BTEC HND Computing: System Analysis and Design - SDLC Models Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of system analysis and design principles, focusing on the evaluation of various Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models such as Waterfall, Iterative, Spiral, Prototype, and Agile, comparing their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the significance of SDLC in the investigation of developing systems, highlighting stages like preliminary investigation, requirement analysis, designing, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. Furthermore, the report delves into the components of a feasibility report, including economic, technical, operational, time, legal, social, and management feasibility, investigating their effects on system development. The report includes an overview of a proposed system with ERD and DFD diagrams, system-specific requirements, external interfaces, software and hardware interfaces, user interfaces, functional and non-functional requirements, and user system requirements evaluation through verification and validation. Desklib offers a wealth of similar assignments and past papers for students seeking to enhance their understanding.

System Analysis and
Design

Table of Contents
1. Task 1................................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Evaluation of various systems lifecycle models.............................................................2
1.2 Discussion about the significance of software development life cycle in
investigation of developing system...............................................................................................7
2. Task 2................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Discussion on the components of a feasibility report...................................................7
2.2 Investigating the effects of various feasibility criteria towards developing system
9
3. Task 1..............................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................11
3.1.1 Aim...................................................................................................................................11
3.1.2 Project Scope.................................................................................................................11
3.1.3 Abbreviations, Acronyms and Definitions..............................................................12
3.1.4 Overview of the Project...............................................................................................12
3.2 Overall Description of Proposed System........................................................................12
3.2.1 General Description about Project...........................................................................12
3.2.2 Hardware Interfaces.....................................................................................................12
3.2.3 Software Interfaces.......................................................................................................12
3.2.4 Product capabilities......................................................................................................13
3.3 ERD..........................................................................................................................................14
3.3.1 Context Level DFD........................................................................................................14
3.3.2 Data flow Diagram.........................................................................................................15
3.4 System Specific Requirements.........................................................................................19
3.4.1 External Interfaces of Proposed System.................................................................19
3.4.2 Software Interfaces.......................................................................................................19
3.4.3 Hardware Interfaces.....................................................................................................19
3.4.4 User Interfaces...............................................................................................................19
3.4.5 Functional Requirements............................................................................................19
3.4.6 Non-functional Requirements....................................................................................21
3.4.7 Evaluation of User System Requirements through Verification and Validation
Process 21
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References.............................................................................................................................................22
1. Task 1
1.1 Evaluation of various systems lifecycle models
To design and develop customized software product, SDLC methodology is applied for
build structure, plan design and control the entire software development process (Writer, 2018).
It makes the software product as a standardized. Basically there are 6 software development life
cycle models presented. Among them choosing the best one is not an easy task. We have to
compare all the SDLC models and analyze their advantages and disadvantages (iqbal, 2018).
Waterfall Model
In SDLC models, it is a very simple methodology to process. It follows easy classic life
cycle phases. Another name of this models is 'Linear-sequential' life cycle model. There are 6
phases in Waterfall model (Architects, 2018). Each phase of actions should be carried out
completely before entering into next phase. The verification and validation process can be done
by review team at the end of each phases of model. It helps to check that the project is on right
track. The following figure shows that the steps involved in this model (Hayakawa and
Matsukura, 2010).
Pros:
1. Simplicity; It is easy to understand by developer
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2. Each phases of product is developed separately because they are independent each
other.
3. This models suits for small project which carried out with clear requirements.
Cons:
1. As each phases work independently, the error or no output can be obtained when
integrating them together. So high level of risk is involved in this model.
2. It does not suitable for big projects.
Iterative model
Another name of iterative model is 'Multi waterfall model' life cycle (Testing Excellence,
2018). Cycles are spitted into small. These cycles are managed iteratively. At the end of each
iteration process, a working on a series of phases will be carried out. So on each end of cycle, a
working output software can be obtained as a result. The figure of iterative model is given below
(Verma, 2018).
Pros:
1. When the life cycle is being processed, the output or working software can be obtained
at earlier.
2. Testing the developed product and debugging is easier. Because occurrence of small
iterations.
Cons:
1. As this iterative model is very rigid, it is too difficult to overlap.
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2. Before starting the development process, all requirements are not collected properly so
that it led to architectural problem at end of each iteration cycle.
Spiral Model
It is more similar to the above mentioned spiral model except risk analysis (Software
Testing Material, 2018). It is an important place in SDLC. The steps involved in the spiral model
is given below (Testing Excellence SDLC, 2018).
