System Analysis and Design Report: QAHE University Library Project

This report presents a system analysis and design for a new library at QAHE University. It utilizes object-oriented design principles to analyze information flow and system components. The report details the library's operations, including user interactions and data management. The core of the report includes visual models like use case diagrams, which illustrate user interactions such as logging in, borrowing books, and returning them. Sequence diagrams are used to depict the interactions between various objects within the system, while activity diagrams outline the workflow of library processes. Collaboration diagrams showcase the interactions between objects to achieve specific functionalities. The report covers entities such as students, staff, books, and publishers, along with their attributes and relationships. The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the library system's design and functionalities.

System Analysis and Design
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASKS.............................................................................................................................................3
Use case diagram.........................................................................................................................3
Sequence diagram........................................................................................................................9
Activity diagram........................................................................................................................10
Collaboration diagram...............................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
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INTRODUCTION
System analysis and design is a type of method for analysing the flow of information within
the corporate through data flow diagrams. This process is defining the overall components,
architecture and other data of system that can satisfy the specific requirements of system. It is
used the Object oriented design to analyse the application through visual modelling.
This report is based on the QAHE university that has a build new library for students and
staff. This report will discuss about the overall activities that performed in the library system. It
will design the use case diagram, class diagram and so on.
TASKS
Use case diagram
Figure 1
Use case diagram is the simplest form of software and system requirements for new programs
that can specify their expected behaviour of users those who will participate in the system design
(Chren and et.al., 2018). It can be shown as a visual representation and main concept of
modelling that useful for designing the system from end users. It is the most effective methods
for the purpose of communication that represent the behaviour of users and also specifying all
the external behaviour of system.
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According to use case diagram, it is representing the library system that perform different
operations such as login, borrow books, return books, update book details and modify etc. these
are multiple operation performed in the Library system. This system can contain the 3 use cases
and identify the actors.
Use cases Library system
Description Library system allows to store all information
about the books and it help the student to
search the particular book details in effective
manner. This system will allow to issue the
book through online mode. Afterwards, it also
identifies the specific due date to submit books.
Actors Student
Staff
Pre-condition  Student is registered to login their own
accounts and send a request for the
purpose of book issued.
 Student should enter the specific details
such as login username, password etc.
Post-condition  It will be record the stock of library
items and also added review of other
customers.
 Admin will perform the action to
remove out of stock item and its detail
in the system.
 It will add, delete, modify of the
members of library.
 User able to request to reserve them
when it can return to the library and
provide the notification of availability.
Table:1
Use cases Member record
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Description It should be stored the information about the
members. Admin has required to add new
members in the system and remove old
members or its details about item. This system
will allow to the user for issued book through
library system.
Actors Student
Staff
Pre-condition  User is registered to login their own
accounts and send a request for the
purpose of book issued.
 Student should enter the specific details
such as login username, password etc.
Post-condition  It will be record the stock of library
items and also added review of other
customers.
 Admin will perform the action to
remove out of stock item and its detail
in the system.
 It will add, delete, modify of the
members of library.
 User able to request to reserve them
when it can return to the library and
provide the notification of availability.
Table: 2
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Class diagram
Figure 2
It is based on the static diagram that can represent the static view of different application. It is
not only visualise, describe the different aspects of libarary system. It is mainly constructuing the
executable code within the software application or software (Clayton, 2018). According to the
figure, It is describeing the different attritude of each class and also shows the constraints which
imposed the overall system. It is directly mapped with the object oriented programming. The
class diagram is collecting the constraints, classes, interfaces etc. The basic purpose of diagram
to create static view within application and also maintain their flow of information in proper
manner.
Each class contains the specific entities in the diagram such as Student_table,
Book_table, Staff_table, Author_table and publisher etc. it conists of the multiple attributes like
book_id, name, email, phone, address.
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Enitities Attributes
Student  Student_id
 Name
 Email
 Phone no
 Age
 Booking_id
Publisher  Publisher_no
 Publisher_name
 Publisher_address
Author  Author_id
 Author_name
 Author_email
 Author_phone no
Book  Book_id
 Name
 Title
 Price
 available
Staff  Staff_id
 Name
 Age
 Phone no
 email
Member  Member_id
 Name
 Type
 Phone no
 Email
 age
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Table :3
These tables are shown the specific classes and its attributes. These are important
attributes that can establish the relationship between one or more classes. According to figure 2,
It should be representing the multiple classes and connecting or establishing the relationship
between them. A class relation must include one or more relationship between other classes.
There are different types of relationship represented in the Class diagram such as:
Generalization- It can be used for Is-a relational from the specification to the general class. In
this way, a common class must be used in the behavior and their specific structure from the
generalized classes (Keenan and et.al., 2018). This concept can be understanding through the
inheritance. In Figure 2, it has been creating the generalization relationship between books,
author and publisher. Book class is generalization that create relationship with author and
publisher. it should be collect the information about the books.
