System Science and Engineering: Carmichael Coal Mine Case Study

This report presents a case study of the Carmichael coal mine in Queensland, Australia, proposed by Adani Mining. The project involves both open-cut and underground mining methods with the primary objective of producing 60 Mtpa of thermal coal for the Indian market. The report details the mine's needs, conceptual design, and potential environmental and social impacts, including its effects on the Great Barrier Reef, groundwater, and carbon emissions. It explores the mine's operational life, social impact assessment, and mitigation strategies. The conceptual design involves the development of a Greenfield coal mine, rail line, and associated infrastructure, with a working presence of approximately 90 years. The report highlights the project's challenges, including land disturbance, subsidence, and potential land contamination, and discusses the proposed reclamation and remediation efforts.

Running head: SYSTEM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
System science and engineering: A Case Study of Carmichael coal mine
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1SYSTEM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Executive Summary
This report is based on the Carmichael coal mine is a proposed warm coal mine in the north
of the Galilee Basin in Central Queensland, Australia. Mining is needed to be coordinated by
both open-cut and underground methods. The mine is proposed by Adani Mining, a totally
guaranteed helper of India's Adani Group. The change addresses a $16.5 billion hypothesis.
At top point of confinement the mine would make 60 million tons of coal a year, a lot of it
low quality, high red hot remains. The mine is required to make 2.3 billion tons over 60
years. The essential target of the task is to make 60 Mtpa (thing) of warm coal thing for
passage to deal with interest for coal in India. India is one of the world's fasted creating
economies is one of Australia's snappiest creating passage markets. Adani Enterprises
Limited is the greatest private power period association in India and expect an essential part
in the supply of vitality for India. Adani Enterprises Limited sees supply from Queensland
coal resources as key to meeting its goal of making 20,000 MW of vitality from its vitality
plants by 2020. Other than that the task does not proceed with it would likely incite Adani's
enthusiasm for coal being met outside of Australia and the upsides of important money
related venture would not be made sense of it. The mine is expected to contain six open-cut
pits and five underground mines. The surface exacerbation district is 27,892 hectares (68,923
areas of land). The mine site covers a locale of 44,700 hectares (110,456 segments of land),
around 447 square kilometers (173 sq. mi), and is around 50 kilometers (31 mi) long. This is
more prominent than various capital urban regions. For example, if the mine site run is put
over Paris, it covers the central district of the city and reaches out to its outside edges.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................3
2. Needs definition.....................................................................................................................3
3. Conceptual design..................................................................................................................5
4. Conclusion............................................................................................................................10
5. Recommendations................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11

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1. Introduction
This report is based on the Carmichael coal mine is a proposed warm coal mine in the
north of the Galilee Basin in Central Queensland, Australia. Mining is needed to be
coordinated by both open-cut and underground methods. The mine is proposed by Adani
Mining, a totally asserted helper of India's Adani Group. The change addresses a $16.5
billion hypothesis. At top cutoff the mine would make 60 million tons of coal a year, a
considerable amount of it low quality, high red hot remains (Klir 2013). The mine is required
to make 2.3 billion tons over 60 years. It would be the greatest coal mine in Australia and one
of the greatest on the planet. The mine possible the first of different extensive mines proposed
for the Galilee Basin and would support their progression. Passages are to leave the country
through port workplaces at Hay Point and Abbot Point in the wake of being transported to the
float by methods for rail.
The suggestion joins another 189 km rail line to interface with the current Goonyella
railroad line. A huge bit of the exchanged coal is needed to be sent to India. The mine has
drawn huge verbal confrontation about its stated fiscal favorable circumstances, its cash
related common sense, plans for government apportionment and the hurting biological
impacts. Widely, these have been portrayed as its potential impact upon the Great Barrier
Reef, groundwater at its site and its carbon transmissions (Wagner and Raymond 2015). The
radiations from expending the measure of coal foreseen that would be conveyed from this one
mine, paying little heed to whether sourced from it or elsewhere, would be approximately
0.53-0.56% of the carbon spending that outstanding parts after 2015 to have a likely shot of
not outperforming 2 degrees warming.

