on collectively
farming. Lack of internet connection the people of the area not can easily communicate with
each other which cause lack development of the economy.
4

Project Objective
The main aim of this report is to explain different internet connection options which are available
for the North Ronaldsay citizens to provide them high speed and reliable internet connections.
This helps the citizens to bring a strong bonding between the peoples which will develop various
income opportunities for them. Introduce innovative technology bring reliable internet
connection which will solve different problems of citizens. With the help of innovative
technology people of Mainland and North Ronaldsay can easily communicate with each other
and can easily establish strong dial-up links which facilitate long term relation.
Relevant Technology
There is various relevant technology which can improve the internet connections of North
Ronaldsay. Some of them are following:
5

 LLU services: It is the most demanding technology of internet which improves the
internet connection in high context. LLU stands for "Local Loop Unbundling." It is the
latest form of technology which allows different service providers to use a particular
telecom network. The government of the North Ronaldsay should implement LLU
infrastructure which facilitates high connection and more reliability. Local loop
infrastructure development enforces connection of equipment and wires with the
telephone through which they are able to receive a broadband connection (Serrano,
2013). Installing LLU Facilitate sharing of the physical network among the citizens of the
area. If any country doesn't have internet access, they are mostly using LLU because it
facilitates the connection through the BT Openreach Network.
 Cable Internet Access: In current Scenario, cable network becomes most popular among
different countries. In telecommunications, cable internet access is considered an
important form of broadband internet access. Cable internet infrastructure previously
utilized only for cable television but now it carries digital internet which facilitates many
countries to communicate with each other such as fiber to the premises or digital
subscriber line. Through using Cable Internet Access, the citizens of the North Ronaldsay
can build their network edge connectivity from the Internet Service Provider to an end
user. For implementing the cable network the citizens requires developing an
infrastructure of different cable modems which facilitate high speed and long term
durability to individuals.
 FTTP: It is also known as Fiber to the Home. FTTP is a pure fiber-optic cable connection
which is running through Internet Service Provider. FTTP infrastructure development
also beneficial for the individuals of North Ronaldsay because it offers more reliability to
6

its users. FTTP is a combination of different optical fibers which are basically designed
for the purpose of carrying light (Levenburg, 2015). FTTP had the width of human hair
and covered with different layers of plastic. These layers create a mirror around the fibers
through which it is delivering internet connections to users. It is considered the most
high-speed network in comparison to others. FTTP is transferring billions of bits per
second by using only a single laser.
 SDSL: It stands for Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line. SDSL is considered an effective
source of internet connection. An ordinary SDSL network allows data transfer up to more
than 1,200 megabytes per second. North Ronaldsay citizens can use this speed for
uploading data as well as for downloading. Though establishing SDSL infrastructure, the
citizens are able to utilize their broadband connection of ADSL technology efficiently
(Pruekruedee, 2015). Establishment of SDSL infrastructure minimizes the upload
bandwidth, due to which it is able to derive higher bandwidth for downloading. For most
households, it provides an efficient system for suffering the internet speedily, with the
lower upload bandwidth.
Thus, we can say that all above mentioned technology play an efficient role in delivering faster
internet services which will facilitate the development of North Ronaldsay.
Challenges
The following problems faced by the individuals of North Ronaldsay:
 Less Reliability: The internet is considered the important part of lives. The most
important problem faces by the individuals of North Ronaldsay is less reliability. Due to
the fewer reliability people of the area faces lots of security problem. They mostly lost
7

their information, and their account is hacked by different hackers. This will change the
mind of individuals, and they think that use internet is not reliable for them. The less
reliability feature makes it less popular in the North Ronaldsay. For creating the smart
environment, it is necessary for the government to enforce strong internet infrastructure
which will provide a safe environment to them.
 Lower Internet Connection: Another problem faced by the individuals is a lower
internet connection. Internet connection in the North Ronaldsay is variable and not stable.
Due to this, the people cannot be aware more about the current technologies and feels as
an uneducated person (Bacache, 2014). A strong internet connection facilitates easy
access to people. This problem can be solved through implementing strong network
internet connection which provides long-term durability to individuals. The absence of
internet connection stop the overall development of North Ronaldsay, and people cannot
perform any innovative act which enhances the development of the economy. Internet
connection develops a relationship between different persons, but due to a lower internet
connection, they don't have good relation with other citizens of the country.
 Slow Speed: The citizens of the North Ronaldsay utilize ADSl Broadband mostly. But
thy facing the problem of slow speed. The internet connection provides by ADSL
offering slow speed to the individuals. This will consume enough time of people in
download or upload data. In the case of any emergency they cannot use the internet
effectively due to which they suffer more. Speed offering by the internet should be such
one can easily access a single page. Less speed of internet connection reduces the
demand for internet among persons. Now they do not depend on the internet this will
8

