Sustainable Operations and Destinations in the Tourism Industry

This essay delves into the realm of sustainable operations and destinations within the tourism and hospitality sector. It begins by defining sustainable economies and development, emphasizing the industry's rapid global growth and its susceptibility to demand and supply dynamics. The essay explores how investment reception in destinations depends on regulations and legal procedures, as well as market forces. It also classifies tourists based on their needs, motivations, and experiences, referencing theories by scholars such as Butler and Cohen. The discussion covers various tourist categories, including explorers, elites, and mass tourists, as well as the impact of tourism on destination development and the importance of sustainability, human resources, and environmental awareness. The essay concludes by underscoring the need for increased awareness of tourism theories among policymakers, advocating for further research and skilled manpower to enhance theoretical orientation and practical application in the tourism industry. The essay also discusses the tourism development from rural to urban tourism, foreign exchange, and the role of governments and organizations in promoting tourism and hospitality.

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SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 2
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
Sustainability of economy involves ability of the current economic status to improve the
livelihood of a place within a specific time and also its future development; sustainable
development is the growth of a community or a country.
Tourism and hospitality has become a fast growing industry globally, it’s referred to as pure
economics because it is also affected by changes in demand and supply factors (Spirou, 2010).
Tourism has gained a lot of global market hence hospitality because of high demands from
tourists.
Looking at the sustainable economies and development considering destinations cycle, you find
that the reception of the investment in the area depends on its demand; if it is high the
sustainability will also cater the current situation and also the coming generation (Mohammed &
Sheriff, 2010). This reception depends also on the regulations in the country of investment, too
much regulations and long procedures of legalization makes investors give up.
Countries with strict regulations and long legal procedures receive less investors in the country;
this is because it is costly when the processes take longer time to be approved. In the present day
life, tourism is basically graded as a consumer product in the normal interpretation which is
deterrmined by market forces of demand and supply mechanisms. The various intermediaries of
retail outlet helps in attaining the ever growing demand and supply in tourism sector (Maslow,
2013). Since the community in the tourism sector basic requirement such that domestic and
international tourists are equally valued. It is no longer a luxury whick initially used to beleft to
the rich merchants alone.tourism as a business enterprise has a number of aspects which
impacted in the tourism industry proliferatio. These factors are among other leisure time
availability that provide quality time for exploring new environments, increase in revenue of
middle class individuals. Thre has been great development in terms of financial growth that has
contributed to the high rise in tourism sector all over the globe. Therefore, the various theories of
tourism relate closely to the practices that mainly relate to role, motivations and tourist
experiences.
The main way to classify tourists could be based on the needs of the tourist. In this category,
touriost fraternity therefore fall under two main categories. That is, tourists and travellers.

SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 3
In the past, a lot of people would prefer their own means of transport for long distances. This
could not fall under tourism since there was no tour guiding. Their main aim was to reach their
destination without involving themselves in adventorous activities. This hindered the aspect of
tourism since they could not explore important areas of entertainment. They would do all this
movements and travelling for days without consultations. Typically, a tourist is an individual
who travel or move from one environment to the next so as to satisfy their interests in adventure.
These cohort of tourists mainly relie on tour guides and other agenmts so as to direct them to
their best areas of interests (Maslow, 2011). These agents generate a lot of wealth as they direct
the tourists on their way or on their trips. For instance, tourists would travel to gain certain skills
and knowledge on their culture which actually lay a base of motivation to these tourists. Again,
some analytical skills such as observation and interpretation can be attained.
There are a number ofgreat scolars who have emaciated great theories concerning tourism sector.
These theories have been useful for tourism development and classification. For that matter, this
particular aspect have greatly defined the major reason for their travel and adventure. Therefore,
a tourist can be broadly defined as an explorer (Richard, 2013). There are other categories of
tourists. They are commonly known as the elites and the other corresponding category is called
offbeat tourists. These cohort is known to adventure with the major aim of attaining knowledge
and getting away from increasing huge population commonly referred as the offbeat tourists.
Tourists can again be classified on the basis od demand which apparently describe their main
reason of adventure. This particular classification can be applied to greatly find out the tasks and
as well determine the need of a particular group of tourists.
Again, there is yet another classification of tourist that is basedon the requirements of the
tourists. This is used to satisfy their great desire for recreation and also for some experimental
reasons (Marylene, 2014). In addition, another classification can also be based on motivation in
which travelling help in prediction of what the consumer really require. A theory based on
psychology of tourist was conducted to find out the tourist’s attitude towards travel and
adventure.there is also a cohort of tourists who risk by searching for strange places of adventure.
There is also another group of tourists who like places and areas of adventure they are already
familiar with. They are broadly classified and termed as psycho-centric tourists. The undelying
assumption to this is that different types of tourists basing on their interests prefer different

SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 4
places. Many trourists prefer going for holidays for a short distant places. Therefore, in most
developed nations, these cohort is in great proximity to areas with high populations. This is
where most tourist destinations are usually located. Mostly in the urban cities where we have
urban tourism.
However, we find that recently many of the remote areas are acting as good tourist attraction
centres and sites. This is because people in these areas are developing as well as developing
trhese areas at a greater rate in comparison to areas with high populations. Another theory
developed or initiarted by great scholar known as Erick Cohen suggested that there are several
major tourists classifications (Rothfuss, 2008). There are those tourists who are known to
adventure in large cohorts guided by a tour guide. Another cohort of tourist is that organized
groups of tourists who are known to apply the same facilities used by the organized mass
tourists. Nevertheless, this cohort of tourist makes their decisions based on their activities and
other tasks related to their adventure. This cohort of tourist is known to live longer than all the
other cohorts of tourists. The major idea depicted from the above is that, if a huge number of
tourists prefer one area of adventure to the other area (Ryan & Deci, 2017). This would greatly
cause hatred among the people in those areas affected by such underlying scenerio. In addition, if
hatred seems to take the better part of the locals, then the number of tourists may reduce due to
hostility from the two areas. This may reduce the rate of growth in those areas.
The other group tourists are the indiviual cohort mass tourists who apply similar facilities just
like organized mass tourists, however, the main difference is based on decision making
(Piasecki, 2009). This cohort makes many individual based decisions and judgement regarding
their tasks and adventure. There are also the explorers and the drifters respectively. These
explorers would oftenly plan their own travels, meet and interact with the area drifters so as to
avoid all contact with many cohort of tourists and leave with the local tourists in their main area
ofd adventure (Marylene, 2014). This category of tourists survive longer than the other groups
whose life expectancy is lower.
This cohort of tourist is known to live longer than all the other cohorts of tourists. The major idea
depicted from the above is that, if a huge number of tourists prefer one area of adventure to the
other area. The various intermediaries of retail outlet helps in attaining the ever growing demand
and supply in tourism sector (Latham, 2010). Since the community in the tourism sector basic

SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 5
requirement such that domestic and international tourists are equally valued. It is no longer a
luxury whick initially used to beleft to the rich merchants alone.tourism as a business enterprise
has a number of aspects which impacted in the tourism industry proliferation
Butler asserted a model whereby, a tourism destination grown over time as a result of many
aspects. Destination is a crucial and essential aspect in tourism. A destination may be defined
typically as a product and is marketed to its consumers. Just like all other goods and services,
destinations for many tourists have a life steps and procedure that cycle around a given partern
(Myerson, 2012). Butler suggested a model for tourism adventure life cycle that he
demonstrated how a destination starts as a relatively unfamiliar place and visitors initially come
in diminishing fractions because of in adequate access channels, facilities and local skill and
underlying knowledge.
The main idea in Butler's model was that, proper remedial and planning of action by the tourists
can assist in arresting the failure in resorts and tourism infrastructure.
One of the main bottleneck which the World Tourism Organization asserted in its Global
Forecasts and beyond is the issue of sustainability in tourism and hospitality, which positively
and perfectly correlate to the absorptive capacity of an economy with respect to tourism.
This not only fail to refer to the physical capacity but also to the capacity of a particular area of
adventure to give tourism infrastructure, pool of investments resources, human resource, and
natural resources.
While human resource would not be a constraint, other natural resources might be (Muller,
2011). The theory of tourism sustainability and empowerment therefore off late has become of
importance relevance,that is crucial in promoting environmental awareness and improve tourism
industry all over the globe.
Apart from the environmental issues, a burning issue arise. This might emerge as an impediment
is inadequate trained skilled manpower to deliver value additions.
In conclusion, it can be asserted that, although many tourism theories have been documented by
many scholars to find out the roles and tasks, the features of tourists to improve the industry and
the entire economy (Richard, 2014). There is inadequate awareness concerning these theories
amidst the policy makers. Tourism sector is still one of those sectors, which are regulated by

SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 6
government legal formalities (Latham, 2010). There are many types of conceptual and theoretical
approaches to tourism sector and its sustainability, that have to be tested in reality. There is a
further need for more areas of studies and employment of skilled manpower in conducting the
analytical research, which will assist in achievement of greater theoretical orientation and
practical application.
The tourism sector has been developing at a great rate. The huge increase in population have a
big effect on the industry, but the numbers of tourists worldwide are expected to be twice as
time elapses.
Keeping on record with the changing times, consumer demands will also change, more
categories based on growing needs of tourists might appear (Klosterboer, 2011). Tourism has
enabled the destination and sustainability of many participants in the entire globe. It is important
to note that tourism sector has developed from the rural to urban tourism such that in the early
50’s, the development of tourism had not been realized up to early 80’s towards late 90’s
(Harding, 2014). This has enabled many stakeholders to attain a lot of wealth in this sector. This
rapid growth in tourism sector has also enabled the development of new tourism product in the
various sections. Foreign exchange has also been one of the areas highly positively favored by
tourism. This has enabled many countries to generate realizable revenue over short time and also
able to maintain the environment.
In conclusion, it is important to appreciate the outstanding work played by tourism sector. With
great perfect positive correlation with hospitality, these two sectors are ranked among the very
best in employing young minds who tend to be innovative and make them realize their potential.
Again, many organizations have gathered together to promote this sector (Grummit, 2007).
Many governments have enacted policies that have promoted tourism and hospitality. The major
tariffs have been removed to ensure concrete relationship among all the stakeholders involved in
hospitality and tourism in general. This paper therefore aim at driving the motive that hospitality
and tourism have become one of the pillars of the economy.

SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 7
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