Sustainable Tourism Development and Globalization Research Proposal

This report presents a research proposal for an MBA degree at Iqra University, focusing on the interplay between sustainable tourism development and globalization within the context of Pakistan. The study aims to investigate the relationships between international globalization factors (social and economic) and the tourism sector in Pakistan, analyzing the impact of globalization on tourism and its effects on Pakistan's economic development. The proposal includes a literature review covering theoretical backgrounds like modernization and dependency theories, and empirical studies related to globalization and tourism's impact on GDP, environmental emissions, and regional development. The research methodology outlines the research purpose, approach, design, data sources, and statistical techniques. The report also describes the variables, model hypotheses, and significance of the study, emphasizing tourism's role in a country's economic advancement and its importance in times of globalization. The study intends to examine Pakistan's tourism industry, its revenue, and its contribution to the GDP from 2000 to 2020. The research further seeks to determine the association between globalization and tourism in Pakistan, and to differentiate the causal relationship between the components of globalization and Tourism of Pakistan.

IQRA UNIVERSITY
“Sustainable tourism development and globalization”
A Proposal submitted by
Talha Sajid 11967
Muhammad Danish 14552
Ammar Ahmed 12760
Sami-ul-Haq 12743
To
Department of Business Administration
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
This proposal has been Accepted by the
Faculty OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Mrs Nida Shah Advisor
Iqra University Research Facilitation Centre

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Acknowledgement
At first, we would like to thank Allah Almighty for the power hardiness, and potential with
which we were able to complete this task effectively. Furthermore, we would like to precise our
appreciation to Miss Nida Shah, our mentor for provided that extraordinary learning, reassurance
and show the way in the direction of elevation. She has undeniably facilitated us in increasing
our knowledge. We thank Miss, Nida Shah for charitable us the critical sustenance for
accompanying this research.

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement......................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1....................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUTION..............................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................5
1.2 Problem Statement............................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Question..................................................................................................................7
1.4 Research Objective................................................................................................................7
1.5 Significance of the Study.......................................................................................................7
1.6 Organization of the Study......................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 2....................................................................................................................................9
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................9
Theoretical Background.............................................................................................................10
Empirical Studies.......................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 3..................................................................................................................................17
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................17
3.1 Research Purpose.................................................................................................................18
3.2 Research Approach..............................................................................................................18
3.3 Research Design...................................................................................................................18
3.4 Data sources.........................................................................................................................18
3.5 Sample Size and Period........................................................................................................19
3.6 Research Model....................................................................................................................19
3.7 Model Hypothesis................................................................................................................19
3.8 Statistical Techniques..........................................................................................................19
3.9 Variable Description............................................................................................................19
Dependent Variable................................................................................................................20
Independent Variable.............................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4..................................................................................................................................21
Data analysis..................................................................................................................................21
4.1 Descriptive Statics................................................................................................................22

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Chapter Five...................................................................................................................................26
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................26
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................27
References..................................................................................................................................29

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUTION

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1.1 Background
The tourism enterprise business has emerged as a key force for property socioeconomic
development globally. The concept behind property business enterprise is to go to the locations
while not harming the area people and nature and conjointly having some constructive impact on
the surroundings, society, similarly because the economy of the country. Tourism enterprise will
embrace transportation to the overall place, native transportation, accommodations, leisure,
amusement, shopping, and nourishment.
Researchers from several disciplines have investigated internationalization and
environmental sides of business in numerous empirical settings to uncover the advanced nature
of the business trade and its impacts on the global economy. Whereas the economic contributions
of the business industry embrace employment, tax revenues, and interchange earnings, its
contributions transcend the economic (Quer, et al., 2017).
Business bolsters communities' social capital and individuals' world awareness by
exchanging cultures and values that is of preponderant importance for societies during a
globalized world. Business has become a big part of the world economy, and therefore the
business trade has been recognized to own the ability to steer, shift, and build property
economies by numerous means that it will be coupled to travel for recreation, business, family,
and/or friends. Currently, there's a widespread agreement that business enterprise growth ought
to be property, though the question of a way to win this can be a subject matter of dialogue
(Aizenman & Jinjarak, 2009).
Tourism enterprise and therefore the travel sector square measure necessary economic
activities everywhere the planet. In several countries, the business enterprise business remains a
crucial supply for the generation of employment and financial gain in formal and informal

