Report: Sustainable and Responsible Tourism Management in Bulgaria

This report delves into the concepts of sustainable and responsible tourism, focusing on the case of Bulgaria. It begins by tracing the evolution of these concepts and examining the roles of global organizations like UNWTO and WTTC in promoting them. The report then explores the principles of tourism development and planning, emphasizing the minimization of negative environmental impacts. It investigates the economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts of tourism activities in Bulgaria, discussing stakeholder contributions and the importance of partnerships. Furthermore, the report analyzes the success and failures of sustainable tourism management in selected destinations and provides recommendations for improving sustainable administration and management across various tourist destinations worldwide, with a focus on Bulgaria's unique context and challenges. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and providing references for further study.

Sustainable and Responsible
Tourism Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................5
P1 Explain how the concept of sustainable and responsible tourism has evolved.................5
P2 Determination of role, function and mission of leading global organisations involved in
promotion of sustainable and responsible tourism.................................................................6
M1 Explain concept related to sustainable as well as responsible tourism as per leading
international company............................................................................................................7
D1 Assess the importance of concept and also explain sustainable as well as responsible
tourism as per leading international company........................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Purpose of tourism development for minimising negative impact on atmosphere...........8
P4 Evaluation of the process of tourism development and planning and challenges along with
problems associated with it....................................................................................................9
M2 Different approaches or method to make plan for tourism sector...................................9
D2 Assess various methods to tourism improvement and planning to assess and also justify
the rationale for monitoring and controlling sustainable performance................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P5 Investigate the impacts of tourism activity generated by a specific tourism attraction from
an economic, social, cultural and environmental perspective..............................................10
P6 Discuss principles of sustainable tourism.......................................................................11
M3 Discuss contributions of several stakeholders in developing sustainable tourism practices.
..............................................................................................................................................12
D3 Assess the significance of involvement of stakeholder as well as partnership in reducing
negative effect to meet whole sustainable objectives...........................................................13
P7 Examine development & management of sustainability in different tourism destinations14
M4 Analyse success or failure of management of sustainable tourism development in selected
destinations...........................................................................................................................14
D4 Provide recommendations for increasing sustainable administration and improvement
management for a range of tourist destinations worldwide..................................................15

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable and responsible tourism both aim at providing positive social, economic
environmental to the hosting of destinations. In sustainable tourism work of stakeholders and
political leaders are involved for the improvement of the industry by eliminating poverty,
providing new opportunities of employment and implementation of various measures of social
protection. It focuses on optimum uses of resources so that conservation of biodiversity can be
done and it also promotes the values of different traditions (SAFARABADI, 2016). Sustainable
tourism approaches the macro level whereas responsible tourism approaches micro level. They
both have the aim to work towards eliminating the history of negative effects of tourism. These
both work for the enrichment of experience of the tourists. This report is based on tourist
destination Bulgaria which is a country situated in South-east Europe. It is the country which has
seen 30% rises in its tourism in the last 3 years. The tourism of Bulgaria is famous because it is
rich in natural heritages and green landscapes. It gives the chance of exploring beautiful hills
which also provides protection to the flora and fauna.
TASK 1
P1 Explain how the concept of sustainable and responsible tourism has evolved
Tourism industry is highly dynamic in nature in which is helpful in managing significant
relationship with environment. There is a history attached within tourism which is of 60 years
and associated with four major levels. In the year of 1950 this is being analysed that various
restrictions were imposed on tourism development due to which higher influenced over
environment and sustainability process can be enumerated. In the year of 1970 the whole opinion
in which various problems that excessive tourist’s activities have on sustainability and
environment are examined and opinions are exerted. In the beginning of year 1980,
understanding for relationship enhancement is built due to which natural environment within
tourism sector is appreciated. In current time this is being classified that to manage relationship
and to manage symbol of heritage due to which sustainability is attained by nations in
appropriate manner. The major opinion is revolving around year of 1990 and in this manner
integrated relationship between sustainability and tourism development can be established.
These aspects are drawing direct impact over natural environment in positive and negative

