Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Development in Kenya: A Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainable tourism development in Kenya. It explores the benefits for various stakeholders, including environmental, social, and economic impacts. The report critically evaluates public and private sector partnerships in tourism planning, outlining advantages and drawbacks. It details the steps involved in the tourism development planning process, emphasizing the significance of interactive planning. Furthermore, the report examines methods for measuring the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism, along with the concept of sustainability in the Kenyan context. It addresses issues of conflict of interest and ethical considerations in tourism development, comparing current issues with potential future developments and offering recommendations. The report provides a comparative analysis and concludes with insights into the future of tourism in Kenya.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DESTINATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Stakeholders benefit from planning regarding sustainable tourism of Kenya.................2
1.2 Critical evaluation on public and private sector tourism planning partnership................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Steps of tourism development planning process..............................................................6
2.2 Interactive planning and its significance..........................................................................7
2.3 Methods to measure impact on economic, social and environment.................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Concept of sustainability in tourism destination in Kenya...............................................9
3.2 Sustainability as an issue for solving out.........................................................................9
3.3 Stages of sustainable tourism development planning.....................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Issues of conflict of interest and methods to resolve it..................................................11
4.2 Implications sustainable tourism development for balancing supply and demand........12
4.3 Moral and ethical issues of developing and promoting enclave tourism.......................13
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................14
5.1 Comparison to current issues related to tourism developments.....................................14
5.2 Recommendations and future developments of tourism in both destination.................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................16

ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Sustainable tourist.....................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism is considered as visiting place tourist and creating positive impact on
its economy, society and environment. It is linked with transportation and providing services of
travelling and accommodation. However, with the help of this report, significance of sustainable
tourism for maxi zing tourists' attraction with destination of Kenya. In this regard, advantages of
stakeholders from planning developments, critical evaluation on private and public planning
partnerships for destination can be analysed. However, development planning features and its
importance is being described for sustainable tourism. Including this, issues which have occurred
in tourism development and solutions to reduce them will be identified. Therefore, deep
understanding towards sustainable tourism destination in comparison to Hungary can be
identified with the help of this report.
Background
Kenya tourism destination is one of the well-known destination where 19 national parks
and other attractions are for tourism. However, its Rift Valley, Massai Amboseli Game reserves,
Lake Nakuru are famous destinations for which millions of people come for visiting. Including
this, it is wide spread and attractive destination like price, environment, social, security and so
on. However, demand for visiting for its destinations is getting increased till today able to sustain
attraction of different countries' people at maximum level. Thus, it is world famous and most
desired tourism destination attract tourists for their different purposes on large scale. Besides
this, it is one of the most attractive destination of Sri Lanka which encourages tourists for
coming frequently. In this regard, large number of visitors come for different purposes as
education, research, entertainment and others. Other than that there are several attraction
destinations in the Kenya. Topographically, Kenya is stunning. Surrounded by calderas and
mountain ranges, the Great Rift Valley divides the country. To the east of this sweeping valley,
visitors can climb the snow-cloaked equatorial peaks of Mount Kenya and fish for trout in crystal
clear streams. Hell's Gate National Park harbors obsidian caves and hisses with natural geysers
and hot springs. To experience the romance of Kenya's colourful colonial history captured in the
film Out of Africa, head to Nairobi. This bustling capital is the gateway to one of the world's
most evocative and exciting travel destinations such as Maasai Mara National Reserve, Amboseli
National Reserve, Tsavo National Park etc.
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TASK 1
1.1 Stakeholders benefit from planning regarding sustainable tourism of Kenya
Kenya tourism destinations provide tourism services to a million tourists of the world for
visiting. However, variety of customers including businessmen, school and college students,
groups of friends and family visit the place for education, research, entertainment and several
purposes. It influences social and economic development as well country's effectiveness . In
accordance to this, planning regarding sustainable tourism in Kenya and stakeholders' benefits
can be understood as follows:
 Environmental and sustainable benefits:
Kenya tourism destination aims to created positive environment and sustainability in destination
at maximum level for its stakeholders. In this regard, different approaches are determined and
benefited for tourism services including transport and accommodation effectively. Therefore,
demand for its services and destination can be enhanced on large scale in the future time as well.
 Fulfilling requirements of tourists:
Stakeholders come for different purposes can be achieved through visiting destinations of Kenya.
For which, their knowledge regarding tourism attractions can enhance efficiently affect
knowledge and sustainability of tourist destination in the world (Beaumont and Dredge, 2010).
Therefore, all of their purposes can be fulfilled regarding tourist destination for historical places
of Kenya effectively.
Stakeholders belonged to private and public companies come for visiting the destination
at most. Including this, good relations are maintained with them in terms of advertising its
services and demonstrating new creations in them. However, new schemes and specific benefits
for stakeholders are promoted to encourage them towards visiting the destination. In addition to
this, government also plays crucial role in maintaining relations with stakeholders effectively.