Association- this type of relationship is created between one or two objects that can
define the multiplicity. It ensures that aware about the cardinality relation because it define the
association in proper manner. In Figure 2, It has been created association relation between
student and books when student must be associated with the books to access details about the
items through online system. In this way, it has been established the relationship between them.
Aggregation- It is a type of special cases in terms of association when it has created the
directional association between tow objects. When one object has another object so that they
have hot the aggregation between them. A direction may be specified that when it contain the
another object. This relationship is also known as “Has” relation.
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Sequence diagram
Figure 3
A Sequence diagram is basically the interaction between multiple objects in sequential manner in
order to which interaction occurs between different objects (Somerville and et.al., 2018). This
diagram can be used to understand the events and scenario of system design because it refers to
understand the functionality of each object through sequential diagram. It includes the classes
and objective in the scenario and exchange the message between them that can show in the form
of sequential diagram. It is generally associated with the use cases in logical manner under the
system development. Sometimes, it is also known as event diagrams.
As per diagram, it can be identified that objects demonstrate the specific role when
student send a request to the members like staff those who always maintained the information
about the library system. It should be stored, update, delete and modify the records of each books
in the online system. Student check all the availability of books and if in case it has found that
members will provide the information of books and its title, name, publisher.
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Activity diagram
Figure 4
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Activity diagram is a described the graphical representation of information workflow in set by
step. It is performed the actions and activities with support the overall functionality that
coordinate with services at different level of abstraction (Zapata, Barra and et.al., 2018).
Generally, event required to achieved by different operations, particularly when the operation
must be intended to achieve the large number of things. It is the most suitable UML modelling to
collect the data and represents in the form of business workflow.
According to figure 4, it shows the flow between the different activities of student,
members and books etc. First of all, it starts when user must login the system to check the
availability of books. In case if it doesn’t found the availability so that they can send message to
the user regarding “No availability”. Afterwards, it can movie towards the next task when it will
check validity of members because it is an essential for identifying the authorised members those
who will access the information regarding books and other. In case if it has been not found the
member’s validity to generate the message of “not valid”.
On the other hand, Admin will update the information about the issued book so that user
can easily check the status in proper manner. Administrator will provide the authority to the user
when they can easily search the information and availability of items. Now move to transaction
task that possible towards the admin to add, modify and update the details of student in the
system. On the other hand, it should be accepted the request of user related to return the item on
specific deadline while user will forget to return item on time so that they would be paid the fines
for late return. It is also possible to generate email remainder and sent to the user so that they
have return the item on specific deadline.
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Collaboration diagram
Figure 5
This diagram is useful to show the objects that interact and perform the different behaviour on
particular use case. On the other hand, it can be used by the developer to define the specific role
of objects in business that help for maintain their flow of events. It is the primary source of data
to identify the interfaces of classes.
 It is collecting the different actors and objects to create interrelation between them. They
are performing different task for the purpose of data exchange (Zhou and Wu, 2018).
 It defines the set of multiple participants and create an effective relationship between
them.
 Each and every object must be supports the functionalities and its specific task.
 Objects are produced the high level of capability to perform function by working
together.
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Collaboration diagram can resemble the work flow chart that perform specific roles,
behaviour and functionality of each object and its entire operations. According to Figure 5, it
understands the collaboration between loan, members, transaction and books. Administrator
plays important role to control the overall functionality of library system and it has provided the
authority to the student so that they can login to check the availability of books and other items.
Admin has been modified and updated in the status of book according to the requirements. It
is possible to report on different items loan out the particular member at single time. it is
important to maintain or loan all item from the system and loaned out on the specified time
intervals. In this way, it easier to access the resources for management purpose.
CONCLUSION
As per discussion, it concluded that System analysis and design is an essential process for
analysing the requirement of flow of information and representing in the form of sequential
diagrams. It is better ways to shown in proper manner where all user can easily understand the
information. This process is also defining the overall components, architecture and other data of
system that can satisfy the specific requirements of system. This report will design the new
library system of university so that it useful for student and staff members to maintain all
information in it. This documentation is described the entire functionality of library system to
collect and store details.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journal
Chren, S. and et.al., 2019, May. Mistakes in UML diagrams: analysis of student projects in a
software engineering course. In Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on
Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (pp. 100-109).
IEEE Press.
Clayton, M., 2018. Managing library automation. Routledge.
Keenan, A.B. and et.al., 2018. The library of integrated network-based cellular signatures NIH
program: system-level cataloging of human cells response to perturbations. Cell
systems. 6(1). pp.13-24.
Somerville, M.M. and et.al., 2018. From global theories to local practice and original knowledge:
learning the way through systems co-design.
Zapata-Barra, M. and et.al., 2018. Towards Obtaining UML Class Diagrams from Secure
Business Processes Using Security Patterns. Journal of Universal Computer Science.
24(10). pp.1472-1492.
Zhou, M. and Wu, N., 2018. System modeling and control with resource-oriented Petri nets. Crc
Press.
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