To use the software product by various type of users, system requirements are defined
in depth-detail and this is for identifying the aspects of the system.
The most important step in this development model is preliminary design. It helps to
make a cost effective strategies to work on a project. In this stage, the new system is
developed. It represents the characteristics of final output as it is a scaled down system.
 The strength, weakness and risk involved in the system can be evaluated easily.
 Functional and non-functional requirements are defined for new prototype.
 planning and designing of newly developing prototype can be started
 For the developing project, testing process will be carried out
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Pros
1. The spiral model is very efficient for critical and big sized project
2. At earlier of lifecycle, the working or output software is developed
3. It helps to analyze the high level of risks.
Cons:
1. The cost of model installation is very high rather than others
2. It is not recommended for small projects.
3. The success of project is based on the risk taken on analysis phase only. So an expertise is
required for analyzing the high level of risk.
Prototype Model
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To overcome the disadvantages and risks involved in waterfall model, the prototype
model is used (Subjectcoach.com, 2018). Based on the requirement, a prototype is designed for
clear understanding of development. It is designed according to the current requirements. So,
this basic design helps to understand the client about final output of the product (shuisharma,
2018). The process involved in prototype model is given below.
Pros:
1. It benefits from the input given by user
2. At earlier, the prototype reveals the product output, it gives a clear understanding
which is being developed.
3. At starting stage, the errors and risks are detected so that it helps in efficient product
development.
Cons:
1. When the project comes big in size, the complexity is also increased.
2. As it performs the exploratory methodology, it involves in high level of risk
3. It involves the implementation and repairing the system, errors and bugs are inherent
part of the software development process.
Agile Model
It the wrapping up of incremental and iterative model (Solutions, 2018). On each iterative
cycle, the product is broken into small components and finally, the output model of software
component is delivered. Throughout the project, developing team, testing team and customers
work together in collaboration process. If any changes needed in product it can be intimated
through the review of each iteration (The Official 360logica, 2018).
Pros:
 The software product is delivered very quickly.
 It is very realistic approach for software development rather than others.
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Cons:
 If the customer is not clear about their requirement the final output could not be delivered
efficiently.
1.2 Discussion about the significance of software development life cycle in
investigation of developing system.
The following stages of the system development process and their importance were
analyzed (Medium, 2018).
Preliminary Investigation: This is the very essential as well as time consuming task for
determining the exact issue of the pre-installed system. In this stage, the analysis process can
take more days and hours to understand the exact issue of the system. Throughout this stage, a
survey could be carried out in order to collecting all the relevant requirements and resource
allocation for software system implementation.
Requirement Analysis: The system analyst can understand the entire working
procedure of the software system and its functionalities. Based on the analysis, he will prepare
a report and he can understand the overall performance of the software system.
Designing: The system analyst will build the software design on either paper or
computer system and based on the rough image he can comprise the requirements of overall
design. After that the best design will be chosen.
Coding: The system analyst will convert the programs to become the machine in a
readable form. This stage will become very time consuming process. Both coding and issue
fixing will be done through this phase (LinkedIn, 2018).
Testing: After the completion of coding analysis process the program will be testing
throughout the verification and validation processes.
Implementation of software system: It is the essential phase of the system. The
system analyst will validate the system by the execution of the system with positive feedback.
Maintenance: The final stage of the SDLC is the system maintains process. In this
stage the developed software product will be standardized.
2. Task 2
2.1 Discussion on the components of a feasibility report.
Economic Feasibility
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Economic Feasibility examine is the study which is probably related to fee advantage
exploration of the assignment/software (Sqa.org.uk, 2018). As an example personnel value,
attempting out price. This feasibility check the efficiency of a triumphing system.
This forms of have an examination which can be generally taken into consideration
responsibilities as they may gain extra than unique belongs to non-functional characteristics as
well as from computerization technique. It consists of time variation among virtual system parts
and real world system (Oer.nios.ac.in, 2018). The device charges need to additionally be
predicted in terms of primary belongings of coins, people and time.
Technical Feasibility
The principle motive of a technical feasibility have a take a look at is to grow to be aware
about if a sure path of movement is feasible—this is, will it work? A technical feasibility
assessment ought to be carried out to all tasks being considered as a way to higher recognize if
the project may be carried out “technically” and if it may be performed “proper here and now.”
moreover, the early degrees of technical evaluation will help apprehend regions of fortes and
vulnerable point inside the proposed challenge in order that we recognize wherein to direct
similarly thought, planning, sources or assistance (Software Engineering 10th Edition, 2018).