manner as well. This is being examined that tourism sector is providing direct impact to
environment by which tourism sector is being taking prominence (Chami, 2018).
Sustainable tourism is defined as the aspect which is associated with enhancement and
focusing over various activities through which complexities for tourists can be eliminated. As
according to the research this is being analysed that sustainable tourism is associated with three
major level which are maintaining, preserving and planning of various resources so as to get
higher opportunities for reaching out to tourism goals and objectives. The major focus of these
services are linked with providing assistance to industry of tourism and in this manner Bulgaria
and their destination may get future benefits in terms of sustainability.
Figure 1 Tourism and sustainable development, 2021
P2 Determination of role, function and mission of leading global organisations involved in
promotion of sustainable and responsible tourism
Role: The primal role of World tourism organisation is to manage and intensify standard of
travel and industry of tourism and in this manner higher profitability can be attained by tourism
which leads in higher sustainability as well. Another role of organisation is to provide

sustainability to tourism in this global condition of changing environment. The prominent and
major objective of this organisation is to promote tourism around every corner of globe.
Functions: The diversified functions of world tourism organisation are helpful for the industry
to work with forward approach in which various ways are enlightened those are helpful to have
success and the same are elaborated as under:
 The promotion of travel and industry of tourism is aligned with enhancement of
economic standards in prominent manner (Cheng and et. al, 2018). Intensifying the
aspects of care and restoration in different spots and places of heritage. This is helping
the industry to attract higher visitors due to which appropriate opportunities can be
exerted which are helpful in influencing different tourists from various destinations.
 Another function is to manage course of actions by which sustainability over the
environment can be received.
Tourism world is associated with providing changes advancements and technological
sustainability to the industry so by these latest operations can be handled in better way. This is
directed by providing various prominent information regarding different tourist places and to
inhale required tourism development stages around the world.
From the detailed description mentioned above this is being examined World tourism
organisation is having the major role to promote tourism in such a manner that extensive level
can be attained. Along with this the organisation is leading to provide growth and sustainability
options to industry by using tools and tactics (Hanna, and et. Al, 2016).
WTTC: This is a part of travel and tourism industry which is known as world travel and tourism
council. It follows an appropriate organisational structure where it consists of different members
from global business communities and working with the government authorities to raise
awareness about travel and tourism industry.
Following are the roles of the organization:
The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is a forum for the travel and tourism industry. It
is made up of members from the global business community and works with governments to
raise awareness about the travel and tourism industry. It is known for being the only forum to
represent the private sector in all parts of the industry worldwide. Its activities include research
on the economic and social impact of the industry and its organisation of global and regional
summits focused on issues and developments relevant to the industry.

Following are the functions of the organization:
 Working in the direction of bringing awareness in bringing climate neutrality by 2050.
 Tying up with sustainable tourism and travel partners.
 Launching programs to stop illegal wildlife trade and human trafficking.
M1 Explain concept related to sustainable as well as responsible tourism as per leading
international company.
The prominent international organisation such as UNWTO and WTTC which are
continuously using different tools and guidelines in order to protect appropriate safety
environment to industry of tourism. These organisations are highly focused over global
performance in appropriate manner. WTTC is signified aspect which is focused over satisfying
needs and demands of tourist along with gaining opportunities by which future benefits can be
given. Thus these organisations are fulfilling integrity within culture and diversity as these are
the concepts and needs which are helpful to gain sustainability within tourism. Global companies
are signified as adopting such methods which are highly focused on minimising negative
impacts which are given to social, economic and environment dimensions (Yin, 2016). Besides
this, this is highly imperative that in order to gain economic profits. Besides this for local
individual person host communities are related with enhancing well beings of their habitants.
D1 Assess the importance of concept and also explain sustainable as well as responsible tourism
as per leading international company
Sustainable and responsible travel industry advancement is that sort of improvement that
makes the travel industry to be elevated with Iceland. UNWTO has made different sorts of plans
and has utilized most recent innovation to make objections to be cleaner and alluring.
Additionally, UNWTO has made certain estimates necessary which has helped in improving the
travel industry. Moreover, UNWTO helped in foundation of three primary ideas of supportable
the travel industry in Iceland which are as per the following:
Natural – The most important and feasible factor in travel industry is climate. UNWTO
helped in building up the significance of utilizing such practices that protect the climate as well
as helps in reestablishing the harm that is being done to it also. Moreover the association is liable
for or building up the moral contemplations in neighborhood the travel industry area of Iceland
also. Bulgaria the travel industry market draw in client utilizing their virtues which spins around
dealing with the climate. This aides in client procurement as the majority of the individuals