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3
Illustration 1: Sustainable tourist
(Source: Sustainable tourist destination, 2016).

Different stakeholders
There are different stakeholders that are engaged in the tourism activities and operation
such as National governments, local governments, institutions engaged in financing tourism
projects, tourism employees, tourism professionals and tourism consultants, trade unions of
tourism employees, Tourism education and training centres, Local populations and host
communities at tourism destinations through their representatives etc. Most of the stakeholders
and their benefits are as follows:
Tourist/Audiences: this industry is depended on the tourist and the audiences it refers to
the people who are interested to come in the nations or the internal people who are involve in the
countries' development. If the tourist are not interested than the economic condition of the nation
will be affected. So to develop the Philippines they have to develop some destinations.
Local residence: for the benefit of the local residence the tourism development planning
should be in the context of them. Local directness are the important person for the tourism
development in the Philippines. They can earn the income for their livelihood from the tourism
locations.
Government: policies made by the government of Philippines will be reflected in the
tourism development planning in which countries development can be made and the economic
conditions can be better with their polices. Also, partnership in between private and public
sectors for development of the tourism can be helpful.
1.2 Critical evaluation on public and private sector tourism planning partnership
Planning is created for providing tourism services to public and private sector
organisations' together, then following advantages and drawbacks are determined as mentioned
below:
Advantages of public and private sector tourism planning:
For tourism planning for public and private sectors' stakeholders' together for Kenya
destination, following advantages are determined as:
 Contacts between private and public stakeholders increases and knowledge regarding
different businesses can be enhanced. In accordance to this, good relations and bonding
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are created between public and private sector stakeholders. However, knowledge o0f
different kinds of businesses and work get enhanced effectively.
 Cost effectiveness can be determined for tourism planning. As appropriate planning is
created for managing public and private sector stakeholders together impacted on cost
incurred on tourism. Besides this, appropriate planning can be created in terms of fewer
expenses and increasing revenue efficiently.
 Fewer risks will be occurred for tourism destination in terms of finance, environment,
security and so on (Cohen and Cohen, 2012). It is because of good bonding and
understanding created between public and private sector stakeholders. It is resulted to
effective decision making towards destination and gaining tourists' attraction at higher
level.
Therefore, it is effective for creating tourism planning for public and private sector
stakeholders' together affect economic position and tourism environment of Kenya.
Drawbacks of tourism planning for Kenya destination:
On critical evaluation, some disadvantages are also determined for providing services to
public and private sector stakeholders together as:
 Misunderstanding may create, therefore; possibility of conflicts and disputes is emerged
affect tourism planning for Kenya.
 It is difficult to manage both sectors' stakeholders for tourism destination and taking care
of all service takers for Kenya destination (Weaver, 2011).
 It is difficult to provide securities and safety to all stakeholders for tourism destination of
Kenya.
 Loss of government control: Due to the public and private partnership government will
face loss the control on some decision which are associated with funds and other risk.
 Political risk and labour issues: Sometimes: The government is not able to take certain
decision because of inexperience of public private partnership. The political risk in which
the interested parties may involved in the political pressure. Also, the trade union will
raise the issue with regarding the labour.
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 Insecure services: The private partnership will make insecure services in which the
labour disputes may arise and the tourism planning can be failed.
However, these issues are occurred in tourism planning for both public and private sector which
are required to be controlled. Therefore, it is essential to create planning for tourism destination
and providing destination to all stakeholders systematically. It is essential to consider all of these
factors and impacts of tourism plan together for public and private sector stakeholders.
TASK 2
2.1 Steps of tourism development planning process
Tourism development planning are different at various levels. These are as following:
International level
Changes in environment impact on the planning process of the government. There are
many higher authorities working those which continuously such as Kenya vision 2030 where
government of Kenya is working, the Environmental Management authorities, The National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA) etc. The main focus to enhance international level
tourism is on enhancing transportation services in the country. This can help in attracting more
travellers towards the Kenya. International agencies such Eco tourism agency of Kenya, Kenya
Association of Travel Agents (KATA) work in the partnership with public entities and they
continuously work for sustainable development of the country (Tarrant and et.al, 2014). Some
major marketing strategies and promotion in other countries is important for the tourism
development. Relation with the other countries has to be improved and the more focus to attract
the international tourist which can be benefit to the economic conditions.
National level
It is part of development planning process. In this level, many national bodies such as
Kenya Association of tour operator, Ministry of tourism etc. put hard efforts so that inbound
tourism can be increased in the country. They improve accommodation facilities which is the
part of planning process. National bodies perform their duties as a route in order to promote the
Kenya in the world. Infrastructure facilities and other services developed by national level
authorities so that customers take interest in this location . National trust also performs in this
manner and try to develop condition of villages, beaches so that travellers like to come here
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(Stylidis and Terzidou, 2014). Also, some marketing strategies and the promotions events for
economic considerations mat develop the tourism sector. The short development plan should be
implemented at the national level which can be projected on the other levels.