Operational Feasibility
This have a test investigates the factors which include the probably response of
personnel to the challenge and different proposed organizational changes that may stand up
thru enforcing this software (Deepak's Blog, 2018). Additionally Operational feasibility refers to
how properly a deliberate system solves the problems of the assignment and the manner
properly it sincerely works at the usage of the opportunities of the mission.
Operational feasibility is consequently one of the key factors of a feasibility examine. As
an instance, if the workers are very happy on working on the proposed system, when they
analyze and determine that they no need to change the degree of resistance on existing
system. Applicable elements proper right here problem if the task has cutting-edge
management assist and whether or not or no longer or no longer the customers were worried
inside the improvement of the perception (Ifs.host.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk, 2018).
Time Feasibility
Time feasibility offers to discover if the given venture might be completed in the given
time section or no longer. This study can assist mitigate the hazard that a task is losing its time.
Furthermore it lets in us to do the task orderly and absolutely (Ogcio.gov.hk, 2018).
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Time Viability have a look at enables to understand the numerous constraints on the
task agenda and whether or not they is probably fairly met, so that letter there couldn't be any
hassle to meet the mission purpose (Brighthub Project Management, 2018).
Legal Feasibility
Legal feasibility observe defines whether the proposed machine conflicts with prison
necessities, e.g. a records Processing gadget have to take a look at the local information
protection Acts. Even as an enterprise business enterprise has both internal or outside felony
suggest, such reviews are normally preferred. But, a venture can also additionally face jail
troubles after of entirety if this element isn't taken into consideration at this level. It also decide
whether or now not the proposed undertaking conflicts with legal necessities along with
diagnosed Acts, Statutes, or any pending law (Olagunju, 2018).
Social Feasibility
The social feasibility deals to test if the designed software system can be wonderful with
the people or now not (Synapseindia.com, 2018). This assumption could in standard have a
look at the possibility that the project could need to be stated via the use of the group of humans
which are without delay tormented by the Designed system (Pmi-impact.com, 2018).
Management Feasibility
The management feasibility observe could determine the organizational chart and
qualification of the people concerned. It checks if the team of workers of the corporation are
capable of taking walks and preserving the designed system.
2.2 Investigating the effects of various feasibility criteria towards
developing system
The Feasibility check is a valuation process of determining the possible best solutions to
a trouble and an advice on the satisfying possibility. It is able to determine whether or not or not
a manner be finished with the aid of a cutting-edge software development product extra
successfully than the triumphing one.
The feasibility examine need to observe 3 principal areas;
- Market troubles,
- Technical and organizational requirements,
- Financial review.
The effects of this have a take a look at are used to decide whether or no longer to
preserve with the project, or table it. If it without a doubt leads to an assignment being
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accredited, it's going to - earlier than the actual artwork of the work which will be started in
proposed work - be used to check the opportunity of the task's success (Slideplayer.com, 2018).
The feasibility can be determined based on the statistics record and its dependency with
joined along with existing procedures stated out on facts by the experts in society. Fact is
considered as an important thing in growth of society and it contributes a vital role in regular
beneficial useful aid. Information providers aims to reach this goal. In our lives, information has
been emerging one and it is an important thing which needs to be had even as wanted. The
Information service providers has been creating various tools and strategies to facilitate their
customers with proper and appropriate information (Simplilearn.com, 2018).
In the development of new type of library offerings, the statistics technology
implementation is demanded inside the libraries. After implementing IT inside the library, digital
library service provider has been evolved. In digital libraries, information generation is an
important thing because, the data needs to be modified successfully as well as the
characteristics of records inside the library. In decades, few years have seen notable
modifications in library due to facts era. As the development in information technology, a
sustainable and successful effect on library record. So that human effort is not needed inside
library. So that the technical impact can be found on record maintenance, offering and so on.
Operational Effect
Organizations which might be lean of their viable competition are societies who the best
of their operations in methods which is undoubtedly honestly modified with their intentional
goals. This lets in them to increase the operational effect of their technique and to gain
continuous extreme overall act.
Economic Effect
The 'monetary effect' of a primary event refers to the full quantity of greater outflow
produced inner a well-defined area, as an instantaneous end outcome of acting the result. For
maximum events, spending over site traffic in the nearby area (and particularly on
accommodation) is the maximum essential component in producing financial effect; but,
spending by using occasion organizers is each different vital attention. Economic impact
research generally searching for to installation the net alternate in more than a few financial
system - in specific terms, coins arrivals as well as discharges are measured to establish the
internet consequence.