limit the innovation capacity of individuals. This will impact the overall growth of the
country.
 Dependency on Dial-up links: Dialup internet service is known as a service that permits
high connectivity to the internet through a standard telephone line (Haller, 2015). Due to
the less internet connection mostly people of the area depend on dial-up links which bring
various problem for them. Implementation of dial-up connection requires various external
equipment's which enhance the implementation cost of the broadband, and people spent a
large part of the money on it. Another problem which causes due to the dependency of
dial-up links is that it is very difficult to use and providing constant problems to citizens.
 Less opportunity of E-Commerce Solutions: Due to the less availability of internet
environment the human beings of North Ronaldsay cannot conduct their own e-
commerce business. E-commerce refers to doing business electronically which is
completely based on internet infrastructure. This will reduce the employment chance and
growth opportunities of individual which can be enhanced through building a strong
network.
Role of Technology in Solving Problems
All the suggested technology play an important in solving all these problems. Such technology
prevalent such environment through which one can use relevant technology in an effective
manner. The role of all technology are following:
1. SDSL: It is an effective technology for solving all these problems. It play following roles:
 Connection speed of SDSL Technology is up to 120 times faster than any other
local or dial-up connection (Tsiaflakis, 2012). With this speed, one can easily
9

download picture files, and different software's in minutes or seconds instead of
hours.
 It does not influence the phone line. It facilitates the individual's various facilities
by which one can easily use the same phone line for both data transmission and
voice or fax mail.
 SDSL Broadband offer unlimited internet access to people, and they do not have
to pay any other extra charge on the connection duration.
 It not only provide effectively and high-speed services but it also provides low-
cost phone services through implementing VoIP technology.
2. Cable Internet Access: It is considered one of the best options when it comes to
delivering high-speed internet or reliability. This is because it offers to speed up to 20
Mbps which is about the twice the speed offered by the SDSL technology. Role of cable
internet access in delivering efficient environment is following:
 Much faster than the other broadband sources like dial-up, SDSL, and satellite.
 Support online activities through which one establish e-commerce business (Lin,
2013).
 It operates without a phone line, due to which the people have an "on" connection
always.
3. FTTP: It is becoming a most popular source or sharing data. It provides high speed due to
which data is transmitted in few minutes. The main reason behind the high speed of
FTTP is that it mostly utilize such technology which greatly uses light instead of
electricity during transmission of data. It plays following role in solving above mentioned
problems:
10

 High Internet Speed: the Nowadays internet is a most popular source of
communications. It offers high internet speed due to which North Ronaldsay
people can easily stream videos, conduct video chat and also can easily download
the file.
 It utilizes the latest technology which can be efficiently utilized by individuals in
starting their own business. Through this, they can conduct innovative tasks and
can grow GDP of their area.
 It offers various range of applications by the access of which citizens of North
Ronaldsay can stay connected with its latest technology.
4. LLU Services: It plays the following role in solving the problems of North Ronaldsay
citizens:
 Through LLU individuals can easily connect with different service providers.
Through this, they can receive a different range of facilities (Nardotto, 2015).
 LLU infrastructure development is less expensive than the development of other
connections which save the large part of their income.
 It provides high network services through which one can conduct its business
opportunities efficiently.
Thus, by studying all this, we can conclude that all technologies play an important role in solving
the problems of North Ronaldsay individuals. But an important thing which should be considered
is the implementation of selected technology which should be effectively done by the
government of North Ronaldsay.
Project Budget
Project Activities Cost Involved (in £)
11

Initiation Phase
 Identification of Project Objective
 Development of Project Charter
 Project Charter Approval
5000
3000
450
Project Planning
 Project Scope Statement
 Kickoff Team Meetings
 Project Plan Development
 Project Plan Submission
 Project Plan Approval
300
800
600
1000
2000
Project Execution 8000
Functional Requirements
 ISP Connection
 Firewall
 DNS Server
 Email Server
 Usenet New Server
 Internet Resources
 Technical Support
 RAM
 Network Card
 Web browser
400
600
900
450
960
9500
6300
850
640
560
Project Control
 Post System Development
 Project Monitoring
 Update Project Planning With Risk and
other Outcomes
 Risk Management
450
950
640
930
Project Closure
 Complete Documentation
 Update all Records
 Signoffs
1000
2000
6000
Total Cost £54,280
Conclusion and Recommendation
After studying all this, we can conclude that North Ronaldsay should implement Cable Network
technology to avoid its problems. This is because it provides the best internet services in
comparison to other network service providers. The best feature of this technology is that the
cable broadband service does not require any phone service to operate, and also the citizens need
not switch on the internet again and again. It means that the internet connection of cable
12