Regional level
In this planning process authorities involve local communities for the sustainable
development of the nation. Regional authorities continuously work for the development of
internal transportation facilities, enhance educational level of population so that development of
the country can take place (Tarrant and et.al, 2014). Education at the regional level is poor which
can be the failure of such planning at the regional level. Form the regional level the marketing
strategies and the focus on the best locations of the regional places.
2.2 Interactive planning and its significance
Interactive planning is the systematic process in which authorities work to improve the
future of the country by making necessary changes in the current situation. London Olympiad is
the success event which is the great example of interactive planning process. Many countries
have participated in this event and by this way nation has become able to attract new travellers.
If tourism business of the nation is increasing then it may create issues such as overcrowding,
environmental damage in the nation. Interactive planning is the process in which concern
authorities work in collaboration, cooperation and partnership in order to reduce negative effects
and increasing the revenues of the nation (Stylidis and Terzidou, 2014). By making interactive
planning government of Kenya can enhance tourism activities in the country. Significance of
interactive planning process are as following:
 With the help of interactive planning safety and security of the Kenya can be improved to
great extent.
 This system can support in resolving issues such as overcrowding, environmental damage
etc.
 With the help of proper planning government of the nation can utilize funds in effective
manner and can use this fund in the sustainable development of the country.
 This helps in maintaining transparency so that criminal activities can be minimized.
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2.3 Methods to measure impact on economic, social and environment
There are various methods that helps in measuring impact of tourism on economic, social
and environment condition. With the assistance of these methods authorities can identify real
impact of tourism in the sustainable development of Kenya (Stylidis and Terzidou, 2014).
Various methods are as following:
STEAM and Cambridge model to measure economic impact
Cambridge model is the calculative method in which authorities calculate the number of
visitors those who came to the Kenya and their spending. This help in identifying the economic
growth and increasing rate of foreign currency in the nation. With the help of this tool concern
bodies can make plan to enhance activities of tourism in the country so that country can gain
economic growth (STEAM model, 2016.). Cambridge model is helpful in identifying
effectiveness of the planning process. STEAM model is another method which is used to
measure economic impact of tourism in the nation. In this tool authorities collect relevant
information about tourists such as bad debt of tour operators, total visitor's spending in the
country, increment in employment opportunities etc. This helps in identifying whether planning
is effective or not.
EIM method to measure environmental impact
Overcrowding, environmental damage are major drawbacks of increasing tourism
activities in the country (The Standard in Economic Impact Measurement, 2017). EIA
(environment impact assessment) looks upon the elements such as limitation of natural
resources, issues create in the city after increasing tourism activities, impact on soil and water
etc. After examining all these factors development team of Kenya can make changes in the
current operations so that such issues can be minimized and it can give positive results
(Ridderstaat and et.al, 2014).
Pro poor tourism (PPT) method to measure social impact
It is another quantitative method which pay attention on development of poor
communities. In this method authorities collect previous information of income of poor people,
their social development and compare it with the current status. This helps in measuring the
reach development. This helps in identifying whether the planning was effective or not (Stanford
and Guiver, 2015).
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TASK 3
3.1 Concept of sustainability in tourism destination in Kenya
For tourism destination in Kenya, it is needed to develop and increasing attraction of
tourists towards destination. It is analysed that sustainability in tourism sector affect economic,
employment and other sectors of the country positively. Including this, different ideas are
generated for optimum utilization of resources and cost for tourism and reducing wastages of
resources as well. Justification and importance of tourism destination in Kenya can be
understood as:
 It impacts on creating balance of demand and supply for tourism destination as well
utilizing natural resources.
 It is beneficial for protecting cultural heritage and biodiversity affect country's
development and effectiveness effectively.
 It increases economic position of Kenya as well determines employment opportunities on
larger scale for tourism destination.
 It is helpful for minimizing wastages and creating effective balance between demand and
supply for tourism destination.
 It is beneficial for protecting natural resources and increasing efficiency of Kenya
effectively.
 It plays crucial role in spread of cultural awareness across the world as well increasing
interest of stakeholders from all over the world.
Therefore, sustainability in tourism destination influences country's effectiveness and
proper balance between demand and supply for destination. However, economic position of
country can be maximized as well public interest at maximum level. Thus, sustainability in
tourism sector is required affect growth of Kenya and its monetary position.
3.2 Sustainability as an issue for solving out
Different issues are occurred for sustainability in tourism for Kenya, some of them can be
described as:
Socio-economic challenges:
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