Sustainable Tourism Development: Philippines Case Study Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainable tourism development in the Philippines, addressing various facets of the industry. The report begins by discussing stakeholder benefits derived from tourism planning, examining advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector partnerships, and analyzing tourism development planning at different levels. It further evaluates interactive planning systems, methods for measuring tourist impact, and the significance of sustainability in tourism development. The report also delves into factors hindering sustainable tourism, stages of planning for sustainability, and methods for resolving conflicts of interest. Additionally, it analyzes the implications of balancing supply and demand, evaluates ethical issues of enclave tourism, and compares current tourism issues in a developing country and an emerging destination. The report utilizes the Philippines as a case study throughout, incorporating relevant examples and data to support its findings. The report is well-structured, including references and provides a solid foundation for understanding the complexities of sustainable tourism development in the Philippines.

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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Contents
Task 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
P1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments concerning the
Philippines case study..............................................................................................................................3
P1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnerships
drawing on the Philippines case study.....................................................................................................4
Advantages..........................................................................................................................................4
Disadvantages......................................................................................................................................5
Task 2..........................................................................................................................................................6
P2.1 Analyze features of tourism development planning at different levels concerning the Philippines
case study................................................................................................................................................6
P2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism development
concerning the Philippines case study.....................................................................................................7
P2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact concerning Philippines case study8
TASK 3........................................................................................................................................................10
3.1. Introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development with reference to
Philippines sustainable tourism development in a Poster Format.........................................................10
3.2 Factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development with reference to the
Philippines in a Poster format................................................................................................................10
3.3 Different stages in planning for sustainability with reference to the Philippines and create a Leaflet
for the government...............................................................................................................................11
TASK 4........................................................................................................................................................12
4.1. Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a
developing tourism destination such as Philippines Case......................................................................12
Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to the Philippines Case......14
4.3. Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in the Philippines Case study................15
TASK 5........................................................................................................................................................16
5.1. Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an
emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different. Your article should be professionally
presented such as using comparative tables.........................................................................................16
References.................................................................................................................................................20
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Task 1
P1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments concerning
the Philippines case study
According to a member of Philippines Tourism Development team, tourism is a complex
phenomenon and a powerful economic force which helps a nation to increase the economic
infrastructure. The stakeholder theory has a multidisciplinary character along with the tourism
development of a country. The reason behind this is that it tackles with economical, sociological
and psychological problems. According to the managerial viewpoint, efficient stakeholder
management not only has to deal with these groups that can impact the project but also with the
groups that the project can affect. During the planning process of Philippines Tourism
Development, the stakeholders experience certain benefits from the organization on which they
are working (Tribe and Airey, 2007). During a tourism planning process, careful considerations
need to be given. Bramwell stated that the power of stakeholders is frequently unequal. He also
pointed out that the power governs the interaction of the individuals, agencies, and organizations
from influencing the formulation of tourism policy. Moreover, specific stakeholders of
Philippines Tourism Development team have the political and financial basis to implement more
power over positive planning stages of a particular tourism project. The stakeholders can provide
more input when certain decisions are being made (Gartner and Mihalič, 2013) .
On the other hand, stakeholders of Philippines Tourism Development team provide other
benefits such as tourism demand, regulation, and supply, management of tourism impacts,
human resource and so on. They impose a correlation between the objectives of tourism
stakeholder management as well as the implementation of sustainable tourism. Besides that,
sustainable tourism strategies levy a challenge for the acceptance and application among
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stakeholders with already delicate collective curiosity and partnership mechanism. Aside from,
many stakeholders might not initially identify themselves as stakeholders (Seba, 2012). The
involvement of stakeholders in Philippines Tourism Development team leads to community
participation. Community engagement has benefits in tourism development such as social
satisfactoriness and project sustainability, more flexible delivery of project benefits and greater
resource conscription. Apart from these, the involvement of appropriate and proper stakeholders
in tourism development team leads to the generation of new ideas, increase of trust between all
the stakeholder groups, improved quality, and acceptability of the decisions, reduction of
lawsuits and conflicts and promotion of shared resources and responsibilities.
P1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning
partnerships drawing on the Philippines case study
Advantages
Public treasury reduction: Public/private sector tourism planning process partnerships can lead
to the reduction of capital demands on the public treasury for the development of infrastructure.