around the world are worried about the climate and are dazzled by the practices attempted by
Iceland the travel industry
Social - A business is only an expansion of society's acknowledgment in the commercial
center they work inside. UNWTO hand and advancement of search activity reason for activity
that doesn't negate with the general public's qualities and contemplations. Furthermore, the
ethical set of accepted rules set up by the association it additionally mirrors that the benefit that
is being made by the travel industry area contributes and improvement of society the business
works inside. This incorporates infrastructural improvement just as setting venture that helps in
general advancement of the economy. It is the job of associations like UNWTO to set up the
significance of social orders moral contemplations also. The travel industry in Bulgaria probably
won't have accomplished such incredible responsibility if not for the ethical set of principles set
via search association.
Conservative - The travel industry area in Bulgaria is likewise answerable for getting a
tremendous measure of unfamiliar direct interest into the country. This venture is helpful in
various folds. It helps being developed of generally speaking economy which additionally
support for the advancement of the travel industry area. This further aides the travel industry area
in securing of such innovations that helps in procurement of most practical advancements to save
the climate just as reestablish the harm incurred upon it.
TASK 2
P3 Exploration of purpose and principles of tourism development and planning to minimise the
adverse effects of tourism
Management is a tool that can be considered as the main channel through which
development of sustainable tourism can be achieved. In Bulgaria, following are the
principles those are used to minimise the negative impact on environment:
 Using resources sustainably: This is the universal fact, that needs and wants are
always unlimited and on other hand, resources are always limited. Therefore, it
becomes mandatory that these resources are utilised in optimum manner. In context
of present scenario, continuous increasing burden of tourism is continuously
harming the environment and thus, natural resources, like, crude oil, quality of air
due to increasing pollution is being increased cause of concern. Moreover, tourism

development also has a major concern, that to accommodate tourists, it is important
to have attractive hospitality places, for which deforestation is increasing and it
forms a major part of concern. This principle will focus upon using available
resources in sustainable manner.
 Reducing over-consumption and waste - It is the key principle of tourism industry
to keep a check on over consumption and wastage of precious resources. Over
consumption of resources like land slowly erodes the overall quality e of the
associated resource. In tourism sector people come from all over the globe in order
to ease up their mind and therefore ends up wasting a lot of resources at their
offensive vacations and therefore it is responsibility of tourism industry in order to
keep a check on wastage so that the values associated with the sustainability in the
sector are taken into consideration.
 Supporting local economies - One of the major principles of tourism development
that is to be undertaken by every organisation is supporting the local economy in
the associated market. This support can be provided by raising funding and
investing in infrastructural development. When tourism of a place hikes the local
market that operates within those geographical boundaries also get benefited and it
comes deep within the ethical consideration of the tourism sector in order to help
them grow further.
P4 Evaluation of the process of tourism development and planning and challenges along with
problems associated with it
In order have effective planning tourism development is to enhance business scale by
providing higher share to international markets. This is vital in order to evaluate final outcomes
in processes. The appropriate evaluation is taking out various outcomes those are helpful in
minimising barriers and problems due to which tasks can be accomplished. In this process tourist
development is defined as under:
Recognising market trends:
The primal step is to analyse and examine taste and demands of market and overall
preferences as well. Within this step wide view is undertaken in order to recognise alterations in
market which have taken place. After examining market inclinations future management and
planning opportunities are exerted due to which prominent outcomes are being analysed within

