Sustainable Systems: Energy and Life Cycle Assessment Report

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of sustainable systems, encompassing two primary areas: life cycle assessment (LCA) of cosmetic products and the examination of energy-consuming appliances, specifically air conditioners. The LCA segment compares two cosmetic brands, Besame and RJ Minerals Cosmetics, evaluating their environmental impacts and recommending improvements. The report follows ISO guidelines, including goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and impact assessment. The energy consumption section investigates air conditioners, highlighting energy usage, cost implications, and opportunities to reduce consumption through various strategies. The study also includes a cost-benefit analysis. The analysis aims to provide insights into environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, and practical solutions for reducing environmental impact.

Sustainable
Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
Life Cycle Assessment ....................................................................................................................1
a) Executive summary ..........................................................................................................1
a). Introduction.......................................................................................................................1
Recommended procedure by the ISO to conduct..............................................................2
c). Estimated weight of each component of each alternatives ...............................................3
d). Well defined functional unit..............................................................................................4
e) Balanced material flow diagram.........................................................................................4
f). Impact analysis for each alternatives.................................................................................5
g). Hot spot for each alternative ............................................................................................5
h). Remedial measure for the identified hot spot...................................................................6
I). Select the best alternatives after the most feasible improvement of each alternative........6
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................7
ENERGY CONSUMING APPLIANCES ......................................................................................8
a) Executive Summary...........................................................................................................8
b) Problem definition and context as an introduction............................................................8
c. Relevant information regarding product ............................................................................9
d). Finding out the sources of energy ..................................................................................10
e). Simply energy in South Australia promote energy efficiency........................................11
f. Identifying the opportunities to decrease energy consumption.........................................11
g. Performing cost benefit analysis .....................................................................................12
h. Conclusion........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
As per the current growing generation and energy use and environmental pollution are on
the increase. This is the reason that natural and raw material are becoming scare and effects of
climatic change are warning us that is reduced output of greenhouse gases. Present study will be
based on Energy Consuming appliances which consumes high energy in home or everywhere.
Present energy consuming appliance is heating and cooling. Air conditioners are now played two
roles in summers as well as winters. Present study will be explains relevant information
regarding the Heating and Cooling that take high rate of energy and very expensive as well.
Nowadays, due to high consuming appliances they occurred high investment costs, dependent on
appliances and loss of fish species, cost for construction.
Life Cycle Assessment
a) Executive summary
In this report, life cycle assessment has been covered by introducing the product in
different manner. The main purpose of this assessment is to maintained the sustainability level
among the environment by offering healthy and environment friendly product or services.
Present report taken beauty cosmetic services which is again most essential ones for women.
Nowadays, women are found of beauty products and frequently using by different brands. It is
necessary for brands to hold out effective sustainability and using organic material. For that,
report has been taken two brands of cosmetics Be same and RJ Mineral Cosmetics, both is
situated ion SA and providing organic cosmetic products or services. The whole report will
explain the LCA and also offered procedure recommended by ISO. Further, they also covered
the alternative material they might be used for mack up. Overall, the main purpose of this report
is to define the issue of chemical used cosmetic products which is very harmful for people as
well as for environment.
a). Introduction
As per this taken issue that, cosmetic brands needs to look into the safety precautions for
customers. Several natural ingredients can be more effective when used properly. Dermatologist
are always recommended to use natural organic materials (Keller and et.al., 2014).
International standards' organisation is the kind of technique for assessing the
environment aspects and potential impacts associated with products. There are some functions
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includes ISO which is necessary for the company to adopt. Besides ISO also suggested
evaluating potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs (Life cycle
assessment. 2018).
Recommended procedure by the ISO to conduct
Goal and Scope
This is the first stage to discover the effective leading goals. In which elements provides
such as scope, purpose and main hypothesis considered are the key of the study. This also
includes the better decision making approach to make organic product (Secchi and et.al., 2016).
Overall process of ISO helps to develop the effective product development, marketing and
strategic planning goals.
Inventory Analysis
In this next procedure relate to the technical process of collecting data in order to
quantify the inputs and outputs of the system as per the decided scope or goals. In this inventory
analysis process company needs to focused on raw material, consumed, emissions to air, water,
produced by systems are helpful to calculate for the entire life cycle of the product or services.
Impact assessment
Life cycle impact assessment is progress to identify and characteristics the potential
effects produced in the environment by the system under the study (von der Assen and Bardow,
2014). The main purpose of this step id to identified the potential effects that produced under the
study. Company needs to briefly considered the following categories includes:
 Climate change
 Acidification
Photochemical smog
 Human toxicity
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c). Estimated weight of each component of each alternatives
Components Alternative A: Besame Alternative B: RJ Minerals
Cosmetics
Foundation This company used all their
products in hygienic manner.
Besame is based on the
organic products. It maintained
their quality high and prime.
RJ mineral provides amazing
foundation with best complex,
texture, coverage, longevity.
On the other hand they contain
high toxic and minerals are
used.
Eye Products Eyes products of Besame is all
based on organic material
which helps to get eyes
protective.
RJ mineral are also helps to
use the best effective eye
colours.
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Illustration 1: Life cycle assessment framework
(Source Life cycle assessment. 2018)

