Qatar Tourism: Sustainable Development Planning and Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainable tourism development in Qatar. It begins by discussing the benefits of tourism development planning, highlighting the roles of various stakeholders such as the government, developers, and local communities. The report evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of public-private sector partnerships in Qatar's tourism planning, emphasizing the importance of investment and risk management. It further analyzes the features of tourism development planning at international, national, regional, and local levels within Qatar. The significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism development is also evaluated, alongside different methods for measuring tourist impact. The report justifies the introduction of sustainability in Qatar's tourism development, analyzes factors that may hinder sustainable tourism, and examines the various stages in planning for sustainability. It also evaluates methods for resolving conflicts of interest, analyzes the implications of balancing supply and demand, and evaluates the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Qatar. Finally, the report compares current issues associated with tourism development in Mexico and Qatar and provides recommendations for the future development of tourism in both destinations. Desklib offers a wealth of similar solved assignments and past papers for students.

Running head: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable Tourism Development
Student’s name:
Name of the university:
Author’s note:

1SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 3
Task 1.......................................................................................................................................... 4
P 1.1 Discussing the process of gaining benefit from the planning of tourism development in
Qatar........................................................................................................................................ 4
Task 2.......................................................................................................................................... 7
P 2.1 Analysing features of tourism development planning at different levels in Qatar............7
P 2.2 Evaluating the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in developing
tourism in Qatar....................................................................................................................... 8
P 2.3 Evaluating different methods available to measure tourist impact in Qatar.....................9
Task 3 (Refer to PPT)............................................................................................................... 11
P 3.1 Justifying the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development in
Qatar...................................................................................................................................... 11
P 3.2 Analysing factors that may hinder sustainable tourism development in Qatar..............12
P 3.3 Analysing different stages in planning for sustainability in reference to Qatar..............14
Task 4........................................................................................................................................ 16
P 4.1 Evaluating methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of
Qatar...................................................................................................................................... 16
P 4.2 Analysing the implications of balancing supply and demand in reference to Qatar.........1
P 4.3 Evaluating the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Qatar..............................1
Task 5.......................................................................................................................................... 1
P 5.1 Comparing current issues associated with tourism development in Mexico and Qatar...1

2SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
P 5.2 Evaluating with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen
destinations.............................................................................................................................. 3
Conclusion................................................................................................................................... 4
Reference List............................................................................................................................. 5

3SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
The environment is significant to tourism and natural environment as well as built
environment should be preserved for environmentally sustainable. The tourism destinations
need to be different and they must reflect the community values. The tourism places must
achieve authenticity and they must understand and target the market. The tourism destinations
can enhance the experience of the travellers through adding extra values (Connell 2013). Most
importantly, the tourism destinations can achieve conservation outcomes along with sense of
place through new designs. In this study, the aim is to gain an understanding of tourism and
planning along with the current issue of sustainable tourism and how it can impact on the
tourism. A small case study of Qatar tourism is given, therefore, this study aims to find out the
current trends in the planning of the Qatar tourism. There are five tasks in this study; each of the
tasks will be done in a specific manner.

4SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 1
P 1.1 Discussing the process of gaining benefit from the planning of tourism development in Qatar
In the tourism sector, different stakeholders' objectives come with the same purposes. The planning of tourism
is involved all the parties collaboration and work. In tourism, various stakeholders are local community, tourists,
tourism industry, government, international agencies and various organisations as well as the educational
institutions. Tourism of a place gains lots of benefits to the stakeholders for the host country. Therefore, the
countries are interested to improve to gain sustainable tourism development. As stated by Ghimire (2013), in
sustainable tourism travellers visit the places and they should leave positive impression on the place,
environment and society. The national economy of the country is associated with the sustainable tourism and it
is becoming very common purpose recent time. In Qatar, major stakeholders are the developers, travellers,
government, operators, management, shareholders, employees and private as well as public sector. Sustainable
tourism planning can benefit Qatar. Each of the stakeholders can gain the own return if sustainable tourism
ensues. Sustainable tourism mainly aims at the quality of lives of the travellers and other beneficial aspects of
the tourists. According to Graci (2013), sustainable tourism focuses on the valuable experiences to the quality
life of the local communities and it can take care of the natural environment.
Planning of the sustainable tourism will create more jobs and it will increase the employment opportunity for the
youths. The employees will get an appropriate salary, incentives and wages. The shareholders will get good ROI
and it can encourage the investors to invest more in tourism in Qatar. According to Hall and Page (2012),
sustainable tourism will provide long-term profitability if stakeholders can manage the tourism purposefully. Qatar
has increased tax along with the interest of payment for the nation.

5SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The government of Qatar and tourism agencies take the mission to keep Qatar at the global map of tourism
(Visitqatar.qa 2018). Qatar Tourism Authority (QTA) has already increased the coordination between private and
public partners in the tourism industry. Government of Qatar initiatives will definitely augment the sustainable
development of the country. Qatar is famous for 21 species of mammals and this place is known for Arabian
Oryx and gazelle; largest mammal of Qatar is dugong (Visitqatar.qa 2018). Sustainable development will
eventually protect the conservation of wildlife and landscape. In order to maximise the advantage of the
sustainable tourism, it can make the infrastructure to develop more hospitality sector and consumer protection.
P 1.2 Discussing the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning
partnerships in Qatar
Basic requirements of public-private partnership projects are the stability and selection as well as the evaluation
of correct form of case attachment. Before to engage in private-public partnership, public authority needs to take
a look and assess the relief of economic calculation to justify the advantages, possible treats and efficiency of
foreseeable private-public partnership form. Qatar Tourism Authority (QTA) took the mission to establish firmly
Qatar as the world-class tourism destinations. In the year 2014, Qatar Tourism Authority launched the Qatar
National Tourism Sector Strategy (QNTSS) that searches to diversify the tourism of Qatar increase and offering
the contribution of Qatar’s economy within 2030 (Visitqatar.qa 2018).
A private-public partnership can ensure the necessary investment into the public sector and it can be effective
public resources management. In addition, the private-public partnership can ensure high timely and quality
provision of public services. Moreover, this type of partnership may not be imposed on unforeseen public sectors
extra expenditure.

6SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
As opined by Morrison (2015) private entity can be granted the advantages to gain the long-term remuneration.
In tourism, the appropriate partnership enables to decrease the risk management in finances. Return on
Investment can be better than the traditional partnership and innovative design can be used. QTA works in
collaboration with private and public stakeholders to reach the mission by regulating, planning and promoting the
diverse and sustainable tourism industry (Pablo-Romero and Molina 2013). Government is trying to delimit the
regulation efforts that involve ensuring the tourism sector creation to operate at the highest standards while
perpetuating the culture of Qatar (Visitqatar.qa 2018). Therefore, by enhancing the investment of government, it
can allow the government funding to be redirected to other important socio-economic areas.
On the other side, each private-public partnership does involve with high risk for the private partners that expect
to be compensated when the partners accept the risks. In tourism of Qatar, there are limited numbers of private
entities that are big enough to take the risks. Cost-effective partnering not always possible as profits can vary on
the projects depending on assumed risks, the complexity of the projects and competitive level (Cooper et al.
2018). Sometimes, the expertise of the partnership may heavily lie on the private side; the government can take
the inherent advantage; as instances, Qatar government might be unable to accurately assess the costs of the
proposed planning initiative for the tourism.

7SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 2
P 2.1 Analysing features of tourism development planning at different levels in Qatar
Each of the development processes begins with recognition by regional government and
in consultation with the public-private sector. In order to plan a development plan of tourism;
understanding of the economic, social and environmental features of the area should be well-
known. The participation of the international institutions is also necessary. Qatar Tourism
Authority has been doing excellent work to develop the tourism sector in Qatar and major
objectives of the sustainable tourism are to keep the right balance of economic, social and
environmental development. Sustainable utilisation of the resources, natural elements,
integration of community all is required.
International level: QTA is planning to do the destination branding through participating
the trade shows in international representations. Qatar is doing the rich festivals and events to
attract the tourists. With the presence of many of the international events, QTA representatives
are trying to reach their message to international arena. QTA representative offices are
established in Berlin, Paris, Milan, Singapore, Riyadh and London in order to support the
promotion of Qatar. These representatives office mainly do the tour programme and they
provide information to the travellers. Contemporary development is part of the tourism planning.
As stated by Musinguzi (2016), tourism planning is associated with the place marketing and in
the international market, the country can show some of the places as chosen tourism
destinations. This strategy will attract large numbers of tourists towards Qatar as it has places
like Doha, Al Khor, Al Wakrah, Mesaieed. Most of the places are famous for resorts and beach
parks with Islamic Art.

8SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
National level: In this level, the planning process mainly focuses on the physical
structure as well as the policy of the nation. Qatar develops the plan for adding major national
routes so that the travellers can easily reach from one place to other. New Transit visa now
allows the travellers to enter Qatar for absolutely free and spend for 96 hours between the
flights in the country (Ellis and Sheridan 2014). Apart from the routes, it has started the
programme of Cruise Tourism in Qatar to facilitate disembarkation. In the year of 2016-17,
Qatar confirmed almost 50,000 cruise passengers landed on the seas-shore. In addition,
hospitality ensures the consistent and high standards services according to new grading and
classification system.
Regional and local: In regional level, Qatar is trying to ensure mainly the investment in
order to capitalise the natural attributes. Qatar Tourism Authority identified the six regional hubs
to develop for the tourists. Abu Samra (desert and resort), Al Zubarah (heritage and
archaeology), Doha (urban tourism), Al Thakira (eco-tourism), Khor Al Udaid (adventure and
beach activities) and Zikreet (sports, history and culture); these places are focused for
improvement (Visitqatar.qa 2018). Therefore, the regional government is trying to improve the
condition of internal transport, regional level of education, network, regional policies and
different marketing strategies.
P 2.2 Evaluating the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in
tourism developments
Interactive planning is the process that communicates the participation in the development of
the particular industry and design of the desirable future (Moscardo 2014). Tourism evolution
can bring many issues to the local community and many of the overcrowding destinations,
superstructure, traffic contestation and mega events can cause problems to that place. Martin
and Assenov (2014) stated this many of the problems are the result of the unrestrictive tourism
planning and insufficient systems and policies. On the contrary, some of the destinations get the

9SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
benefit without any tourism planning. Qatar has planned the tourism development planning as
this country is significant for business and many of the sports events. The conventional planning
system is unclear and it is vague from the perspective of the budget and the plan is irrelevant
from the data to be delivered. As suggested by Malek and Costa (2014), interactive planning is
the co-operative, collaborative and participating planning that is included the initial proposal to
direct along with the same line for the benefit of the local community as well. The specific
planning is emphasised along with ordinary concept to have an opinion, experience and
constructive recommendations. Interactive planning makes sure about the communities,
organisations and tourism to get involved to the system to avoid over budget spending and
lower the negative impact on the community (Musinguzi 2017). In Qatar, in the year 2011, Asian
Football Confederation Cup was held. Qatar local communities did not enjoy the benefits from
the mega event as many of the communities had turned into big construction sites and
population may not aware of the purpose. Responsible tourism is about consuming the tourism
facilities in the more responsible way and tourism must minimise the economic, social and
environmental impact (Arabiantravelmarket.wtm 2018). Qatar is expected to organise FIFA
World Cup in 2022 and many of the places are into under construction and corruption may
increase, lack of transparency as well. These incidents will create dissatisfaction within the local
and national levels. Development of the tourism is associated with main preservation,
conservation and new build.
P 2.3 Evaluating different methods available to measure tourist impact
Tourism studies review that development of tourism study can impact on both negative and
positive way through social, environmental and economic aspects. The aim of the planning in
tourism is to evaluate the objective to measure the impacts of economic, social and environment
(Martin and Assenov 2014).

10SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Cambridge Economic Impact Model (STEAM): Cambridge model allows the access to
the major national survey through providing cleat maintenance and cost information to be
collected. This process is very useful essentially for the regional and local authority giving local
database accommodation capacities. The STEAM model was developed in Canada to collect
the idea and information from the local organisations and private sector about the failure and
success of qualities of services and qualities (Saffari et al. 2016). This process helps to collect
the data about visitor survey and tourism performance. Qatar government or QTA can use the
STEAM process to use the quantity the numbers of social and economic influence and the
agencies can get the numbers of visitors through analyse of a variety of contribution of
accommodation, attraction numbers and visitor expenditure as well.
Environmental measure: Environmental measurement aims to calculate the
environmental costs and Qatar has included the legislation regarding Environmental Impact
Assessment for the tourism project. Environmental measure predicts the environmental
consequences to propose the development activity in order to ensure the potential risks and to
recompense the damage to the environment.
Social measure: Socio-cultural measurement of tourism is the most difficult to count as
these data are extremely personal and qualitative based. Methods of collecting the social
information are collecting the information from primary sources and secondary sources through
records, newspapers and public documents (Moscardo 2016).

11SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 3 (Refer to PPT)
P 3.1 Justifying the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development
Sustainability tourism takes full account of recent and future social, economic as well as
environmental influences and it addresses the needs of the travellers, the desires of the tourism
industry and the environment along with host communities. Edgell (2016) supported this by
saying tourism industry is committed to creating a low impact on local culture, environment while
assisting to generate better future employment for the local people. All eyes now on Qatar at
World Travel Market as Qatar have been taking the strategy of sustainable tourism. UNWTO
praised Qatar for taking right initiative on sustainable tourism development and Qatar has made
a sustainable tourism calendar.
Brundtland Report (1987) stated about intergenerational equity as it is the sum of all
needs which are essential for economic growth and equity is encouraged for the citizen
participation (Sustainabletourism.net 2018). This report identified the development of human
resource through poverty reduction, wealth redistribution, gender equality and environmental
conservation. In addition, this report provided mandate of strengthening international
cooperation on developing the environment and to propose a new form of cooperation.
Sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generation to meet their own needs also (Sher et al. 2015). Therefore, the concept of
‘needs' is essential and this should be given.
Triple Bottom Line is the framework that expands the concept of major three
performances of the sustainable organisation. Organisations need to measure the social or
wealth creation, financial performance and environmental responsibility. The triple bottom line
comprises economic, social equity and environmental factors. The triple bottom line can also be

12SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
stated as ‘people, profit and planet' (Cheng and Wu 2015). While acquiring a profit is the clearest
objective of maintaining a business, numerous organisations are additionally grasping the objectives of
dealing with human resources and the planet. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) develops a set of
rules to enable the organisations to report on the social influences on the business (Ruhanen et
al. 2015). Human resources (people) are the social value main concern. From a social
viewpoint, it's tied in with treating workers well and being dynamic in the community.
Organisations with the planet imply currently seeking green strategies that secure nature and
decrease contamination (Jamal and Camargo 2014). The hospitality organisations or the
tourism destinations need to reduce the ecological footprint so that the organisations can
manage the consumption of non-renewable and energy to reduce the manufacturing waste.
Profit will eventually drop by giving quality at a reasonable cost.
World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
Sustainable Development Goals set the direction towards continuing the global
sustained economic growth. Sustainable consumption and production are needed in tourism
and it aims to improve the organisations, especially transnational and large organisations to
adopt the sustainable practices and in order to integrate the sustainability information (Hall and
Lew 2018).
P 3.2 Analysing factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development
The growth of tourism industry in Qatar slowed in 2015-16, it has been observing
substantive growth in the year 2017. Almost 4 million tourists visited in 2017 and it increases
almost 4%. Mainly terrorism and the factors of Muslim centric areas are the reasons behind the
fewer tourists' attraction of Qatar. However, some of the basic factors create a hindrance for the
sustainable tourism development.

13SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Lack of awareness: Local communities are unaware of the advantages of the
sustainable tourism. Many of the local communities exploit the natural resources that could be a
good help to increase the tourism business. Sustainable tourism could provide economic
benefits to the society related to the foreign exchange earnings. Sustainable tourism could
provide the good government revenues and creation of employment opportunity. Qatar can
make awareness among the local communities to increase the profitability of keeping
consideration for sustainability (Harris et al. 2012). Qatar Tourism Authority has already started
the campaign to make aware of the local communities in many of the places.
The infrastructure required: Qatar has been making the strategic geographic location
by connecting the routes so that the travellers could easily reach from one place to another.
Qatar Government is trying to develop the policy and infrastructural quality so that Qatar can
position itself in the world-class tourism destination (Page and Connell 2016). Qatar Tourism
Authority has started the cruise and ships. Qatar has allowed the transit visa so that the people
can travel without.
Lack of coordination: The stakeholders of the tourism industry need to coordinate with
the government bodies. Lack of coordination among the government bodies and the tourism
stakeholders can create an issue. The programmes and policies of sustainable tourism can be
ineffective if the coordination may result in failure. Qatar Tourism Authority has made a
partnership with private organisations to meet the objectives of sustainable tourism.
Low profit and high cost: Qatar government has been facing the cost of
implementation of the sustainable programmes as it involves with a heavy cost. The
government may incur the heavy expenditure. After that, Qatar Government may impose a tax
to return the expenses. The increased burden of tax may lower the numbers of tourists and it
can create a high cost for the stakeholders of tourism as well (Swarbrooke 2017).

14SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Economic priority: In most of the famous tourist spots, the common people and
stakeholders of the tourism mainly provide importance towards economic development.
Therefore, they show less significance towards the sustainability (Weaver 2016). In case of the
developing economy, their only aim is to gain economic priority. Their main focus is to gain the
large numbers of tourists and it can hinder the concept of sustainable tourism. Qatar offers a
range of authentic experience including a museum, public arts, galleries, archaeological sites,
towers and forts. These places need to focus on sustainability before they interest the city tours
itineraries.
P 3.3 Analysing different stages in planning for sustainability
Objective: It is the first stage towards sustainability and government authorities do
planning and set the objectives of sustainability at this stage. Purpose of ensuring the objective
is to opt for sustainable development. Qatar Tourism Authority sets the objectives of the
sustainable tourism through partnership with public and private stakeholders. QTA sets a goal to
achieve the diverse tourism industry to attract the investment for the development of tourism
industry in Qatar. Sustainability principle is interdependence of society, economy and the
natural environment (Hall and Lew 2018). Citizenship is associated with the rights and
responsibilities, participation.
Eco-efficiencies and risk reduction: In this stage, the authority makes the policies and
identifies the impact of the operation. The authorities try to reduce costs by the process of eco-
efficiencies. The actions are taken to reduce energy, waste and through the process of
development of green building practices. Qatar Tourism Authority identifies the sustainability
threats to climate impact chemicals and labour issues.
Competitive advantage: The plan of the sustainability needs to work out in order to
gain the competitive advantage. The tourism stakeholders need to integrate the sustainability of

15SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
the corporate strategy. They can use the sustainability in order to inspire the performance
development and new services or products. The hospitality organisations and stakeholders of
the tourism can collaborate with the suppliers in order to make it sustainable. Tourism
stakeholders can develop and produce sustainability report with metrics (Harris et al. 2012).
Reinvention and regeneration: By using the strategy of sustainability, it will be feasible
to accomplish the plan and policy. The stakeholders can reinvest in economic, environment and
social capital. It helps to determine the unique contribution to solve the issue. In this stage, QTA
can identify the serious sustainable issue that could be addressed through core-competencies.

16SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 4
P 4.1 Evaluating methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future
wellbeing of Qatar
In the development of tourism planning, the
current conflicts are associated with the
planner, tour operator, government, tourist
and local community. There could be
different types of conflict of interests in
planning for the sustainable tourism in Qatar
that has a negative impact on the well-being
of the future of this destination. As stated by
Kazak (2017), major conflicts can also occur
due to the difference between local
community and culture of the tourists.
People of Qatar generally follow the Islamic
religion and their beliefs do not match with
the travellers. In addition, different types of
conflicts can be solved by utilising a step by
step process and the conflict resolution can
be solved by identifying the local
government. Legal authority assists in
creating the solution through mitigation of
conflicts through rules and regulations. In
some of the situations, discussion, meetings
and appropriate communication can help to
resolve the different stakeholders (Sigala
2017).
In Qatar, 2022 FIFA World Cup is
going to happen and the government of
Qatar is expecting a large rush of people
during that time. So that, the government is
making the new hospitality buildings,
resorts, stadiums, new roads and new
cruises. The government expects the cost of
this renovation may touch US$220 billion

17SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
and it is almost 60 times of the spending of
South Africa spent on 2010 World Cup
(Baum 2016). New airports, new air-
conditioned stadium, transport and
infrastructure all are to be renovated. The
government is just focusing on the tourism
and development; however, they do not
focus on the condition of the common
people. The condition of the local
community is getting worse. The
construction work and the process of
construction are creating an impact on the
environment and economic drained is
making the situation more difficult.
P 4.2 Analysing the implications of balancing supply and demand in reference to Qatar
The equalisation of demand and supply is
extremely basic for practical improvement of
the tourism industry of Qatar. There are
distinctive strategies by which adjust
amongst demand as well as supply can be
overseen. Different elements which can
straightforwardly influence the request and
supply administration of tourism industry
can fit estimation of demand and
advancement of arranging methodologies
help in dealing with the demands and
supply in a successful way. Demand in
tourism is associated with the re-shaping of
the industry and opportunity can be blend
with attraction. As stated by Moutinho and
Vargas-Sanchez (2018), demand in tourism
is that the numbers of the tourists who
desire to travel from one place to another
through using industry of tourism; main
features of tourism are elasticity,
consumption of the services, market
competition and depend upon the season.
Delphi strategies are a most critical
technique for gauging the request without
bounds clients of the tourism business of
Qatar (Musinguzi 2017).

18SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Tourism supply is the services or
products which are supplied and purchased
by the tourists. Suppliers in tourism are food
service, transport and building. It is
fundamental that the visitors are fulfilled by
the goal and goal is additionally not
influenced in a negative way due to the
tourism exercises. The request in the
tourism business has expanded
exponentially in the most recent decade and
Qatar has been seeing a consistent
increment in the remote tourists in the
nation. The supply or the accessibility of the
traveller goals can't coordinate the request.
In spite of the fact that, the tourists are
presently more mindful of their duty and
comprehend the issues caused by their
deviousness, the issue endures (Pulido-
Fernandez et al. 2016). The legislature of
Qatar is taking a shot at the foundation
improvement to help the extreme inflow of
the travellers and shaped association with
the private organisations. The association
between the legislature and tourism
stakeholders is working in making the less
investigated tourism goals effectively open.
After launching of QNTSS, Qatar welcomes
more than 7 million travellers and it
achieved the annual acceleration of 11.5%
(Arabianmarket.wtm 2018).
P 4.3 Evaluating the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Qatar

19SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Enclave tourism is destinations in tourism
where activities of tourists are cogenerated
and planned in a small area to allow the
travellers to experience all types of actions
of their intentions without going far into the
remote places in the host country (Naidoo
and Sharpley 2016). The tourism industry is
bringing employment, creating learning and
increasing economic growth. Enclave
tourism can bring the ethical issues
including green issues ethics, unethical
consumer behaviour and leakage of income
and ethics of income. Mass-market tourism
is the most damaging tourism and enclave
tourism are usually operated by large
foreign organisations where the travellers
can experience the entire travel experience
in one resort. Qatar is getting richer and
famous due to the oil reserve and they have
been making large resorts and urban
tourism section. Enclave tourism is usually
big development which takes a lot of lands
and space. These lands are usually owned
by local communities or farmers. The
resorts can be located at the seaside and
these resorts will impact on the fish, marine
animals and community people as well.
Enclave tourism can take away the only
source of income from the common people
and it is unethical to take away the food or
income where the people live (Zubair et al.
2015). It takes away the basic needs such
as drinking water and growing crops.
Emission from the resorts and waste
from the resorts can make the environment
suffer. The infinite resources are utilised in
wrong way; however, it can be minimised if
the people aware of this. As stated by
Fennell (2015), this is morally unacceptable
as travellers live in these hotels and resorts
and spend their money. This money goes to

20SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
the foreign organisations; the common
people do not get anything. The behaviour
of the consumers and resorts do not give
any profit to the community. In Qatar, the
enclave tourism commercialises the local
culture that may suit the expectations of the
travellers.

21SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 5
P 5.1 Comparing current issues associated with tourism development in Mexico and
Qatar
Current issues of tourism development are energy consumption, job creation, working
condition, responsible sourcing, health and wellness of the tourists, food safety and carbon and
another emission. Developing country is taken as Mexico and emerging destination is taken as
Qatar.
Factors Mexico Qatar
Social issue Social changes are clear in the
lives of the local people,
development of the infrastructure
as well as the lifestyle changes
(Jackie and Smith 2014).
In Mexico, one section is rich and
another section is poor. Heavy
traffic and crowed does not let the
government make the infrastructure
(Shaadi et al. 2018). Some youth
do the criminal activities. Sanitation
issue and overcrowding are some
of the issues.
Sometimes. Tourists fail to respect
the local customers and moral
values. Stereotyping and irritation
Local communities belong to the
Islam and government is trying to
lower down the crime. Moral
behaviour of the people engages the
travellers to maintain a good
relationship (Visitqatar.qa 2018).
Government is trying to focus on
commercialisation of the art and the
culture. Changing the value of the
people has created the place worth
for tourism.
Orthodox mentality of some Islamic
people and sudden outrages of
terrorism can impact on tourism

22SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
among society increases.
Environmental
issue
Overdevelopment may come at the
cost of nature. High rise houses
and building of infrastructure can
damage the fauna and flora.
Sometimes, local people are
displaced for making resorts and
luxury hotels. Water disposal
issues, more noise and more
transport create an ecological
imbalance.
Land degradation is one of the
reasons behind the issue of
environment in Mexico and land
clearing is causing the harm of
wildlife. Therefore, Mantled howler
monkey, the Coahuilan box turtle
and Harpy Eagle are getting
endangered.
Qatar mainly depends on the crude
oil and petroleum. Therefore, natural
resources are there. It has infinite
sources of water, land and human
resources (Buhalis and Amarangana
2015). Environmental issues like
drainage, irrigation and national
parks are there.
In Qatar, environmental issues are
associated with the wetland, wildlife,
fossil, fertile soil and wetland. This
country is depended on
petrochemical; therefore, negative
impact of this can suffer for tourism.
Qatar does enclave tourism and it
can impact on soil, forests and
drainage system.
Economic issue GDP of Mexico is $1.14 trillion and
GDO rank is 15th. GDP growth
touches 3.3%. Inflation rate is 2.5%
(Donelson and Esparza 2017).
The unemployment rate is 3.44%.
Qatar’s annual growth is 14.2% and
inflation rate s 0.91%.
Major industries in Qatar are financial
services, construction and
petrochemicals (Vahove 2017).
GDP of Qatar touched $171 billion

23SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Interest rate rates remain
comparatively high in Mexico
and GDP rank is 52.
Qatar has been facing the issue of
low employment and economic
downturn.
Hospitality
network values
Ease of doing business rank of
Mexico is 49th.
Altamira and Rio Largartos are
some of the important ports.
Ease of doing business rank is 83 rd
in 2017 and main ports of entry in
Qatar are Hamad port (Sea), Abu
Samra Crossing (Land) and Hamad
International Airport.
Legal issues Travellers do not get extra
advantage in Mexico law as the
laws are same for travellers as well
as for the nationalities. Foreigners
must have a valid visa or tourist
card in Mexico.
Foreign hospitality companies need
to provide tax 6 times per year and
the total share of taxes of profit is
52%.
Company tax rate 10% and number
of payments of taxes year per year
are 4. QTA provides the license for
the hospitality business. Qatar
applies Shari'a Law to all aspects of
family law, inheritance and certain
criminal acts. Qatar government
provides 96 hours time for travelling
without a visa.
P 5.2 Evaluating with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these
chosen destinations
Economic factors to be consider:
Qatar needs to open up the investment opportunity for the large hospitality organisations
so that luxury hotel chains can come to establish new resorts and hotels. When doing the

24SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
enclave tourism, Qatar government is doing wrong to the common people; the government can
choose alternative places or the government can compensate the poor people. The QTA can
start the Pro-poor tourism where the tourism generates benefits for the poor. In case of Mexico,
Tours and Activity Operators should be targeted by Mexico Tourism Board to get the outbound
market. International travellers always provide a boost to the economy and are likely to increase
the footfalls of tourists.
Social factors to be consider:
QTA can empower the local group to make a good partnership in tourism. Child labour
and gender issues should be stopped. Lastly, economic prosperity can be brought only through
the development of the local community by giving them capability. Mexico Government can
chalk out the utilisation of foreign currencies to development of the local communities and
tourism. Mexico Tourism Board should develop the partnership with the agents so that the
travellers can reach the destinations. In Mexico, labour agreement and qualified staffs are
needed to engage the travellers here. The partnership with the tourism stakeholders will provide
tourism with a right blend of economic, social and environmental benefit.
Environmental factors to be consider:
Qatar can make the destinations sustainable by reducing the usage of water, energy and
the hospitality sector needs to lower the disposal of waste. The hospitality sector can maintain
the bio-diversity so that the wild-life can exist without any issue. In Mexico, the issue of climate
change has not gained due focus by the community of Mexico and they should focus on
integrated tourism marketing. Mexico government is focusing on the developing of the
infrastructure. Mexico government can start the attractive policy so that the travellers should
visit the places.

25SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Conclusion
It has been observed that tourism is the quickest developing industry and it adds to a
huge degree in the financial advancement of a country. Sustainable tourism will help Qatar in
ensuring its rich culture, biodiversity and condition. The regional and local authorities are trying
to grab the state-of-art business events spaces and facilities along with the infrastructure and
policy developments. The STEAM process helps to understand the process of economic impact
process to measure the tourism from the bottom up through the use of local supply. By including
the partners, the government can make legitimate arranging toward practical advancement.

26SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Reference List
Arabiantravelmarket.wtm.com. 2018. International Travel & Tourism Trade Show | Qatar.
[online] Available at: http://arabiantravelmarket.wtm.com/ [Accessed 28 Apr. 2018].
Baum, T. ed., 2016. Human resource issues in international tourism. Berlin: Elsevier.
Buhalis, D. and Amaranggana, A., 2015. Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism
experience through personalisation of services. In Information and communication technologies
in tourism 2015 (pp. 377-389). Springer, Cham.
Cheng, T.M. and Wu, H.C., 2015. How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity,
and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behaviour? An integrated approach for
sustainable island tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), pp.557-576.
Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and
commodification. Tourism Management, 34, pp.1-13.
Cooper, C., Fletcher. J., Fyall, A., and Gilbert, D. 2018 Tourism: Principles and Practice.
London: Routledge.
de Grosbois, D., 2016. Corporate social responsibility reporting in the cruise tourism industry: A
performance evaluation using a new institutional theory-based model. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 24(2), pp.245-269.
Donelson, A.J. and Esparza, A.X., 2017. The Colonias Reader: Economy, Housing and Public
Health in US-Mexico Border Colonias. University of Arizona Press.
Edgell Sr, D.L., 2016. Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Abingdon:
Routledge.

27SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Ellis, S. and Sheridan, L., 2014. A critical reflection on the role of stakeholders in sustainable
tourism development in least-developed countries. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(4),
pp.467-471.
Fennell, D.A., 2015. Ethics in tourism. In Education for sustainability in tourism (pp. 45-57).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Ghimire, K.B., 2013. The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries. Abingdon:
Routledge.
Graci, S., 2013. Collaboration and partnership development for sustainable tourism. Tourism
Geographies, 15(1), pp.25-42.
Hall, C.M. and Page, S., 2012. Tourism in the south and southeast Asia. Routledge.
Hall, M. and A. Lew, 2018. Sustainable Tourism: A Geographical Perspective. London: CAB.
Harris, R., Williams, P., and Griffin, T. 2012. Sustainable Tourism: A Global Perspective.
London: Routledge.
Ishii, K., 2012. The impact of ethnic tourism on hill tribes in Thailand. Annals of Tourism
Research, 39(1), pp.290-310.
Jackie Ong, L.T. and Smith, R.A., 2014. Perception and reality of managing sustainable coastal
tourism in emerging destinations: the case of Sihanoukville, Cambodia. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 22(2), pp.256-278.
Jamal, T. and Camargo, B.A., 2014. Sustainable tourism, justice and an ethic of care: Toward
the just destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), pp.11-30.
Kazak, A.N., 2017, May. Investigation of properties of the dynamic model of tourism
development. In Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM), 2017 XX IEEE International

28SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Conference on (pp. 827-829). IEEE.
Malek, A. and Costa, C., 2015. Integrating communities into tourism planning through social
innovation. Tourism Planning & Development, 12(3), pp.281-299.
Martin, S.A. and Assenov, I., 2014. Investigating the importance of surf resource sustainability
indicators: Stakeholder perspectives for surf tourism planning and development. Tourism
Planning & Development, 11(2), pp.127-148.
Mbaiwa, J.E., 2011. Hotel companies, poverty and sustainable tourism in the Okavango Delta,
Botswana. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development,
7(1), pp.47-58.
Morrison, A.M., 2015. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Abingdon: Routledge.
Moscardo, G., 2014. Tourism and community leadership in rural regions: Linking mobility,
entrepreneurship, tourism development and community well-being. Tourism Planning &
Development, 11(3), pp.354-370.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
Musinguzi, D., 2016. Trends in tourism research on Qatar: A review of journal
publications. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, pp.265-268.
Naidoo, P. and Sharpley, R., 2016. Local perceptions of the relative contributions of enclave
tourism and agritourism to community well-being: The case of Mauritius. Journal of Destination
Marketing & Management, 5(1), pp.16-25.
Pablo-Romero, M.D.P. and Molina, J.A., 2013. Tourism and economic growth: A review of
empirical literature. Tourism Management Perspectives,8, pp.28-41.

29SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Page S.J. and Connell, J. 2006. Tourism: A Modern Synthesis, 2nd Edition Thomson Learning,
London;
Pulido-Fernández, J.I., Andrades-Caldito, L. and Sánchez-Rivero, M., 2015. Is sustainable
tourism an obstacle to the economic performance of the tourism industry? Evidence from an
international empirical study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), pp.47-64.
Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B.D. and McLennan, C.L.J., 2015. Trends and patterns in
sustainable tourism research: A 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 23(4), pp.517-535.
Safari, M., de Gracia, A., Ushak, S. and Cabeza, L.F., 2016. The economic impact of integrating
PCM as a passive system in buildings using Fanger comfort model. Energy and Buildings, 112,
pp.159-172.
Shaadi, R., Pulido, F. and Rodríguez, H., 2018. Analysis of stakeholders in the management of
meetings tourism in the city of Aguascalientes (Mexico) from the basic elements of network
analysis. PASOS: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 16(1), pp.179-195.
Sher, K., Bagul, A. and Din, S., 2015. The Influence of Community Attachment and Community
Involvement Towards Resident’s Support on Sustainable Tourism Development by Mediating
Perceived Benefits and Perceived Costs. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 15,
pp.133-138.
Sigala, M., 2017. Collaborative commerce in tourism: implications for research and
industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(4), pp.346-355.
Sustainabletourism.net. 2018. Sustainable Tourism | Sustainable & Responsible Planning and
Management for the Tourism Industry. [online] Available at: http://sustainabletourism.net/
[Accessed 28 Apr. 2018].

30SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Swarbrooke, J. 2017. Sustainable Tourism Management. Oxford: CABI Publishing.
Vanhove, N., 2017. The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory and Practice. Routledge.
Visitqatar.qa. 2018. QTA Overview | Corporate | Visit Qatar. [online] Available at:
https://www.visitqatar.qa/corporate/media/research-and-fact-checking/qatars-tourism-
industry.html [Accessed 28 Apr. 2018].
Weaver, D. 2016. Sustainable Tourism. London: Routledge.
Weber, A.S., 2017. Creative industries tourism in Qatar: economy diversification through arts
and heritage development. In 4th International Scientific Conference ToSEE-Tourism in
Southern and Eastern Europe 2017" Tourism and Creative Industries: Trends and Challenges"
Opatija, Croatia, 4-6 May 2017, pp. 645-655.
Zubair, S., Bowen, D. and Altinay, L., 2015. Enclave resort tourism in Maldives: Destination
development and resistance to change. CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes:
Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, p.793.