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2. Needs definition
The primary objective of the venture is to make 60 Mtpa (thing) of warm coal thing
for toll to deal with interest for coal in India. India is one of the world's fasted creating
economies is one of Australia's snappiest creating toll markets. Adani Enterprises Limited is
the greatest private power period association in India and expect an essential part in the
supply of vitality for India (Marnika, Christodoulou and Xenidis 2015). Adani Enterprises
Limited sees supply from Queensland coal resources as key to meeting its goal of making
20,000 MW of vitality from its vitality plants by 2020. Other than that the venture does not
proceed with it would likely provoke Adani's enthusiasm for coal being met outside of
Australia and the benefits of vital money related undertaking would not be made sense of it.
The Mine and on area establishment consolidates the open cut and underground mines
and supporting structure inside the point of confinement of EPC1690 and the eastern bit of
EPC1080. The Mine covers a total district of around 44,700 ha; 26,000 ha inside EPC1690
and 18,700 ha inside EPC1080, these extents will be obligated to mining leases and
approximately 1,820 ha for the offsite structure (Fonseca, McAllister and Fitzpatrick 2014).
The Carmichael Macro-figured Mining Study recognized that a coal store underlies an
extensive segment of EPC1690. Encourage change of the mine arrangement recognized the
prerequisite for out of pit misuse dumps and supporting establishment necessities which
cover the eastern bit of EPC1080 consolidated into the Project Area. With a creation rate
peaking at 60 Mtpa (thing), it is masterminded that the operational mine life will associate
with 90 years, which will isolate a vast part of the coal resources existing in the correct now
portrayed money related wrinkles.
As a noteworthy part of the Project EIS, Adani grasped an energetic social impact
evaluation (SIA). The inspiration driving the SIA was to perceive social favorable
circumstances and impacts and their centrality rising up out of the Projects works out

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(Grancea 2015). Impact recognizing evidence, accomplice engagement and ace advice
assisted with working up the lightening systems. Gathering engagement for the SIA was
joined with the EIS talk with process. The SIA was endeavored in meeting with the
Department of Economic Development and Innovation Social Impact Assessment Unit
(DEEDI SIAU), Isaac Regional Council (IRC), Charters Towers Regional Council and
authority communities in the territory. Information gave in the midst of arrive courses of
action endeavored among Adani and landholders was used as a piece of lieu of logical
examinations as the response rate for relevant investigation bolster by impacted landholders
was low.
Concerning lovely accommodation, while the modification in arrive use and resultant
change in scene character is portrayed as an important adjustment having an unending
impact, the affectability of beneficiaries is low (Jeong et al. 2015). It is typical that the
Project (Mine) will realize the immediate light of the night sky, in any case, most of the
receptors are of low affectability. It is expected that night lighting impacts will be of minor
significance.
The principal impacts in association with geology, geography and soils related with
the Project (Mine) will be in association with the irritation of land. Burrowing operations will
consider dynamic recuperation over the 90 year life of the Mine. Pits will be remediated by
driving the high dividers to a geotechnical stable point, and profiling the low divider to an
erosional stable slope that can be revegetated and reestablished in an indistinct path from the
rule body of the decorate. This will constrain the measure of land disturbed at any one time.
Dynamic reclamation of the Project Area will be endeavored, with the first round of
recuperation proposed to be grasped from 2018 (Kleinhans 2016). The last voids will be left
in an inside exhausting condition, to restrict potential arrival of social affair groundwater and
surface precipitation. All reestablished landforms will be regraded to an ensured and prudent