Social Effect
Social effects aren't in all likelihood to manifest with the aid of risk and want to be
achieved if they're to arise. The region to start in conveying explicit social influences is for an
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instance to have essentially supposed objectives and purposes that define the shipping
mechanisms through which the slow effects will arise.
3. Task 1
3.1 Introduction
The main aim is to prepare an SRS document for Himilayan Hotel by analyzing and
studying the given requirements.
3.1.1 Aim
The main purpose of this SRS (System Requirement Specification) is to provide a deep
and detailed thought about the requirement description for given case Himilayan Hotel. It
provides an idea about how the Himilayan hotel needs to be built. The analysis will be carried
out by the developers, to build the application for Himilayan hotel, the developer should know to
select the suitable software to develop and launch the application in Himilayan Hotel. This SRS
will help to improvisation of this software application system, in future. By using this constructed
SRS, the Himilayan Hotel software application can be planned, coded, designed and finally
tested.
3.1.2 Project Scope
The software application product to be produced is Himilayan motel manage system on
the way to automate the most inn operations. Registration process and room booking systems
are considered as the first subsystem in this project. The booking process is to check the room
availability and reserving to new customer. Allocating food items for ordered customers and
delivering their order and billing process will be carried out by the administrator. It is the second
subsystem. The zero subsystem of this project is a desired control offerings as well as an
automated art work device which generates critiques to review all cabin operations and lets in
trade of subsystem information. The ones three subsystem’s functionality may be defined in the
element of second section Overall Description part of the Report. There are given up customers
for the Himilayan Hotel. The contribute customers are considered as resort personnel
(consumer care representative) and executives.
 permit on-line booking through the net (clients’ can view room, price and distinct facilities
of hotel
 on-line Reservation
 on-line reserving and charge Facility
 on-line Cancellation Facility
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 Allow automatic records entry techniques.
 Make certain green and dependable communique inside the resort.
 Permit easy felony modification of facts.
 Implement safety features to avoid unauthorized access to visitor statistics.
 allow rapid and clean retrieval of visitor statistics and records for immediate reference
sports
3.1.3 Abbreviations, Acronyms and Definitions
 Client or End users – The individuals who is actually expending the software
 HH – Himilayan Hotel
 SRS – Software Requirements Specification document
 Subjective satisfaction – A report that provides a complete approval of the developed
software system
3.1.4 Overview of the Project
The document of SRS has two important sections. In first section, an overall description
about project is explained. In second section, the specific requirements are analyzed. The
overall Description provides the description about all requirements of the Himilayan Hotel
belongs to a cool extreme phase approach. The specific desires section will be described in
part of the requirements of developing system.
3.2 Overall Description of Proposed System
3.2.1 General Description about Project
The hotel management system is working independently.
3.2.2 Hardware Interfaces
The HH can be placed on computers at a few degree in the hotel.
3.2.3 Software Interfaces
Every records of the HH can be organized using MySQL database. The information
records characterize the hotel rooms and records of their clients. The ones can be changed
over the end users. The details about availability of room has to be stored in database and that
will contain the room numbers and if they're available for new customers or already filled. The
users data record will integrate all of the particulars of the customer which consists of first name
of customer, last name of customer, amount of occupiers, allotted room, room rent by default
(can be changed based on the facilities provided by customer), Contact number, whether or no
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longer or now not the room is guaranteed, credit score rating card range, declaration massive
choice, automatic cancellation date, anticipated take a look at in date and time, actual check in
timing, anticipated check out timing with respective date, quantity allocated via manner of
supporter, and reduced customer feedback.
3.2.4 Product capabilities
Reservation and booking system
 permits online booking via the internet (customers’ can view room, rate and wonderful
centers of hotel)
 online Reservation
 online reserving and price Facility
 online Cancellation Facility
 Allows computerized records entry techniques.
 Ensures inexperienced and reliable communication inside the lodge.
 Allows easy criminal change of facts.