Consequently, it may become necessary to the country's membership of the European Union.
Moreover, public/private partnerships will provide the government more independence to spend
on other non-infrastructural savings in the short term (McCool, 2009). Conversely, one has to
realize that public/private partnerships are in fact posting bills to the future. On the other hand,
civil work will be transferred from private sector ownership to the property of public sector after
several years. Consequently, the government has to pay for this transfer. The government of
Philippines will have additional cost even if the transfer is free. The government has to pay for
the maintenance cost.
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Cost Efficiencies: Public/private sector tourism planning process partnerships can lead to cost
efficiencies. Cost efficiencies are the results of an improved proportion of risk transfer, increased
competition, enhanced innovation and a closer assimilation of the different aspects of a project
(Saxena, 2013). In a long run process, significant cost savings can be obtained by assimilating
delivery of services as well as a capital investment because maintenance will be measured when
the resources are designed to increase efficiency. The departure of standards is another reason for
the creation of cost efficiencies.
Disadvantages
Culture Gap: A culture gap exists between the public and the private sectors. Due to this culture
gap, a loss of confidence may occur between each other. The intention of the private sector is to
take part in a public/private partnership which is a profit-making process. On the other hand, the
motive of the public sector is simply social attractiveness. Different discount rates used by public
and private sector is another example of the culture gap (Kikuchi, 2007). The culture gap must be
reduced to let the discount rates become comparable. Impractical and low-cost comparison
processes can subsidize to slow implementation of public/private partnerships. The conflict due
to culture gap between public and private tourism development team of Philippines can lead to
the loss of customers. In future, Philippines may become a place of desolation for the tourist.
Inefficiencies: Long-term operating contracts results in value for money. Still, they can also
cause inefficiencies due to lack of competition as well as contestability. Moreover, the terms of
contracts are crucial (Azara, 2015). The public sector has to remain its position as a customer and
identify the services it requires. During the operation phase, inefficiencies may be created due to
lack of competition and contestability.
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Task 2
P2.1 Analyze features of tourism development planning at different levels concerning the
Philippines case study
Tourism planning is an important function for achieving the objectives of tourism development.
Moreover, planning is concerned with the elaboration of vision as well as setting up the targets
for future purpose. According to many authors, tourism planning depends on their concerns on
various aspects of tourism planning process. Getz stated that tourism planning is a procedure
which seeks for improving the well-beings of residents and maintains the environment along
with the possible involvement of tourism industry (George, Mair and Reid, 2009). Besides that,
the development planning of tourism industry could help to accomplish a long-term sustainable
development of Philippines tourist destination that ensures the culture, natural as well as other
resources of tourism are preserved for the future purpose. There are various features of tourism
development at different levels, and these are described below:
National Tourism Planning: Several elements such as tourism policy, other major
infrastructure, physical structure plan, major routes of the tour in the country and other regional
connections, strategies of tourism marketing, investment and legislation policies, organizational
structures of tourism where national planning is focused upon. The national planning is also
focused on elements like training and education programs, socio-cultural environment, design
standards and facility development, national implementation techniques, and impact analysis
(Swarbrooke, 2002).
International Tourism Planning: The particular planning is concerned mostly with the
international transportation services, tour and flow programming of tourist among various
countries and supportive activities take place at the international level with the aid of
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international organizations. International tourism planning occurs in the international arena. The
tourism organizations take care of the international customers coming from different parts of the
world.
Regional Level and local tourism planning: Regional level of tourism planning is concerned
with one region of the country. For example, an island group or a state of the province. It is
formulated with the system of the national tourism plan as well as policy (Cárdenas-García and
Sánchez-Rivero, 2013). The local government also supplies funding for local tourism for
maintaining the infrastructure and implementing the community planning like basic services,
promotion of the beautiful area, maintenance of public infrastructure and training programs on
the regional level.
P2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development concerning the Philippines case study
Tourism evolution licenses on various issues to the local community, for example, traffic
congestion, overcrowding destination, socio-social debasement as well as mega-events and
superstructure. Aside from, most of these issues can be attributed to the unrestrictive tourism
policies and lack of planning, though a couple of destinations have benefitted from tourism
change with no prior planning. The bigger piece of countries has organized tourism development
courses of strategy and action. However, some of these plans and strategies can be moderately
executed due to nonappearance of the instinctive planning system (Kozak and Kozak, 2014).