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stable grade, spread with topsoil, seeded and kept up until a self-supporting vegetative cover
is developed.
The underground mines may show subsidence over the longwall zones, nevertheless,
an extent of arrangement components may act to change the genuine subsidence. An ordinary
of 7.5 m of subsidence at the surface over the shallow longwalls is expected with the total
subsidence lessening with significance. The last course of action of overlying sheets and
sections will act to locally adjust strata response and result in conceivably cut down
estimations of vertical subsidence (Doneva et al. 2015). A review of the proximity and
potential for arrive contamination inside the Project (Mine) Study Area has completed no
present land contamination exist in the zone: the examination did not recognize any bundles
enrolled on the CLR and EMR. The advancement and operation of the Project (Mine) may
grow human prologue to earlier contaminated land that may not be enrolled, or set up those
contaminants into the water segment and leftovers, or into soil. In any case, it is
recommended that neither of the improvement or operational times of the Project will
provoke arrive contamination requiring selection in the CLR. Any potential impacts can be
managed sufficiently by executing the best possible alleviation measures.
The Project (Mine) will have a prompt impact upon the present land use and residency
of the Project Area. A dynamic move from the present cows touching region use to a mining
related land use will occur for the span of the life time of the Project (Mine). These Project
(Mine) impacts are unavoidable as a result of the zone of the coal store (Watson et al. 2015).
Regardless, the Project Area will be interminable supply of the Project (Mine) life and will be
reestablished progressively to a state solid with the enveloping domain.

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3. Conceptual design
Adani is proposing to develop a 60 million tons (thing) per annum (Mtpa) warm coal
mine in the north Galilee Basin around 160 kilometers (km) north-west of the town of
Clermont, Central Queensland. All coal will be railed by methods for a selective rail line
interfacing with the current QR National rail structure close Moranbah, and transported
through coal terminal workplaces at the Port of Abbot Point and moreover the Port of Hay
Point (Dudgeon Point improvement). The Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project (the
Project) will have a working presence of around 90 years (Langefeld and Binder 2017). The
Carmichael coal mine is a proposed warm coal mine in the north of the Galilee Basin in
Central Queensland, Australia. Mining is needed to be driven by both open-cut and
underground strategies. The mine is proposed by Adani Mining, a completely had
reinforcement of India's Adani Group. The headway addresses a $16.5 billion venture. Adani
is proposing to develop a 60 million tons (thing) per annum (Mtpa) warm coal mine in the
north Galilee Basin approximately 160 kilometers (km) north-west of the town of Clermont,
Central Queensland. All coal will be railed by methods for a selective rail line interfacing
with the current QR National rail structure close Moranbah, and transported through coal
terminal workplaces at the Port of Abbot Point and also the Port of Hay Point (Dudgeon Point
improvement). The Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project (the Project) will have a working
presence of around 90 years (Langefeld and Binder 2017). The Carmichael coal mine is a
proposed warm coal mine in the north of the Galilee Basin in Central Queensland, Australia.
Mining is needed to be driven by both open-cut and underground methods. The mine is
proposed by Adani Mining, a completely had reinforcement of India's Adani Group. The
headway addresses a $16.5 billion task.
The Project is comprised of two major components:

8SYSTEM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
The Project (Mine): a Greenfield coal mine over EPC1690 and the eastern bit of
EPC1080, which consolidates both open cut and underground mining, on mine structure and
related mine planning workplaces (the Mine) and offsite establishment.
The Project (Rail): a Greenfield rail line partner the Mine to the current Goonyella
rail system to suit admission of coal by methods for the Port of Abbot Point or possibly the
Port of Hay Point (Dudgeon Point improvement).
At peak restrain the mine would convey 60 million tons of coal a year, a considerable
measure of it "low quality, high slag". The mine is required to convey 2.3 billion tons over 60
years. It would be the greatest coal mine in Australia and one of the greatest on the planet.
The mine inevitable the first of different tremendous mines proposed for the Galilee Basin
and would support their change. Admissions are to leave the country by methods for port
workplaces at Hay Point and Abbot Point ensuing to being transported to the float by
methods for rail. The suggestion fuses another 189 km rail line to interface with the current
Goonyella railroad line. By far most of the conveyed coal is needed to be transported to India
(Bantu et al. 2013). The mine has drawn immense conflict about its ensured fiscal favorable
circumstances, its cash related sensibility, plans for government blessing and the hurting
normal impacts. Extensively, these have been delineated as its potential impact upon the
Great Barrier Reef, groundwater at its site and its carbon radiations. The outpourings from
expending the measure of coal expected that would be made from this one mine, paying little
respect to whether sourced from it or elsewhere, would be around 0.53-0.56% of the carbon
spending that outstanding parts after 2015 to have a conceivable probability of not
outperforming 2 degrees warming.
The mine is expected to contain six open-cut pits and five underground mines. The
surface disturbance area is 27,892 hectares (68,923 areas of land). The mine site covers an