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sectors. as an example, Hwang and Lee claimed that economic process and development is
speedily increasing in Korean Peninsula thanks to the rise in senior business enterprise. This
increase shows that tourists feel inner satisfaction that absolutely affects their future activity
intentions. Similarly, developing countries will engender an enormous quantity of interchange
from business enterprise that would conjointly boost their property growth and development.
In developing countries, it's the most supply and a foundation for a country’s economic
development and growth. Tourism enterprise revenue enhances the exchange derived from the
overseas trade of products and services. This sector conjointly finances capital smart imports
within the development of the economy’s industrial sector. Or else, economic growth within the
developed nations influences business travel (overseas visits), which might result in an increase
within the nation’s overseas reserves (Honey & Krantz, 2007).
1.2 Problem Statement
International commercial enterprise in Pakistan has achieved record growth. The amount
of tourists has reached 800,000 from all traveler manufacturing market places. This figure could
be a twenty fifth rise from the previous 2 years. Consistent with the report, in 2018, 1.80 million
guests traveled to Pakistan. The Pakistan commercial enterprise Development Corporation
confirmed that half-hour of tourists were national and virtually eighty nine of the tourists most
popular to journey by road; solely September and 1.7% traveled by train and air, severally.
In 2018, the globe Travel and commercial enterprise Council mentioned that Pakistan’s
commercial enterprise revenue was twenty billion bucks and created up seven-membered of the
GDP (Athukorala, 2003). Commercial enterprise has encouraging influence on Pakistan’s
economic process and still continues to grow. The most important and noteworthy ideology of

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which mainly contributes tourism in a gross domestic product has been inspected in multiple
studies but not emphasise mainly in Pakistan for specific time series that is from 2000 to 2020.
Questions concerning the influence of mixture of tourism still remain the same. In addition,
previous studies deficiencies in provided that reliable writings importance the association among
tourism and globalization of Pakistan while utilising panel data of certain time period
1.3 Research Question
What are the relationship flanked by international globalization factor that is social,
economic and the globalization of Pakistan?
1.4 Research Objective
The objectives of the study are to investigative the association among globalization and
tourism in Pakistan and to discriminate the causal association flanked by the parts of
globalization and Tourism of Pakistan
1.5 Significance of the Study
Tourism is a significant component for a country's development, for the reason that in
times of globalization, people in one state can easily buy or sell goods to people in other
countries and tourism also incline the economic state of the country. The foremost phase of this
exploration was to block up the fissures confirmed by the “Islamic Republic of Pakistan” and to
discover associations amongst tourism and globalization. The intention of this study is to
scrutinize economic achievement with refining GDP in relative to significant factors such as
economic, social and environments, which together influence economic development controlled
by GDP.

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1.6 Organization of the Study
These respective writing endures as follows. After a studying the previous research and
studies based on association amongst tourism and globalization both overall, and in relations of
three sub-indices, to be precise social, economic, and political globalization, the detailed
methodology of this research study and major outcomes are presented. Lastly we close with
discussion and conclusion sections.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

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Theoretical Background
Past studies have projected in their study that it's a four-dimensional method as so much
as development is bothered, and it contains positive changes not solely in economic process and
national establishments however conjointly in poorness reduction. Modernization theory is one
in every of the foremost standard organic process paradigms to own gained admiration from mid-
20th century. This theory is believed to be associate extension of another theory referred to as
growth theory that is grounded in Keynesian economic science.
For justification of Modernization theory, the theorists used it as a key social indicator
for economic development, that trickles all the way down to the grassroots level of society within
the type of plentiful economic and employment prospects. Loaded and powerful modernized
economies typically offer a high-quality of life and trendy technology to their voters (Afzal,
2006). Modernization becomes additional favored because of its daring and effectual production
strategies.
Moreover, from the touristy perspective, the modernization methods of development not
solely engender foreign capital however conjointly swish the means for the transfer of
technology and build bigger employment opportunities than before. The most focus of touristy
development is these economic paybacks, and whenever alternative economic resources trickle
down, the touristy number acted as a growth-pole (Chaisawat, 2006). Dependency theory (DT)
became standard within the Seventies. It a composite of diverse reticulated theories and primarily
focuses on the inequalities of core capitalist and southern developing countries. In line with this
theory, traditionally poor countries area unit unbroken bereft of development by developed and
made countries.

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The economic reliance of developing countries on development comes is predicated on:
transfer of advanced technology from industrial countries; creation of huge debts and
dependency on foreign investment; and interest on debts transmitted back to the developed
countries (Croes, 2006).
Empirical Studies
Adeel-Farooq, et al., (2017) scrutinizes the interconnection and association between
globalization and tourism GDP. In this study, globalization and tourism independent variables
whereas, GDP as a dependent variable. Regression Analysis has been rummage-sale in the
research. The facts for this research have been congregated from the dissimilar websites. It is
exposed that globalization and tourism have significant and positive relationship with GDP.
Chishti, et al., (2020) examine the asymmetrical impacts of globalization and commercial
enterprise on pollution emissions of five South Asian countries for the amount from 1980 to
2018 are examined through a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique that
shows that each short and semi-permanent coefficients are uneven. The findings recommend that
positive and negative shocks in globalization have an effect on carbon emissions otherwise
within the case of East Pakistan, India, and Islamic Republic of Pakistan, whereas similar results
are found within the case of Nepal and Sri Lanka within the long-term. What is more, positive
commercial enterprise shock, within the long-term, ameliorates the environmental quality by
reducing carbon emissions in Nepal and Ceylon, however, will increase the carbon emissions in
East Pakistan, India, and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Whereas negative commercial enterprise
shock has adverse impact on positive shock on carbon emissions in South Asia. The phenomena
of globalization and commercial enterprise will exert a severe impact in exasperating the