current market trends (Fennell, 2019). Bulgarians should identify the trends in the market in
such a way which interests high number of tourists by improving infrastructure, cleanliness, etc.
Setting objectives:
This stage is related with analysing objectives and modifications which are required within a
business so as to align with market trends and settings. The appropriate terms of goal setting is
related with presenting aspects to evaluate market condition of the business. People of Bulgaria
need to set some goals and objectives for the development of tourism that should be achieved for
the betterment of the country and its popularity
Implementing strategies:
The third and the most vital stage is related with proper planning in which strategies are
devised and implemented in the same manner. Within this planning process under tourism
development various effective strategies are developed and the same are formulated in such a
way that effective outcomes can be attained by utilising operational activities. Thus this can be
said that these styles are implicated in such a way that market trends and objectives can be
aligned in the same direction.
Making changes in the method of promotions:
The last step is linked with discussing different alternatives which are used for promotions.
These are the methods which can be used by organisation in order to deal with approaches which
are creating healthy interactions with potential visitors (Hossain and Khanal, 2020).
M2 Different approaches or method to make plan for tourism sector
In order to focus on the development of the tourism, different methods and approaches are been
used for its sustainable development. Such strategy is helping with making assortment with
required data to make arrangement. This is to be utilized by Bulgaria the travel industry which
makes investigation to be done at different stages in more fitting way. Various methodologies
spinning around economical the travel industry advancement it incorporates assortment of
information and building up the game-plan likewise. The gathered information is utilized to
design the travel industry improvement utilizing the accompanying four methodologies.
Boosterism - This specific methodology move around the travel industry development, to be set
up such that it benefits the related host objective. Moreover it is liable for increasing the
expectations to that specific objective and furthermore improve the general quality, particularly

in non-industrial nations. This methodology rotates around updated infrastructural offices,
medical care administrations, transportation benefits, and better nature of products in food.
Financial or economic - The subsequent methodology related with the travel industry is thinking
about the monetary business situated elements. This specific methodology centers around the
monetary perspectives related with the travel industry and proficient and viable utilization of
limited assets to produce, much pay and business advantage for the nearby networks and in this
manner objective is accomplished. Furthermore this thought is additionally useful in the
generally monetary improvement of related host country.
Physical/spatial - This unit of the travel industry is focusing on rotates around utilizing assets so
that it limits the negative effect related with the travel industry on actual climate. This aides in
accomplishment of maintainability as it upgrades deprotection towards climate on account of less
actual land being utilized.
Community oriented - Local people group are considered while focusing on the arrangement of
the travel industry advancement inside commercial center. The moral thought just as the current
manageability strategies that are embraced by nearby networks are to be regarded and
contemplated while focusing on travel industry improvement in the project of commercial center.
D2 Assess various methods to tourism improvement and planning to assess and also justify the
rationale for monitoring and controlling sustainable performance
In tourism industry, there are various approaches that are being adopted so as to monitor and
control its performance. The approaches that are taken into consideration while establishing the
outline for monitoring of sustainable performance are boosterism, economic, physical and
community-oriented development strategies. First discussing about the approach of Boosterism,
this approach is focusing upon development of infrastructure and transportation facilities in the
place. Moreover, this approach will focus upon development of healthcare sector as well. Next in
the line is economic approach, it focuses upon making tourism useful for the local community
sector of the country. Physical approach make it possible to prepare an infrastructure in such a
way that major space is allocated for sustainable purpose and also environment is protected
through less usage of land in modern facilities. In last, community oriented goals, it is to be
stated that a continuous monitoring session is being activated which keeps on checking that
development is not done at the cost of ethical values of local community related with tourism
sector (Evaluating tourism policies and trends, 2012).