9SYSTEM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
area of 44,700 hectares (110,456 segments of land), around 447 square kilometers (173 sq.
mi), and is around 50 kilometers (31 mi) long. This is more prominent than various capital
urban zones (Gadgil 2013). For example, if the mine site run is put over Paris, it covers the
central district of the city and reaches out to its outer edges.
Figure 1: Location of the project
(Source: approvals 2017)
Operations at the mine are required to exhaust 12 billion liters of water each year. It is
required to return only 6% of this water in the underlying five years. The mine will take a

10SYSTEM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
total of 297 billion liters of water from underground aquifers. The Carmichael River
experiences the focal point of the mine site. Expansions and surge banks must be worked
before the Southern mines are produced.
In the Queensland Land and Environment Court, Adani said it anticipates that the
mine will create 2.3 billion tons of coal more than 60 years. This infers normal generation of
around 40 million tons per year (Englander et al. 2015). As indicated by the current
Environmental Impact Statement, the Carmichael mine would create 60 million tons of coal
for every year (at crest limit) more than 60 years, or around 3.5 billion tons. The key features
of the Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project which is an ongoing project are is that there
will be six numbers of open-cut pits along with five underground mines. The mine will
comprise of coal handling as well as processing plant. In this project, water supply
infrastructure will be developed as well as 189 kilometer rail line. The off-site infrastructure
will also comprise of accommodation for workers and airport.
4. Conclusion
The results of expert examinations, amass meeting and accomplice engagement, close
by regulatory necessities, codes and standards all shape the structure which has chosen
venture obligations made by Adani. These obligations stretch out from far reaching social,
money related social and budgetary obligations, through to measures required to guarantee
normal regards specific to the Project site. They fuse promote examinations, field work and
checking required at various periods of the Project life. These revealed obligations are a bit of
an advancing system to meet EIS responsibilities. The Draft Environmental Management
Plans demonstrate an extent of organization and balance measures to be executed in the midst
of improvement and operation of the Mine and Rail. In light of the revelations of the EIS and
expecting utilization of the Draft EMPs and Draft Offsets Strategy, it is seen as that the

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Project can be endeavored without forbidden social, environmental or social impacts. The
Project in like manner shows an extent of shots and constructive outcomes to common and
State economies.
5. Recommendations
Some of the measures that have to be implemented for development of the
Carmichael Coal Mine are illustrated as below:
 Recruitment and preparing programs that address abilities deficiencies and reasonably
keep up a solid, talented workforce, and deliver potential obstacles to generally under
spoke to bunch joining the mining business.
 Development of a Local Industry Participation Plan that complies with Adani's Local
Buying Policy and enhances open entryways for associations in the district and
regional extents to offer items to the undertaking.
 Development of a Workforce Management Plan that joins an entire delegate
acknowledgment program tending to, notwithstanding different things, a Code of
Conduct for Employees and brief specialists concerning behavior, alcohol and
pharmaceutical use, social care and security.
 Development of a Housing and Accommodation Strategy that gives a pros settlement
town and brief improvement camps for the advancement and operational workforces
and responds to hotel and comfort issues in neighborhood and commonplace
gatherings.
 Provision of therapeutic, security and firefighting organizations to confine additional
weight on emergency organizations and proactive engagement with emergency
benefits in association with emergency response masterminding close by plan of
information required to allow forward orchestrating by emergency organizations.

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Mining Projects. In Assessing the Social Impact of Development Projects (pp. 45-60).
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approvals, A., projects, C., projects, C. and Project, C. (2017). Carmichael Coal Mine and
Rail Project. [online] Statedevelopment.qld.gov.au. Available at:
https://www.statedevelopment.qld.gov.au/assessments-and-approvals/carmichael-coal-mine-
and-rail-project.html [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017].
Bantu, R., Narmada, V., Aparna, S. and Mohan, V.M., 2013. A Project Report on Mining
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Doneva, N., Despodov, Z., Mirakovski, D., Hadzi-Nikolova, M. and Mijalkovski, S., 2015.
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of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of Mining Industry in Goa.

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