S2 2019 ISY00243 - System Analysis and Design: Natural Lee Report

This report presents a system analysis and design for Natural Lee, an organic farm, addressing the challenges of manual operations and the need for an automated information system. The report covers various aspects, including initial investigation, business function brainstorming, project management with Gantt and PERT charts, risk analysis, fact-finding techniques, data modeling (use-case diagrams, activity diagrams, ERD), and feasibility analysis. The report explores the farm's background, organizational structure, and business functions, along with the vision for the new system. It details the functional and non-functional requirements, purpose, and justification for the system. Project management tasks, dependencies, and critical paths are outlined. Risk analysis, anticipated benefits, and expected costs are also assessed. Fact-finding techniques, including interviews and questionnaires, are discussed. The report includes data modeling with use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and ERDs. Finally, it evaluates suitable software options and provides a feasibility analysis with recommendations for implementation, aiming to improve customer satisfaction, streamline operations, and support business growth for Natural Lee.

Running head: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
System Analysis and Design
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author Note

1SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Table of Contents
Activity-1 Initial Investigation...................................................................................................3
Background............................................................................................................................3
Organisational chart...............................................................................................................4
Business Functions.................................................................................................................4
Activity 2 - Idea.........................................................................................................................5
Brainstorming Business Functions related with new farming Information System..............5
System Vision Document...........................................................................................................6
Problem Statement.................................................................................................................6
System Capabilities................................................................................................................7
Purpose & Justification..........................................................................................................8
Activity 3 – Project Management..............................................................................................9
1. Table, listing all the tasks separately with duration...........................................................9
2. Identification of the dependencies and predecessors.........................................................9
3. Gantt Chart.......................................................................................................................10
4. PERT Chart developed in MS Project.............................................................................10
5. Overall duration of the project and critical path..............................................................11
Activity 4 – Risk analysis and project management................................................................11
1. Risks Associated with the Project Development.............................................................11
2. Anticipated Benefits of the New System.........................................................................13
3. Expected costs of the New System..................................................................................14
4. Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis Technique beneficial for the Project................................14
5. Assumptions and Interpretations......................................................................................16
7. Discussion about inclusion of strong business cases.......................................................16
Activity 5 – Fact finding techniques........................................................................................17
Activity 6 – Modelling.............................................................................................................20
Use-case Diagram................................................................................................................20
Use Case List........................................................................................................................21
Brief Description of 4 Use Cases.........................................................................................23
Phone Call........................................................................................................................23
Place Order.......................................................................................................................24

2SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Deposit.............................................................................................................................25
Delivery............................................................................................................................25
Activity Diagram..................................................................................................................26
Activity 7 – Fact Findings and Data Description.....................................................................27
Fact finding..........................................................................................................................27
ERD – conceptual................................................................................................................28
ERD- Physical......................................................................................................................30
Code format and Sample data..............................................................................................31
Customer..........................................................................................................................31
Order................................................................................................................................31
Payment............................................................................................................................31
Vegetables........................................................................................................................31
Farms................................................................................................................................32
Bank.................................................................................................................................32
Activity 8 – Suitable software and Feasibility.........................................................................32
Sequence Diagram...............................................................................................................32
Commercial Software...........................................................................................................33
Comparison......................................................................................................................33
Options of implementation...............................................................................................34
Conclusion................................................................................................................................34
Feasibility Analysis and Recommendations........................................................................35
References................................................................................................................................36
Appendices...............................................................................................................................41
Activity 1 - Organizational chart..........................................................................................41
Activity 3 – Gantt and Pert chart..........................................................................................42
Activity 5 – Questions..........................................................................................................44
Activity 6 – use case and activity diagram...........................................................................44
Activity 7 – System design..................................................................................................46
Activity 8 – Sequence diagram............................................................................................48

3SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Activity-1 Initial Investigation
Background
Phil lee has a passion for growing and carrying forward his father’s and grandfather’s
legacy for living sustainably and green. He has some cattle and sheep for producing egg, milk
and manure. Using the manure he used it as fertilizers and practiced companion planting for
saving the crops from the insect attacks. He also used the method of alternate cultivation to
keep the soil healthy. Formally, Phil was a carpenter and he left his occupation and followed
his dreams by growing and providing high quality food. His buyers comes to him for the
purchasing or picking their order. Orders are generally made through phone. The order lists
are written and processed manually. Phil is a talkative person and he loves to talk with his
customer on phones. However, the daily customers who have same order every week, had
frustration that Phil takes so long time for writing up the orders and after that processing and
delivering is involved. The pickup procedure was done by mainly the customers who picks
their weekly boxes of ordered vegetables. The farm got famous around the neighbourhood
and more customers were coming. At the end, it was getting difficult to handle that amount of
customers. He used to store the customer details by pen and paper so that customer could ring
and remind the order and he can recognise with the details he recorded. Windy is her wife
and she is fully supportive to Phil. She introduced the idea that they will focus on the
different aspects of their business. The new system will help a lot Phil to manage his growing
customers and demands. Phil was more concentrated on the production part and windy was
supposed to handle management and customer handling. Windy assigned Doug, Debbie,
Dongming and Dennis for taking orders from the customer. They also assisted in other
activities sometimes. They also included the idea of giving discount of 20% to the regular
customers. Rena and Robert was assigned as accountant in the organisation and they reported

4SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
directly to windy. For making the picking up easier for the customers, they decided to deliver
the boxes to the customer’s home. They assigned Mark and Marsha to take over the delivery
and pickups activities. Derek was also hired for helping Mark and Marsha. On the side of the
production, Phil hired Sam, Simon and Sarah for the machinery management as they were
qualified and skilled in operating all kind of machinery and vehicles. Phil and Wendy also
thought about their son, Richard to help them out in the farm’s marketing policy. Richard is
studying marketing at southern Cross University and he is in final year then.
Organisational chart
Figure 1: Organisational Chart of Natural Lee
Source: created by author
Business Functions
The business functions describes the operations and processes of the organisation
(Zikmund et al. 2013). The business of Natural lee has been distributed into the production
and management part. As Windy has been taking care of the management and customer

5SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
handling and Phil is taking care of production part of the organisation. The company has
following business functions:
i. The customer orders their vegetables over the phone.
ii. The staff receives the order and the order is processed during the week.
iii. The customers are also two types regular and standard. Regular customer are assigned
for 20% discount.
iv. The company delivers their orders to customer’s location or some customer comes to
pick their boxes.
v. The company has a production team where the vegetables and crops and grown
organically.
vi. The company operates with a machinery team who take cares of the vehicles and
machines.
Activity 2 - Idea
Brainstorming Business Functions related with new farming Information System
The customer needs to know the list of items presently available in the storage of the
farm so that they can order the items from the farm. They also needs to see a particular item
that is out of stock will be restocked again. So, the system will show all the details of the
quantity of products available and the time when they would be restocked again (Majd et al.
2016). The system will also provide access to the admin that is Phil to update any information
related to products on the application so that the customers get to know about them. The
system will also notify the Wendy to pack the products when they are to be delivered. The
payment system can also be checked by Phil as advance payment are sometime made by the
customers. The customers will have a proper payment system interface and secured as they

6SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
will pay by entering their card details to the farm. After payment, the system will generate
automatic invoice for the customer to be delivered along with the products ordered.
The system will also include logistics management that would arrange all the orders
according to the ordered placed by the customers. The system will also show online
documentation of the organize products that are grown by Natural Lee and would show the
government certification along with all terms and conditions that they follow to run this
business (Koester 2016). This would gain customer trust that the products are genuine and
original organic products. The system will also have a feature to take customer suggestion of
any complaints that they have against Natural Lee. The customer are also shown the contact
details of Phil and Wendy so that they can call in case of any query. The system will also
notify the customer when the delivery agent is allocated to place the order and the time they
will get the products in hand.
System Vision Document
Problem Statement
Phil and Wendy being the owner of Natural Lee was handling the operations of the
business manually because they were not having any automated system of handling the
process. Phil was handling the customer ordering process and Wendy was responsible to
dispatch the ordered products. But as the system was growing, they were facing difficulty in
handling the operations of the business and were losing customer because they were not able
to provide customer with proper information about products (Griffin 2018). They were also
not able to deliver the products on time. Moreover, Natural Lee also grew tasteful fruits
which were not in the selling items lists presently. Both of them decided to include the selling
of fruits as well to the customer. As a result the business handling manually was to become
more difficult with vast list of products to sell.

7SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
So, the owners of the farm decided to implement IS system that would help them to automate
the business system. This would increase the customer satisfaction and retain customer to
their farm. The IS system of Natural Lee will be able to take order automatically and notify
Pill about the order that has been received. Wendy will also find packing the products easier
compared to the system followed presently.
System Capabilities
Functional requirements: The System includes function requirements that are to be met while
developing the system (Smit, Zoet and Berkhout 2017). Those are listed in the section below:
 The new IS system will take input from the customers and the admin so that the
information in the system can be updated.
 The system will include the details of the customer including their delivery address ad
their contact number so that they can be contacted at the time of delivery.
 The system will take the details of the products details as input from the administrator
so that the customer can view the products currently available in the farm.
 The system will also take any customer review or customer suggestion for improving
the operations of business that are being carried out in Natural Lee.
 There will be customer sign in and logout option in the interface of the system.
 There will be payment interface in the system where the customer can pay at the time
of ordering the products.
 The system will also have a cash on delivery feature available for the customers.
Non-Functional Requirements: The system includes non-function requirements that are to be
met while developing the system (Farid and Mitropoulos 2013). Those are listed in the
section below:

8SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
 The data and the information uploaded in the system will be secured by implementing
security program in the system.
 The system of Natural Lee IS system will be robust and will be accountable.
 For developing the system, there will be proper documentation process and standards
for developing the user interface will be used to develop the system.
 The users can rely on the system and the system to be developed will be able to carry
out exception handling and will include tolerance of data loss.
 For developing the interface of the system protocols of development will be used and
the system would be managed by Phil and Wendy.
Purpose & Justification
The main purpose of this report is to develop a new information system that will make
the farming system automated and will help to carry out the business more easily as well as
maintain the business processes efficiently by Phil and Wendy.
As Phil and Wendy is to establish an automatic business process so that they can
manage their business easily and want to enhance the customer satisfaction. They want to
implement a new information system for their Natural Lee which produces organic fruits and
vegetables. All the processes involved in the business are managed by Pile and Wendy
manually which is increasing their burden of managing the processes. Manually handling the
process was resulting in delay in product delivery and was difficult to update the products
that were presently available for sale for the customers. So, the new IS system that this report
plans help to improve their way of handling the operations in the business and thus improve
customer satisfaction with customer retention.

9SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Activity 3 – Project Management
1. Table, listing all the tasks separately with duration
Task Name
Duratio
n
“Natural-Lee" information system 12 days
start project 0 days
meeting with staffs and agronomist 3 days
conducting interview with the staffs 3 days
review of the farm records of produce, season, customer purchases, cost and
profits 3 days
observing business operations 1 day
interview of customers 1 day
analysing the accounting process currently used 2 days
study a sample of orders and payment transactions 2 days
undertake field work for home delivery services 2 days
preparing a report for Wendy 1 day
stop project 0 days
2. Identification of the dependencies and predecessors
Task Name
Predeces
sors
Dependency
Types
“Natural-Lee" information system
start project
meeting with staffs and agronomist 1 Finish to Start
conducting interview with the staffs 2 Finish to Start
review of the farm records of produce, season, customer
purchases, cost and profits 3 Finish to Start
observing business operations 3 Finish to Start
interview of customers 5 Finish to Start
analysing the accounting process currently used 4 Finish to Start
study a sample of orders and payment transactions 4 Finish to Start
undertake field work for home delivery services 4 Finish to Start
preparing a report for Wendy 6,7,8,9 Finish to Start
stop project 10 Finish to Start

10SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3. Gantt Chart
ID Task
Mode
Task Name Duration Start Finish
0 “Natural-Lee" information system 12 days Mon
30-09-19
Tue
15-10-19
1 start project 0 days Mon 30-09-19 Mon 30-09-19
2 meeting with staffs and agronomist 3 days Mon 30-09-19 Wed 02-10-19
3 conducting interview with the staffs 3 days Thu 03-10-19 Mon 07-10-19
4 review of the farm records of produce,
season, customer purchases, cost and profits
3 days Tue 08-10-19 Thu 10-10-19
5 observing business operations 1 day Tue 08-10-19 Tue 08-10-19
6 interview of customers 1 day Wed 09-10-19 Wed 09-10-19
7 analysing the accounting process currently
used
2 days Fri 11-10-19 Mon 14-10-19
8 study a sample of orders and payment
transactions
2 days Fri 11-10-19 Mon 14-10-19
9 undertake field work for home delivery
services
2 days Fri 11-10-19 Mon 14-10-19
10 preparing a report for Wendy 1 day Tue 15-10-19 Tue 15-10-19
11 stop project 0 days Tue 15-10-19 Tue 15-10-19
30-09
3 days
3 days
3 days
2 days
2 days
2 days
1 day
15-10
T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F
22 Sep '19 29 Sep '19 06 Oct '19 13 Oct '19 20 Oct '19 27 Oct '19
Figure 2: Gantt chart developed in MS project
Source: created by author
4. PERT Chart developed in MS Project
Figure 3: PERT Chart developed in MS Project
Source: created by author