TASK 3
P5 Investigate the impacts of tourism activity generated by a specific tourism attraction from an
economic, social, cultural and environmental perspective.
There are two major dimensions within tourism industry in which one can draw positive
impacts over the industry and other one can lead to provide positive aspects as well (Nurjaya,
2018). Within this project this is being analysed that Bulgaria is a prominent tourist location
which is known for their beauty and heritage. The impacts over various factors are enlisted as
below:
Socio-cultural: These are helpful in enhancing tourist destination for Bulgaria as socio-
cultural factors are linked with behaviour of people. Due to this necessary services can be
provided to in which living standards of people can be can enhanced. This results in providing
direct implication to individual as in context of culture and individual person as well. Another
issue is associated with problem of pollution within housing (Hassan and Kokkranikal, 2018).
Environmental: This is the factor which is inhaled by tourist destination existed within
the globe. This is the segment which is affected by different activities that are providing natural
impacts to surroundings. The primary issue faced by Bulgaria is that the country is facing
problem of population and pollution. This is the reason that country is facing issues in climate
changing. These are examined that these aspects are drawing procedural impact over goals of the
industry in which targets can be attained in proper manner.
Economical: Sector of tourism is associated with different benefits related to economic
aspect and in this manner prominence is received within global manner. This is being determined
that stable economic conditions are necessary due to which tourist places can be renowned in
appropriate manner. This is the reason that administration and managerial authority is required to
get advantages which are helpful in gaining tourism growth and advancements (Bošković,
Vujičić and Ristić, 2020).
P6 Discuss principles of sustainable tourism
Sustainable tourism management is helpful in rising development within this sector and
the same is evolving within a period of time. For business context tourism market is managed
and importance is attained so that objectives can be aligned with changing situation. This is
highly essential to emphasis over sustainable tourism as this could lead in increasing functions in

effective manner. Principles of sustainable tourism are helpful in order to get benefits which are
being enlisted as below:
Reducing environmental impacts: This is one of the major aspects which is associated
with industry of tourism and can provide appropriate impact over the environment. For instance
this is being analysed that appropriate precautions are to be taken so that harm can be minimised
to habitants of Bulgaria.
Using resource efficiently- This is another principal for sustainable tourism in which it
depicts about that tourism industries should use resources in both physical as well as natural
resources in efficiently so that business is increased at large scale. By using resources effective
and efficient way, it is easy for them to achieve future growth and development at rapid scale. In
viewpoint of Bulgaria tourism industry, prior to the using of resources and market analysis and
research procedure through which information about how and at what level they can use
resources effectively.
Involving local communities: This is known as the other principles which are focused on
local communities due to which prominent quality can be attained in a way that environmental
benefits can be established. In context of Bulgaria in which they are implementing various
campaigning in order to provide positive relationship with each other.
Undertaking research: This principle is stated as most essential within tourism industry in
which reliable information can be collected and the same can be applied in desired manner. In
addition to this, consulting in between tourism industry in which institution and may have get
power to resolve conflicts of interest which could deal in treating the objectives in prominent
manner (Lőrincz, Banász and Csapó, 2020).
M3 Discuss contributions of several stakeholders in developing sustainable tourism practices.
There are varied types of stakeholders such as government, investors and tourists. These
are responsible for providing proper planning implementation that could be used in effective
manner. Some of key stakeholders are explained in brief as below:
 Tourist: These are major part of the process as they are contributing in taking care of the
destination that they are visiting. They should take care of the fact that they are not
disturbing any natural cycle in the place. This will reduce the hazardous impact on
environment.

 Government: They play the most important role by launching programs which support
the idea of sustainability. To illustrate some of the environment protection acts as the
evidence for this point. These programs are focused towards achieving optimum
utilization of resources and also researching about innovative ideas so as to protect
environment from heavy burden of tourists.
 Non-governmental societies. Some of the institutions are set up with the main motive of
supporting any idea. To protect environment is one of the main purposes for what these
organizations are being working. For example, Za Zemiata (For the Earth) is a Bulgarian
environmental non-governmental organization determined to work for self-sustainable
lifestyles, for responsible personal and political decisions for our planet, while combating
exploitation of people and nature (Environmental association, 2021).
D3 Assess the significance of involvement of stakeholder as well as partnership in reducing
negative effect to meet whole sustainable objectives.
Stakeholder’s plays vital role of in tourist sector in Iceland, which involves employee,
administration, investors and staff members. Management employee creates effective work for
the organization and done in significant manner. So, members are looks forward to enhance
growth of tourism industry for Iceland to acquire success in high rate. The main objective of
tourism management is to analyse those events which holds relation with travel and tourism. As
per this, various tasks are been dealt with both direct and indirect manner which makes tourism
ventures to attract customers that makes development of strong customer base possible. The
country taken in this report is Bulgaria which makes tasks to be completed in direct and indirect
manner which makes large customers to base to be formed for Tourism industry of Bulgaria. It
enhances business cycle of tourism to be enhanced in country like Bulgaria.