Additionally, the importance of wise course of action is to guarantee that all level of affiliation,
gatherings, and tourist get incorporate to the plan to keep up an essential separation from over
spending, constraining the negative impact on neighborhood assemblies and boosting the
potential of the journey’s end. Based on conventional planning system Gunn (1988) suggest that
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it has over and over been arranged just to a course of action, too uncertain and all equivocal from
the budgets, pointless from data to be transported (Baggio, 2013). The clarification behind this
will be better decisions can become to by strategy for a participative method, if it is
fundamentally more troublesome and requires more effort and thought from both open and
private money related experts. Rather than conventional planning, Gunn (1994) proposes natural
planning, suggesting that synergistic, co-specialist and participatory planning must be fused into
the hidden propose, all organized comparable, and the breaker of the area gathering's evaluations
and desires in the planning technique must be realized.
The particular course of action system in highlight does not infer that general thoughts and
research by master coordinators are surrendered (Tourism development in Europe, 2007). Then
again perhaps, it understands that various distinctive individuals have experiences, sentiments
and significant proposals in the planning method. Extreme decisions have an incomprehensibly
enhanced probability of being completed if publics have been incorporated. Accordingly, the
instinctive plan proposes system allows the most astounding purpose of progression structure
participate in close-by gatherings and customary individuals the will be prompt associated with
tourism, for the better execution of courses of action.
P2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact concerning Philippines case
study
In Philippines Tourism industry, there are various methods available for measuring the impact of
tourism. The measurement is important for avoiding mass depreciation of economic,
environmental and socio-cultural impacts in destinations and attractions. The different methods
are described below:
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Economic Methods: From the research, it has been found that the development is mainly
connected with the economic affluence. So, the most frequently used methods in tourism
research have been concerned with the economic impacts. Cambridge model and Steam model
are the two largest models available for estimating the value, impact, and volume of tourism
(Matias, Nijkamp and Sarmento, 2013). The steam model deals with the measurement of tourism
from the bottom up using local supply side tourism and data performance as well as visitor
survey data collection. On the other hand, Cambridge model allows easy access for maintaining
the national survey, and it provides a lower cost.
Environmental Methods: This sort of estimation intends to survey average costs, and various
countries have consolidated into their authorization the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
for their tourism wanders. Also, the objective is to foresee the characteristic after effects of a
proposed change activity, to ensure that potential threats are age and basic measures to avoid or
remunerate the inherent risks are perceived (Jamal and Robinson, 2009). Besides that, the
planning fuses environment looking at the approach induces confinements for common
resources, recognize possible biological issues and conflicts that may impact develop common
sense and local communities and possible intimidating effects on air, water, soil, flora and fauna,
people, cultural sites, and landscapes.
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TASK 3
3.1. Introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism
development with reference to Philippines sustainable tourism
development in a Poster Format.
Tourism is the fastest growing industries in the world and its major source of income comes from
the many countries. This is a people oriented industry it provide jobs to the local people to
energize the economy of the local place. Tourism also has share of problems like other industries
such as loss of heritage culture, social dislocation, economic dependence,
3.2 Factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development
with reference to the Philippines in a Poster format.
Compose 1: Design and study game plan; at this stage there is the need to take decisions for
organizing, that will be incorporated into masterminding process, (occupants, NGOs,
Government, District board, neighborhood business visionaries, tourism pro, shoreline master;
private and open divisions). Describe parts and commitments of each and every one, getting all
accomplices required in the wander remembering the ultimate objective to make the survey
amplify terms of reference and deal with the wander.
Compose 2: Determine destinations and targets; destinations and objective of the change
program are picked, however these are at risk to changes and modification. For example, making
elective sorts of tourism in Philippines, propelling gathering based tourism and social tourism
(social exchange speculation) making characteristic confirmation programs for the zone,
showing voyager and tenants towards able tourism, upgrading security having a masterminding
framework changed in accordance with Philippines needs, thusly plotting methodologies that
will oversee tourism activities of the region.