 Enforces safety features to keep away from unauthorized access to traveler facts.
 allows fast and easy retrieval of traveler records and information for instant reference
sports activities
 consists of an define challenge for the modified price
 while a customer checks in, the room extensive variety can be modified to occupied
inside the record resort manipulate system software program requirements
specifications
 capacity to adjust a reservation
 on an indistinguishable time from no rooms are accessible and a buyer might want to
build their reservation their information may be situated in a database and even as there
are rooms accessible the essential buyer at the posting may furthermore have the room
 even as a client exams out the sum owed is shown
 If the inward clock expresses that might be a client's a great opportunity to have looked
at and supporter has never again taken a gander at, presents a comparably evening
time to amount owed and offers a report actualities that room is empty
 Information about room lease and sustenance cost
 allows in for territory to introduce composing shopper's comments
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3.3 ERD
3.3.1 Context Level DFD
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3.3.2 Data flow Diagram
Opening New Room
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Check-in new customer:
Record Modification
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Check-Out customer
Display the customer details
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Billing
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3.4 System Specific Requirements
3.4.1 External Interfaces of Proposed System
The following devices are required in this project.
1. Mouse
2. Keyboard
3. Printer
4. Monitor
3.4.2 Software Interfaces
The developing system uses Oracle database or Microsoft Access Database.
3.4.3 Hardware Interfaces
The proposed system will support any versions of windows system.
3.4.4 User Interfaces
The below given figure shows that the user interfaces of Himilayan hotel management
system.
3.4.5 Functional Requirements
 The proposed system should record reservations.
 The proposed framework should archive the client's first name.
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 The proposed HH administration framework should report the buyer's whole subtle
elements.
 The HH administration framework ought to keep up a record the aggregate number of
tenants.
 The proposed framework should archive the room points of interest productively.
 The HH administration framework should demonstrate the nonappearance room lease.
 The framework should allow the default room rate to be adjusted.
 The framework ought to require a remark to be entered, depicting the explanation behind
changing the default room charge.
 The HH administration framework should document the supporter's cell phone enormous
assortment.
 The proposed framework should demonstrate whether or never again or not the room is
guaranteed.
 The HH administration framework ought to create an exceptionally definite approval go
for every reservation procedure.
 The HH administration framework ought to definitely cancel non-ensured reservations if
the customer has now not provided their FICO assessment rating card assortment by
means of 6:00 pm on the test-in date.
 The HH administration framework should record the expected investigate date and time.
 The proposed framework should report the anticipated checkout timings fittingly.
 The HH administration framework ought to permit approved clients.
 The HH administration framework ought to enable reservations to be altered even as
now not having to re-enter all the data about clients.
 The framework should checkout clients with no contentions.
 The proposed application should show the sum charged by method for the utilization of
the buyer.
 To recover customer insights the last call or room colossal range will be utilized
 The framework should report that the room is unfilled.
 The application should record the value points of interest suitably with GST.
 The framework should report the rate points of interest.
 The framework should rate the buyer for a correspondingly evening if they checkout after
11:00 a.m.
 The framework should check guaranteed rooms as "should pay" after 6:00 pm on the
investigate date.
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 The framework should document customer criticism
3.4.6 Non-functional Requirements
The non-functional requirements are given below.
 Reliability
 Security
 Availability
 Maintainability
 Portability
3.4.7 Evaluation of User System Requirements through Verification and
Validation Process
The accompanying are confirmed and authorized with the requirements of clients.
Booking
The booking potential is attempted, the client comes and hobby for the reserving of room
and desk as that is one of the simple restriction of this structure, as it's far a bit of your system
with which the client will companion, it can be visible that the customer functions of intrigue are
entered precisely endorsement are accomplished genuinely, maintaining repute is exhibited
fittingly and the purchaser are all round taught.
Food Order
This restrict is the internal bit of the cabin device as it is used simply by the delegate of
the inn, this limit is checked that the client gives the sustenance arrange and the call for is taken
fittingly because the time element is basic on this on this restriction with reference to the
transport of the demand.
Stock control
stock enterprise is in like way the internal bit of the structure as it is dealt with by means
of the inventory boss, this limit is confirmed the inflow and overflowing of the information to
check the factor stage, to present the reputation of the inventory.
Bill Payment
The Clerk handles this limit as he grants the bill for the consumer. This restriction is tried
to see that whilst the invoice is added data related to the bill comes well to the collaborator while
then statistics is technique the bill is made truly.
Reports
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Because of the chairman dept. handle this limit, to test the reviews of the surprising range of
divisions, that is checked retaining in thoughts the stop aim to see that once the reviews are
delivered every one of the information of the related office goes to the director authentically with
the goal that the file made are correct.
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