Running head: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
5. Overall duration of the project and critical path
The overall duration of the project is 12 days, where the activity 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10
are the critical activities that are highlighted in red in the Gantt chart and the PERT diagram.
Activity 4 – Risk analysis and project management
1. Risks Associated with the Project Development
The risks that could be associated with the development of an information system for
Natural-Lee can be discussed as:
No. Risks Likelihood of
Occurrence
1. Improper or incomplete requirements during project planning phase
could lead to incurred risks within the later phases of projects.
Without gaining a proper form of understanding of the requirements
that needs to be included within the project, the system development
manager would not be able to guide the other team members
working over the project (Leveson 2015). This would also affect the
outcome of the project as this would lead to low incorporation of
ideas within the web system.
Medium
2. Inadequate support from software or hardware vendors could lead to
project delays. There might be some situations in which the required
hardware or software component might not be available during the
required moment. This would lead to delay in the overall
management of project and might delay the process of
implementation of needed activities. The gaining of requirements at
a prior stage before the start of the project would be helpful for the
project developers to acquire them properly and arrange them. This
would also ease the process of delivering the project in a fast
manner.
High
3. Technical Issues might arise within the project based on introducing
“new edge” technology. This technology might require exclusive
use of updated software components, which might not be included
within the estimated budget or expertise (Soomro, Shah and Ahmed
2016). These encounters of risk situations could lead to stoppage of
some kind of services. New kind of software components that would
be included within the system would also help in developing a sound
system incorporating all the possible actions and providing a quality
High

12SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
based information system.
4. Project budget estimation made at the initial phases of the project
might become a problem during the future stage of the project.
There might be some additional requirements, which could arise at
the implementation stage of project (Fenton and Bieman 2014). New
software or hardware components might be need to be included
within the system, which would lead to increase in budgets. Hence,
this could be considered as a major risk affecting the project.
High
5. Quality issues would be considered as another major form of risk
impacting the project. The software development team might design
some standard designs or technical inclusions within the project,
which might not be acceptable by the project owners.
Low
6. Lack of end-user involvement within the information system is
another form of risk. Users might dislike the system and thus might
not accept the end result of the developed information system.
Hence, this could be considered as a major risk as issues might arise
based on re-development of the system and increasing the
performance factors.
Medium
7. Conflict between project development teams could be one major
factor leading to project delays. A design made within the webpage
might not be liked by the other department or the project owner.
This kind of unnecessary delay made within the project would lead
to rising of the project delay time and ultimately lead to negative
impact over project delivery time.
Medium
8. Change in project scope and objectives at the later stages of the
project could bring about massive changes within the project
structure (Peltier 2016). Changes that needs to be implemented and
which is out of scope might become a difficult factor leading to
project development aspects. This might also bring about a negative
factor based on bringing out the possible outcomes that had been
planned previously.
Low
9. Poor level of skill levels within the software development team
might lead to poor end results for the project. Employees working
over the project who might not have a high level of expertise based
on the requirements would not be able to incorporate the set ideas
within the project. This would result in creation of problems for
project development.
Medium
10. Gaps within the communication of the team members would lead to
project delays and ineffective project planning strategies.
Communication is considered as the key aspect for successful
project development (Feng, Wang and Li 2014). Hence, lack of
certain strategies based on communication during the development
phase would lead to negative impacts towards spreading of ideas.
Low

13SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
2. Anticipated Benefits of the New System
With the development of the new information system for Natural-Lee, some of the
anticipated benefits are:
1. Tracking of business benefits and internal processes that would be in relation to
service providing to customers. It would also lead to determine the kind of inputs being made
within the system, requests placed by customers and the kind of services being made
available to customers.
2. Leveraging business value based on providing easy aspects for solving business
complexities. This system would be able to provide a certain list of offering that would be
provided from the business to customers.
3. This system would be able to understand customer preferences and thus be able to
bring about positive benefits based on bringing new kind of products within the system. This
system would also ease the process of placing an order and keeping a track of the order being
placed (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The handling of payments made by customers would also
be kept in a secure format, which would ensure and engage trust among customers for the
business.
4. The system would store the detailed information regarding customers within their
inbuilt database systems. This would in turn help in easing the process of delivery of order to
customers within the specific time period (Fichman, Dos Santos and Zheng 2014). The home
delivery service providers would get a detailed information in relation to the customers
during the time of delivery. This would thus ensure a timely delivery of products.

14SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
5. This system would also implement a chat-based facility based on which customers
could interact with the customer service specialists in order to gain ideas in relation to their
queries (Dwivedi et al. 2015). In case of understanding and tracking of live updates over their
orders, customers could chat with the service specialists and they would be help in providing
the detailed information about the order shipment status.
3. Expected costs of the New System
The expected costs that could be included with the new system are:
Costs incurred during system development Total Costs (in AUD)
Development costs 5000
Operational Costs 6500
Hardware and Software costs 12500
Personnel costs 4000
Facility and Supply Costs 3500
Each of the costs have been discussed based on estimation of the kind of activities
that could be included during the system development phase.
4. Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis Technique beneficial for the Project
During the estimation over each of the activities meant under the aspect of cost
estimation, it can be discussed that there are two techniques based on proceeding with the
project. These are described as follows:
1. Net Present Value (NPV) – This can be discussed as a cost estimation technique,
which helps in understanding the difference created between the present value made during
cash flows made during the investment and the total amount of investment (Chisholm et al.
2016).

15SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
(Figure 4: The NPV for the Project)
(Source: Created by author)
In the present project development phase, the NPV for the project is set at 0.70.
2. Payback Period – This is referred to the total amount of time taken to recover the
costs made during investment (Akimova, Stein and Prokhorova 2015).
(Figure 5: The Payback Period for the Project)
(Source: Created by author)
The payback period for the project is set at 2.74 years. After this certain time limit,
the project would incur benefits based on the investment made.
Hence, from the discussion of the cost-benefit analysis techniques, it can be discussed
the project could be further proceeded as this would incur benefits after the estimated time

16SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
period. The NPV for the project is also considered to be suitable for gaining future benefits
after project launch.
5. Assumptions and Interpretations
The assumptions and interpretations that could be made based on the information
gathered and the planned estimations are:
1. The cost-benefit analysis would provide help to the project owner in determining
over proceeding with the project (Pearlson, Saunders and Galletta 2016).
2. The project would be completed within the scheduled deadline as per the
assumptions of planned activities mentioned within the Gantt chart.
3. Based on the made assumptions it could be interpreted that the project would result
in success for Natural-Lee in implementing a best kind of plan for the company (Paré et al.
2015). It would also help in maintaining a good relationship with customers and providing
them with maximum benefits.
7. Discussion about inclusion of strong business cases
From the above mentioned discussions, it could be discussed that the proposed system
has been supported with a strong business case. This business case has helped in outlining the
major aspect of project scope, understanding the requirements of the project and planning
over the new system being developed (Monostori 2014). This system should proceed due to
the reason of supporting the present processes for the business of Natural-Lee. The discussion
within the report has outlined all the major kind of activities that needs to be included within
the project and based on that the cost estimations have also been done accordingly. This
discussion also presents a risk assessment plan that details the possible risks and their
likelihood of occurrence. This would help the project developers to avoid such scenarios.

17SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Hence, it could be discussed that the development of the project would lead to success for the
business.
Activity 5 – Fact finding techniques
1. The different fact-finding techniques that could be recommended apart from
interviews are:
a) Examination over documentation can be defined as an important techniques based
on drawing insights about the ways in which the requirement have been created (Gustafsson
Jertfelt, Blanchin and Li 2016). Examination of different documents such as files, reports,
forms and documents could be helpful for the system development team in order to plan for
the structure of the system.
b) Research is defined as fact-finding technique based on making a thorough research
over the designed application and entering them within a database system (Schafer and
Navarro 2016). This technique could help the researcher to make use of academic journals
and other reliable sources based on gaining information, which would further help them in
making a useful system.
c) Questionnaires is defined as method for fact-finding. This could be based on
conducting surveys from a certain group of people in order to understand their requirements
in a better manner (Satterthwaite and Simeone 2014). From the results derived from the
survey, the researcher would be able to suggest different ways based on which they could
improve the present situations and thus develop a useful system.
2. The recommendation that could be made over the fact-finding techniques and
which could be helpful for the system design approach are:

18SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
a) Prototyping is an approach based on finding of facts that includes the collection of
facts based on requirement. With the help of this approach, the developers and users should
be able to understand and test the to-be developed system in an advance position before
arriving at the final implementation (Marshall and Wang 2016). This technique should be
highly implemented as this would help in determining the cost structure that would need to be
incorporated within the information system.
b) The system designers, project planners and project owner could also implement the
Joint Requirements Planning (JRP) approach that would help the team in analysis of
problems and define the primary requirements to be included within the system (Seo and Kim
2014). With this technique, the system developers could tabulate the necessary facts in a short
period of time. Separate interviews would be conducted based on gathering the perspective of
different participants. The incorporation of ideas would help in developing a well-planned
system.
c) Free-format questionnaires can be discussed as a technique in which the users
would be permitted to answer some questions without the emerging need of gathering
response. The derived results would be discussed as highly vital in understanding the
opinions, feelings and experiences of the participants (d’Aspremont and Mbengue 2014).
This technique thus should be incorporated within the system based on helping the system
designers to understand the best ways of incorporating of needed functionalities within the
information system.
3. The staff members who would have different job roles of interest within this project
and would be considered as suitable during the interview process are:
a) System Development Engineer – The system development engineer can be
considered as the most important person who would be able to guide the project owner about

19SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
providing the best kind of functionalities within the information system. They need to be
interviewed regarding the type of system being developed in order to identify the ongoing
processes and suggest better improvements over the system.
b) Project Owner – The project owner has the maximum interest within the project
and can be interviewed based on understanding the requirements of their business. The owner
would also be able to provide new kind of ideas that would help the system designer to plan
for new ideas and incorporate several useful functionalities.
4. The list of questions that could be prepared for the system development engineer
are:
a) What are the kind of functionalities that have been included at the customer side?
b) Is the chat functionality present within the system?
c) What are the strategies based on future maintenance of the system?
The list of questions that would be prepared for the project owner are:
a) What kind of system support approach would you suggest for the customer side?
b) Would you like to incorporate real-time tracking system in the information system?
The time anticipated for the interview to the system development engineer is during
the initiation of each stage during the project. This would help them in understanding the type
of incorporation that could be made within the system and the kind of improvements, which
could be further made during the system design approach (Brath and Banissi 2014). On the
other hand, the owner would be interviewed during the process of start of the project. They
would be provided with feedbacks during each step of completion of every included activity.
This would also help the owner to gain an idea about the kind of system development
approaches being used. Based on the understanding of the type of progress being made, the

20SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
owner would be able to suggest new kind of ideas to be included within the system, which
would make the system even more useful for customers and beneficial towards the business.
The interview questions that would be put forward before the staff members would be
based on designing of the system and the kind of inclusions, which needs to be made for the
system. Various kind of functionalities based on providing an efficient service to customers
have been planned and hence these surveys would help in analyzing of better solutions.
Activity 6 – Modelling
System modelling is generally representations of system processes, data and its
requirements using modelling tools (Wang et al. 2016). The MLA system modelling has been
done using Use-case diagram, Activity diagram, sequence diagram and ERD.
Use-case Diagram
Figure 6: Use-Case Diagram of MLA
Source: created by author

21SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Use Case List
Use-case shows the processes of the system and their relation with the actors. Actors
are generally the real-world entities (Veit et al. 2014). The list of use cases identified from
modelling of the new system based on requirements for direct delivery of farm products
through MLA to the intended customers are the following:
 Phone call
 Payment
 Place order
 Select Payment Mode
 Pack Order
 Online Order
 Delivery
 Default
 New List
 Sales Report
 Inactivity Report
 Profit-loss Report
 Activity Report
 Sales Process
 Deposit
Phone call: The phone-calling usage system put in place involves sharing of customer details
while placing the order. However, as of now online web based ordering is being preferred
over phone-in services. These services involve activities of the standard customers, regular
customers as well as staff and initiate the delivery process.

22SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Payment: The payment system usage requires specific details orders placed by the customers
be it standard or regular which needs to get confirmed first. This service requires activities
like supervision from administrators and sending of the physical invoice through the hands of
the deliveryman.
Place order: The usage of placing orders includes a wide range of activities to and from
different other subsystems like phone call, payment, place order and even delivery.
Select Payment Mode: The use of selecting payment mode requires activities of web based
customers like registration of payment methods and proceeding to checkout (payment). The
only user relevant for this subsystem are the web customers.
Pack order: Only after obtaining relevant details regarding the customer and confirming the
payment mode that the packing of order commences. The only user associated with the
activity is the staff.
Online order: The usage of online ordering can include activities with a lot of other uses like
pack order, delivery, default and new list and involves interactions with the web customers.
Default: This default list is tasked with choosing a default selection for the customer based
on the customer information being saved from the earlier week.
New list: The new list keeps track of current customer activity and provides with the list of
suggestions. This activity is directly related with interactions of customers.
Sales Report: Based on the subsystems and activities mentioned above, sales report are
generated from Natural–Lee bank accounts by analysing the activity report.
Inactivity Report: Inactivity report is another usage scenario that can be obtained from
analysing the activity report of Natural Lee bank accounts similar to sales report.

23SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Profit-loss Report: The profit-loss report is another usage that can be derived from the
activity report of Natural Lee bank accounts.
Activity Report: A major usage scenario for Natural Lee can be generation of their activity
report which is directly associated with activities of the administrator of Natural Lee and the
accountants of their bank.
Sales Report: Similar to the activity report, another major usage scenario between Natural
Lee and the bank is the sales processes.
Deposit: The other usage scenario between the firm, Natural Lee and the bank is deposit. The
users associated here are the administrator of Natural Lee and the bank.
Brief Description of 4 Use Cases
Phone Call
Name of Use Case: Make Phone Call
Scenario Description: Providing details and order over telephones
Triggering Event: Customers make calls to NL staff for
ordering items
Brief: When a call is made the NL staff attends the
customer and collects details and registers
him for placing order.
Actors: Customers, NL staff
Stakeholders: Admin
Preconditions: Customers must be present
Product catalogue, Product page and
Product pricing should be available
Post conditions: Personal details of customer like name

24SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
address should be obtained
Customer should be registered for purchase
of products.
Place Order
Name of Use Case: Place Order
Scenario Description: Registered customers to be able to create
orders
Triggering Event: Customers have verified availability and
price of product and wants to buy them.
Brief: Customers may either use phones or web
based services to place order requests by
confirming interest on products and address
details.
Actors: Customers, NL staff
Stakeholders: Admin
Preconditions: Specific Product should be in stock
Customer should be able to pay the amount
Post conditions: Customer shipping address to be validated
Customer payment modes should be
validated.
Deposit
Name of Use Case: Deposit

25SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Scenario Description: NL Administrator to be verify payment of
customer for every purchase
Triggering Event: Customers already paid for an order
Brief: When the customer makes payment for an
order, the amount should get cleared to NL
bank account.
Actors: NL administrator, Bank accountant
Stakeholders: Customer, Bank
Preconditions: NL Bank account should be active
Payment Gateway of web portal should be
operational
Post conditions: NL bank account should be updated with
new entry
New entry should contain the exact amount
of order
Delivery
Name of Use Case: Delivery
Scenario Description: NL Delivery man to ship product to
customer
Triggering Event: Product order has been processed and
product packaged for shipping from
warehouse
Brief: After the payment by customer is verified
the product gets packed and is handed to

26SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
delivery man
Actors: NL Deliveryman, Customer
Stakeholders: NL Administrator
Preconditions: Product should be packed with invoice
Shipping Address should be confirmed
Post conditions: Customer signature should be obtained after
delivery
Activity Diagram
Activity Diagram shows the all the system activities between the different subsystems
and entties (Tripathy and Mitra 2013).
Figure 7: Activity Diagram of Natural Lee

27SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Source: created by author
Activity 7 – Fact Findings and Data Description
Fact finding
The fact findings can result in the improvement of the system requirements and its
data description (Fagin et al. 2014). The fact finding techniques for the information system
development has been done by the interviewing Wendy and production managers. The
production managers named Ning, Mick, Nick, Nolla observes and manages the production
from the inside of the farm. Hence, interviewing them will reveal more facts about the farm.
The inconsistency found in the farm’s business functions is to store the vegetables price as
the unit price. After all, it is not a goods or service provider company. However, the
vegetables have different rates in different season. Also for the different vegetable and fruit
the price varies. Hence the price factor can be seen very inconsistence in the business system.
The duplication can be found in the data about the information of the data that is stored in the
data. Suppose two customer are having same location as their address, then the system will
store same city or location for the two order’s query. The fact finding can also be done by the
observation of the relationship between the staffs and employees of the company. The
Barbeque dinner scenario can also explain some facts.
ERD – conceptual
The conceptual diagram shows the relation between the entities. However, it is not in
the physical normalized form (Sagar and Abirami 2014).

28SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Figure 8: Conceptual design of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

29SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
ERD- Physical
The physical schema of the ERD shows the actual implementation of the database that
will be used for the MLA system (Hannah, Willis and Duenas 2014).
Figure 9: Physical schema of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

30SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Code format and Sample data
The Primary keys used in the tables can be kept in the format according to their
respective tables. The codes can have a combinational approach of having first letter of tables
name and the numeric system for coding (Thangaraj and Vijayalakshmi 2013). For example
the Customer table is having primary keys as C101, C102 respectively.
Customer
CustID Name Contact Address Type
C101 James Frank 654946245 Bakers street Regular
Order
OrderID Date Description DeliveryPerson
O197 01/12/2019 Cover with rain
proof
Mark
Payment
PaymentID Amount Date Mode
P101 4879.54 1/12/2018 Debit
Vegetables
ID Name Type priceperunit
V101 Potato Starch 20
Farms
FarmID Name Owner Location Contact

31SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
F101 Stevens house Steve Paul Mid Australia 34984525
Bank
Account number Type Holdername
326544656 Savings Steve Paul
Activity 8 – Suitable software and Feasibility
Sequence Diagram
Figure 10: Sequence Diagram of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

32SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Commercial Software
There are several Open source or paid commercial packages are available that
provides the information system to allow the effectively run the business functions. The
software consists the basic functions that a business could have. The selection of the
particular software can totally depends on the individual business and what they want
(Reisman et al. 2013). The following software can be opt for the MLA system:
a) NetSuite: The Oracle NetSuite is currently the top most Cloud based ERP solution
that provides a single platform for managing features like back office processes, order
booking, CRM, accountancy and ecommerce. It has built in Business Intelligence to
provide the real-time outputs and transparency across the company (Bahssas, AlBar
and Hoque 2015). It is quite suitable for the MLA system and it is also available as
demo and paid version both. The paid version costs $99 per month and license for
$999 per month per user.
b) SAP Business ByDesign: It is most suitable for the on-demand business solution to
stream the frontline core of the business operation. It provides the features like CRM,
accounting, project management and supplier relationship etc. The features of this
software found to be exact match with the MLA system and its costs $1499 per month
per user (Griffiths, Heinze and Ofoegbu 2013). Also it is a web based and software as
service based platform.
Comparison
Both the software are suitable for the implementing the business information system
and its environment. In terms of users NetSuite allows to add 1000+ users and SAP Business
ByDesign allows max 499 users. Also, the NetSuite provides more features than the SAP
Business ByDesign. NetSuite also has its training tools inbuilt in the system to increase the

33SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
usability of the system (Elbahri et al. 2019). Hence, the NetSuite is best fit for the MLA
system implementation.
Options of implementation
i. In-House development: The In-house development means that the infrastructure that
a software requires to implement information system can be built within the
perimeters of the Farm (Schniederjans and Yadav 2013). The implementation can
require Information technology Tools with a physical storage as database in Farm.
ii. Cloud Implementation: On other hand, the Cloud implementation can be opted to
avoid the Physical storage implementation in the Farm. The records will get stores in
cloud database which can have physical storages at any location. It can be costly,
however, it will provide the best capacity for the future increase in demands (Carutasu
and Carutasu 2016). The software can be used in house and the cloud implementation
will handle the information remotely.
iii. Third Part based: The Third Party based can have both the software and the storage
implementation that will be provided by a third party company that generally deals
with providing the cloud service and software (Yates, Kulkarni and Zurko 2013). It
can be costly, however, the management will be automated and the company will be
free of managing the infrastructure of the system.
Conclusion
The System Analysis and design is a long and never ending Procedure. However, the
identification of the facts, requirements and data have been done successfully. The report also
shows the modelling of the proposed system along with the suitable implantations with
commercial software packages. The Feasibility analysis can be done on the basis of the

34SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
identified business functions and system requirements of MLA. According to the Feasibility
study the recommendations can be made.
Feasibility Analysis and Recommendations
The Inbuilt ERP in the NetSuite will help in manage the order and vegetable tracking
for the MLA system. The software packages are designed to provide the service for the
business organisation. The Feasibility study is important for identifying the software
capabilities of fulfilling the business requirements. First, the In-house implementation can
have some problems as Phil and Wendy do not have any IT related skills and knowledge.
Also, there is no staff for managing the IT infrastructure in the farm, hence it may require
another recruitments in the organisation. Also, the Farm will have to manage the IT
components and keep it safe from the dust and other obstacles. Second, the combinational
approach will require only the usability of the software as it will have less Infrastructure
components. Also, NetSuite have an inbuilt training and webinar that can be used in learning
of the employees. Third, the third party implementation can be costly and it doesn’t seem
suitable as the most of the controls of the business will not be in the hands of the company.

35SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
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40SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Appendices
Activity 1 - Organizational chart
Figure 1: Organisational Chart of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

41SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Activity 3 – Gantt and Pert chart
ID Task
Mode
Task Name Duration Start Finish
0 “Natural-Lee" information system 12 days Mon
30-09-19
Tue
15-10-19
1 start project 0 days Mon 30-09-19 Mon 30-09-19
2 meeting with staffs and agronomist 3 days Mon 30-09-19 Wed 02-10-19
3 conducting interview with the staffs 3 days Thu 03-10-19 Mon 07-10-19
4 review of the farm records of produce,
season, customer purchases, cost and profits
3 days Tue 08-10-19 Thu 10-10-19
5 observing business operations 1 day Tue 08-10-19 Tue 08-10-19
6 interview of customers 1 day Wed 09-10-19 Wed 09-10-19
7 analysing the accounting process currently
used
2 days Fri 11-10-19 Mon 14-10-19
8 study a sample of orders and payment
transactions
2 days Fri 11-10-19 Mon 14-10-19
9 undertake field work for home delivery
services
2 days Fri 11-10-19 Mon 14-10-19
10 preparing a report for Wendy 1 day Tue 15-10-19 Tue 15-10-19
11 stop project 0 days Tue 15-10-19 Tue 15-10-19
30-09
3 days
3 days
3 days
2 days
2 days
2 days
1 day
15-10
T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F
22 Sep '19 29 Sep '19 06 Oct '19 13 Oct '19 20 Oct '19 27 Oct '19
Figure 2: Gantt chart developed in MS project
Source: created by author

42SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Figure 3: PERT Chart developed in MS Project
Source: created by author

43SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Activity 5 – Questions
The list of questions that could be prepared for the system development engineer are:
a) What are the kind of functionalities that have been included at the customer side?
b) Is the chat functionality present within the system?
c) What are the strategies based on future maintenance of the system?
The list of questions that would be prepared for the project owner are:
a) What kind of system support approach would you suggest for the customer side?
b) Would you like to incorporate real-time tracking system in the information system?
Activity 6 – use case and activity diagram
Figure 6: Use-Case Diagram of MLA
Source: created by author

44SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Figure 7: Activity Diagram of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

45SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Activity 7 – System design
Figure 8: Conceptual design of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

46SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Figure 9: Physical schema of Natural Lee
Source: created by author

47SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Activity 8 – Sequence diagram
Figure 10: Sequence Diagram of Natural Lee
Source: created by author