broadband is always on and it consumes less time of individuals in the log in their network. The
implementation procedure and the connection process of it are considered simple, easy and
quick. To instant start the network the individuals should open their web browser. The other
suggested technology is considered very complex, and they cannot implement easily (Serrano,
2013). They require high expert's services to implement effectively. On the other hand, Cable
Broadband is considered very effective and efficient technology for internet access. By
implementing this technology, people of North Ronaldsay can efficiently access internet services
and can easily exploit available opportunities. In addition to its Cable broadband network does
not require telephones to operate, and thus one can easily access both the broadband services as
well as telephone. The main important thing should be considered while implementation of
technology is that the government should implement it as per predetermined standards so that
any risk can be avoided in future. In Cable connection broadband, there are no any boundaries in
using the internet. North Ronaldsay citizens can use the internet as per their desires without
facing any hurdles. The main feature of this network is that it delivers high-speed services to
individuals in comparison to other technologies. The net speed offered by the Cable broadband is
of 13 megabits per seconds, on the other hand, SDSL offers just seven megabits per second
(Levenburg, 2015). Thus, it can be said that cable broadband internet connection is the best
choice rather than other broadband technologies. So, North Ronaldsay should use cable network
technology which will facilitate it in an efficient manner.
13

References
Barnes, D.K., Ireland, L., Hogg, O.T., Morley, S., Enderlein, P. and Sands, C.J., 2015. Why is
the South Orkney Island shelf (the world's first high seas marine protected area) a carbon
immobilization hotspot?. Global change biology.
Krafft, B.A., Krag, L.A., Klevjer, T., Skaret, G. and Pedersen, R., 2014.Distribution of Antarctic
krill and apex predators at South Orkney Islands in 2014, and assessing escape mortality of krill
in trawls. Institute of Marine Research.
Williams, A.G., Withers, S. and Sutherland, A.D., 2013. The potential of bacteria isolated from
ruminal contents of seaweed‐eating North Ronaldsay sheep to hydrolyse seaweed components
and produce methane by anaerobic digestion in vitro. Microbial biotechnology, 6(1), pp.45-52.
Haywood, S. and Vaillant, C., 2014. Overexpression of copper transporter CTR1 in the brain
barrier of North Ronaldsay sheep: implications for the study of neurodegenerative
disease. Journal of comparative pathology,150(2), pp.216-224.
Serrano, M., Quoc, H.N.M., Hauswirth, M., Wang, W., Barnaghi, P. and Cousin, P., 2013, June.
Open services for IoT cloud applications in the future internet. In World of Wireless, Mobile and
Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium and Workshops on
a(pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Levenburg, N.M., Schwarz, T.V. and Motwani, J., 2015. Understanding adoption of internet
technologies among SMEs. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 16(1), pp.51-70.
Nardotto, M., Valletti, T. and Verboven, F., 2015. Unbundling the incumbent: Evidence from
UK broadband. Journal of the European Economic Association, 13(2), pp.330-362.
14

Lin, M.S. and Wu, F.S., 2013. Identifying the determinants of broadband adoption by diffusion
stage in OECD countries. Telecommunications Policy,37(4), pp.241-251.
Tsiaflakis, P., Yi, Y., Chiang, M. and Moonen, M., 2012. Throughput and delay performance of
DSL broadband access with cross-layer dynamic spectrum management. IEEE Transactions on
Communications, 60(9), pp.2700-2711.
Haller, S.A. and Lyons, S., 2015. Broadband adoption and firm productivity: evidence from Irish
manufacturing firms. Telecommunications Policy, 39(1), pp.1-13.
Bacache, M., Bourreau, M. and Gaudin, G., 2014. Dynamic entry and investment in new
infrastructures: Empirical evidence from the fixed broadband industry. Review of Industrial
Organization, 44(2), pp.179-209.
Pruekruedee, S., Suriya, K. and Seksiri, N., 2015. Modeling the impact of internet broadband on
e-government service using structural equation model. In Econometrics of Risk (pp. 427-433).
Springer International Publishing.
15