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Sort out 3: Survey and focus markers for the district of Philippines; endeavor diagrams and have
a load of the present condition. Philippines is known for its; protected lagoon, awesome
shorelines, people (invitingness), its tropical air, shopping workplaces, restaurants, shoreline
resorts and peripheries rich in culture and traditions. These parts should be given marvelous
thought when making plans for tourism. Each objective has its striking qualities and component
setting.
Compose 4: Analysis and Synthesis; once design information are accumulated they ought to be
analised with a particular ultimate objective to have the purpose behind the course of action.
Input got from nearby individuals and assorted accomplices will layout methodologies that will
ensure smooth use of masterminding.
3.3 Different stages in planning for sustainability with reference to the
Philippines and create a Leaflet for the government.
Orchestrate 5: Action organize definition: specifying and layout of plan will be established on
availability and appraisal of choice techniques. Generally masterminding is driven at all levels,
from individual to broad orchestrating. It is fought that tourism organizing applies same thoughts
and approach of general orchestrating.
Mastermind 6&7: Implementation and Monitoring: the game plan will be executed in Philippines
using particular methods. Methodologies are here as tenets to complete organizes however above
all practical correspondence among accomplices is basic. The threat of frustration is lower when
proposition are tended to all accomplices. Common procedures for sensible change, e.g. EIA, has
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been developed by the Government, yet how much it is been totally watched are asking to be
demonstrated wrong when looking situation in Philippines.
TASK 4
4.1. Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the
future wellbeing of a developing tourism destination such as
Philippines Case.
When two parties or more than two parties are engaged together that time the conflicts occurs for
the difference of interests shown by the party. When huge number of stake holders involved
themselves that time the conflicts arise. There are so many stake holders with different interest
and involved themselves with the Philippines tourism development. Government shows the
interest on tourism and also developing the ways of tourism for a good economic growth and for
these reason tour operators engaging themselves in many activity related to tourism for business
growth. The sectors of tourism has a good association with many other industries and they are
working together for developing Philippine’s tourism. There are some points of conflicts are
given below:
1. Tension among the planners: When a successful plan is made to achieve the particular
goal that many planners were involved. In the planning process many stake holders gets
involved themselves those are: Local communities, local authorities and the national
government. The community and the government has different view and this leads to the
conflict among the planners.
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2. Tour operators: The hotels use to collaborate with the tour operators for proving the
hotel service to the guests. The conflict use to take place between the tour operators and
the hotels for giving services in the same hotels.
3. Local Community: During the tome of planning in tourism the local community plays a
vital role because If any modification harm the local people or any changes is required or
not.
4. Relationship between guest and host: The guests should treated with warmth and grace
by the host because this is one of the most important part of tourism. If the guest are
neglected or doesn’t get the good treatment from the host that time the conflict may arise
between the host and the guest. This happens during the peak time of the tourism when
lots of guest arrive in a short time and gets difficult for the host to serve each and every
guest at a same time.
Impact after the conflict
Cultural: Countries cultural image gets badly affected by the conflict for this the economy has
to suffer.
Social: There will be a social impact after the conflict or during the time of conflict with the
party and the tourism development it ruins the image and good will of the country in front of the
guest or the tourist.
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Economical: The economy of the country gets affected by the conflicts which stops the earning
of the country from the tourism department because the tourist will stop visiting after seeing all
those scenario.
Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with
reference to the Philippines Case
Demand
The buyer’s requirement are mainly called the demand. The main demand of the buyers are the
quality of the product and the demand of the product provided by the company.
On the ground tourism demand means how many people or the total heads travelling to place is
the main tourism demand of the particular destination. When the opportunity of the tourism is
increased the demand of the destination is also increased. The demand of the tourism is measured
by testing the simultaneous and frequent consumption of the tourism related product. This shows
that more people are visiting and for that the hotels should arrange more rooms and beds to
accommodate those tourists by providing good foods and restaurant service. The demand of the
tourism is completely based upon the tourist attraction, opportunity, season and competition.
Supply
On the ground of tourism when the supply of all products and attraction is available for the
tourist at the destination is called supply. These are the attraction which fulfils tourism demand.
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The demand of the tourism is supplying attraction shape of the tourism. The tour operators
supply or provide the transport sector, hospitality sector and attraction of the place.