d). Well defined functional unit
Both the brands provide best and productive range of products. As compare to
sustainability level Besame cosmetics are more important and productive level of task. Overall, it
helps to define the best target or effective performing goals. Products of both alternatives are
long lasting and waterproof as well (von der Assen and Bardow, 2014). It helps customers to
take care of skin issues. Such as Eye Products of Besame cosmetics are more hygienic and
environment friendly product. There eye products consisting less harmful substance as well.
e) Balanced material flow diagram
Alternative A
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Alternative B
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Illustration 2: Determining of lead eye shadow blush by high resolution

f). Impact analysis for each alternatives
Alternative A: Besame using hygienic or organic material to make eye shadows. It helps to give
positive impact on human skin or give stressful impact on the overall system level.
Alternative B: Comparatively RJ mineral are less effective than Besame, they used high
chemical while preparing eye colours or foundation which might be not that much effective for
the human skin. It gives negative impact on the environmental growth.
g). Hot spot for each alternative
Each alternative has their own style to manufacture product or services. On the basis of
observation from life cycle analysis (von der Assen and Bardow, 2014). It has been concluded
that, RJ minerals are given negative impact on environment by using high harmful minerals. On
the other hand, Besame company can also need to concentrate on the development process to
keep maintained the proper protection level.
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Illustration 3: Determine eye shadow and blush

h). Remedial measure for the identified hot spot
Alternatives A: for Besame they need to improve its resistance level of quality. Besides,
they also need to focused on herbal products.
Alternative B: RJ material can use plastic base eye colours which is more durable as
compare to others. Besides, company also needs to reduce their high chemical substances or
product or services.
I). Select the best alternatives after the most feasible improvement of each alternative
On the basis of above section it has been concluded that, life cycle assessment is very
much required to understand what to produce or how to produce a particular services. It helps to
identify harmful substances and helps to enhance environment friendly business activities. On
the basis of two alternatives alternative A that is Besame company is more efficient than RJ
minerals (von der Assen and Bardow, 2014). Besides, Alternative A is providing far better
quality than Alternative B. Overall study has been concluded, that cosmetic product must be
organic or environment friendly.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Keller, A. A. and et.al., 2014. Release of engineered nanomaterials from personal care products
throughout their life cycle. Journal of nanoparticle research, 16(7), p.2489.
Secchi, M. and et.al.,, 2016. Assessing eco-innovations in green chemistry: Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) of a cosmetic product with a bio-based ingredient. Journal of cleaner
production, 129, pp.269-281.
von der Assen, N. and Bardow, A., 2014. Life cycle assessment of polyols for polyurethane
production using CO 2 as feedstock: insights from an industrial case study. Green
Chemistry. 16(6). pp.3272-3280.
Online
Life cycle assessment. 2018. [Online]. Available
through :<http://grimstad.uia.no/puls/climatechange/nns05/13nns05a.htm>.
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ENERGY CONSUMING APPLIANCES
a) Executive Summary
South Australia is the mix electricity supply source which continues to evolve, with
2015-16 marking the end of coal powered generation in south Australia. South Australia is
highly rich in energy resources (Armstrong and et.al., 2015). Present study will be looked into
the energy consumption appliances. It contains very significant reserves of fossil fuels such as
natural gas, coal and oil. Although there are incentives to phase these out in favour of clean
energy. Present report has been based on the product Heating & Cooling. On the other hand, it
becomes an issue for an environment to decreasing all natural resources. Present study described
the energy consumption level, cost alternatives, usage of the devise. On the other hand, they also
explained the impact of the devise on environment specially considering carbon emissions
(Chang, Chung and Manthiram, 2017). Besides, present study based on the Simply Energy
company who focused on the sustainable environment and provide green house services to
protect the environment friendly services. Overall, furthermore study focused on the
opportunities to decrease energy consumption including but not limited to replacement of
devices, timer switches, manual switching, programmed switches, off peak power usage,
alternative fuel etc. furthermore they presented the cost benefit analysis by given three
improvement items. That helps to promote energy consumptions which helps to reduce negative
impact of polluted energy (Fuhrer and Gregory, eds., 2014). The main purpose of this study is to
increasing the importance of energy consumption and how to reduce negative energy appliances
as well.
b) Problem definition and context as an introduction
Efficient appliances of energy consumption helps to save energy, reduce energy bills and
rates (Vezzoli and et.al., 2015). Also, they avoid the needs to build new power plants as well. For
example, Air conditioner, refrigerators is responsible for wide range of a problem. It has been
also argued by some authors that by allowing customer to save money on the other hand efficient
appliances have caused Australians to abandon the simple life. By using effective energy
appliances, it might be given several benefits to the customers such as it saves cost on energy,
lesser consumption of energy will automatically translate to saving cost of the buyers. All the
appliances with an Energy Star helps them to save 30% on electricity costs. It also helps to
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