TASK 4
P7 Examine development & management of sustainability in different tourism destinations
In the context for market and business sustainability is the essential aspect which is
considered as the primal aspect within industry of tourism and the same can create different
survival opportunities as well. Therefore in order to understand these concepts thoroughly two
major destinations has been selected which is Bulgaria and Costa Rica. Due to various
uncertainties events and situations are exerted within industry of tourism and the same are
elaborated as under:
Bulgaria: Bulgaria is regarded as one of the prominent location for tourist as the location
is known for their heritage and diversity within culture. There are different reasons due to which
Bulgaria is visited by people such as due to cultural diversification, natural heritage, value
prosperity and many more. Besides the country is promoting green tourism which is also major
reason for higher visitors in the country. Besides this the tourist location is facing issues such as
of lowering resources, pollution and many more (Sevinç and Güzel, 2017). To support the idea
of sustainability in the place, the regulating authorities is taking steps like green tourism, which
will focus on promoting optimum utilization of resources.
Costa Rica: Costa Rica is a very beautiful place which is known for their nightlife,
gardens and natural scenic beauty. Besides this people are spending high in lifestyle within Costa
Rica and this is the major reason that the place is known for entertainment and enjoyment. On
the other hand the place is putting various efforts in order to make their tourists happy and joyful.
They also try to ensure that visitor turnover tend to be high so that to provide positive impact to
their tourism. The place is dealing with major issues of climate change and negative environment
impacts. For this purpose, country is planning to restrict number of visitors at a time so that
hazards can be limited. In addition to this, it is planning to focus more on environmental
protection act and its policies.
M4 Analyse success or failure of management of sustainable tourism development in selected
destinations
Bulgaria: The factors of sustainability within Bulgaria are due to the reason of that the place is
investing high in researching about making their destinations attractive. This will make the place
more attractive and will be reflected upon higher number of tourists to the place. This will also
place a burden on the ecological balance of the place.

Failure: Due to exploitation of resources higher impact over survival is drawn. In addition
to this, disturbed ecological balance will also be harmful for the concept of sustainable tourism
development.
Costa Rica: In the context of Costa Rica managing opportunities within tourism is the major
aspect in which development can be made by the place. Authorities are just focusing on
increasing the number of visitors in the place. This is completely resulting in failure of the idea
of sustainable tourism.
Failure: Availability of limited resources in which limitations are exhibited.
Furthermore, residents are facing it difficult to cope up with the issue of limited natural
resources.
D4 Provide recommendations for increasing sustainable administration and improvement
management for a range of tourist destinations worldwide.
As the tourist that one goes for visit is home for other people so it is better to receive
smartness to guard the spot. So don't do illegal things there, utilize recyclable packs, lessen
utilization of carbon impressions and backing the estimates that are taken by the regulating
authorities of the place. There are number of arrangements which can be utilized by the authority
to accomplish proper within sustainable tourism and developing destinations worldwide. There
are different recommendations which are given to administration and the same are elaborated as
under:
 They need to provide distinct facilities to visitors in relation to sustainable management.
 They are required to adopt services which are associated with improvement in sustainable
manner.
 They may use such practices by which sustainable improvement can be promoted.
CONCLUSION
From the above detailed report this can be summarised that responsible tourism is dependent
on factors of individual, in this it has been defined that how an individual, visitor or the small
business interact with a destination. Besides this sustainable improvements within tourism are
highly required as they could lead in managing mission and vision of the destination in
appropriate manner. Tourism is a sector which is fast growing industry which is totally

dependent over destinations and visitors and their improvement is necessary in order to provide
economic benefits to the nation.

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