Philippine is the destination where lots of attraction is available for the tourist and it is fruitful
for the tourism department and the tour operators to grow their business. The increase in tourism
and tourist demand says that Philippine’s is a successful place for tour which fulfils the demand
of the tourist and satisfied them. The tourism suppliers of Philippine’s in the sector of tourism
gives proper supplier to the tourist. Supply is the important part of the tourism because if the
supply is not proper a country can lose its touri9sm which will affect the economy of that
country so good supply of every product is required to provide good service to the tourist in that
location.
4.3. Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in the
Philippines Case study.
Enclave tourism
Enclave tourism enclosed the tourist destination and the entire tourist Activity which has been
conducted in that particular enclosed area. The operators do not allow the tourist to go out at the
remote area but give them the experience of tourism and travelling attraction in that enclosed
area. The tourism enclave involves the ships, resort and islands.
On the other hand we can say enclave tourism as customized tourism because the tourist are
getting each and everything what they are demanding in that particular destination.
When the communication between the tourist and the local people get decreased that time the
problem use to arise. This reduces the earning of the local people from the tourism.
The moral and the ethical issues related to enclave tourism are:
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1. In Philippine’s local people does not get any advantage because the tourist are not
allowed to access the enclave areas so there is no interaction between the local people
and the tourist.
2. The cultural and the heritage of the tourism get affected by tourism which is the most
important tourist attraction of Philippines. There are many places where tourist are
restricted to visit because those places are under security of the country and for that
reason people cannot access the historical place. This is another factor where the tourism
reduces.
3. Poor people are cannot earn money properly from the tourism because they use to earn in
an illegal way that are crime and prostitution.
TASK 5
5.1. Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a
developing country and an emerging destination where the impacts of
tourism are different. Your article should be professionally presented
such as using comparative tables.
Different aspects of tourism and its impact.
Economic Impact: The economy of the country gets benefited from the tourism by earning
revenue from the domestic and international tourists. This helps the country to increase the
employment for the people in this sector. The international tourist helps to recognition of the
cultural heritage.
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Social-cultural aspect: Tourism helps the country to raise the standard of living by integrating
the people and culture of different country. The culture of the host country and the population of
the country gets affected by the tourism because the international tourists are bringing different
culture to the country.
Environmental aspect: The cultural heritage and the wildlife gets benefit from the tourism. The
negative point is that the environment of the country gets effected by the tourism.
Tourism in Developing and emerged countries
The economic growth and the development affects the tourism business by the destination and
the country. The impact and the attraction of the tourist are very much different for both the
developed and developing countries. This is the main differences between the emergi9ng country
and the developed countries. The emerging destinations economy is growing faster and the
costing is vary up on the economy but the tourism is not developing as faster as the economy so
they need help from the emerging countries to develop the tourism. Tourism state of the
emerging countries get categorised by the World Bank accordingly. Countries like U.S and U.K.
identified as the developed countries by calculating their per capita income.
Tourism in Nepal: Nepal is a developing nation. Flaura, fauna and the mountains are the main
attraction of that country. The resorts and the hotels are available in reasonable prices to the
tourist and the accommodation is good for which they are successfully providing the service to
the tourist. Traffic and the transportation are the, main drawback of the countries because for the
narrow roads and poor transport facilities. The tourism of Nepal is restricted because for the
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frequent terrorist attack. The government of the country fails to manage this type of the issues
for that reason the tourism of the country is restricted.
Tourism in France: France is among the developed countries and it attracts lots of tourist for its
beauty. France has many attractive destination and that attracts many tourists from worldwide.
Language is the main brier in that place which restricted tourism because each and every thing in
that place are written and given in French so the peoples who do not understand French will face
difficulties to visit that place. The biggest issue in that place is that price of everything is very
high and expensive to shop for the tourist.
5.2. Evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen
destinations as a Magazine Detail.
Recommendation of Nepal
The Nepal’s government should take some initiative to improve the tourism
1. Need to improve the transport facilities
2. Need to construct new ,convenient and better road for transport
3. High security should be provided to the tourist
4. Better accommodation and food facilities should be provided
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5. Nations culture and heritage should be preserved
France
1. All the sign boards should be written in English by the government for the public to make
them understand
2. The language use should be increased so the tourist can communicate with the local
3. Tourist should get government guide facilities.
4. Shopping rates should low down by the government for the tourist to buy and shops.
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