EBP107: Critical Appraisal of Magnesium and Anxiety Systematic Review

This report critically appraises a systematic review investigating the efficacy of magnesium supplementation in alleviating subjective anxiety and stress. The review analyzes 18 studies, focusing on samples with pre-existing vulnerabilities to anxiety, such as mild anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), postpartum status, and hypertension. The report evaluates the methodological quality of the review, including the search strategy, study selection, and assessment of bias. It examines the findings regarding the effects of magnesium on anxiety outcomes, considering factors like the bioavailability of different magnesium forms and the use of placebo controls. The report also discusses the limitations of the review and the evidence supporting the use of magnesium supplements for anxiety and stress. It concludes that there is not enough evidence to prove the positive effect of Mg supplements in the treatment of mild anxiety.

Evidence Based Practice Systematic review
critical appraisal

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Magnesium is an essential mineral which acts as a co-factor for maintenance of
homoeostasis in the body. There are various functions of this mineral such as production of
nucleic acids, use in ATP reactions and modulation of calcium concentration fluxes. There are an
array of poor health outcomes that are associated with inadequate intake of Mg such as
cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes etc. The pathophysiology of depression also heavily
relies on the magnesium along with the activity of psycho neuroendocrine systems (Sejbuk,
Mirończuk-Chodakowska, & Witkowska, (2022)). The most affective form of disorders that are
commonly experienced by the general population are anxiety related conditions. These disorders
have been proven to have a widespread presence of up to 15%. This systematic review evaluates
the efficiency of Magnesium supplements that are known to relieve the symptoms of subjective
anxiety and stress.
MAIN BODY
According to presented article, it is clearly stated that this particular review question is
well focused including the evidence based practice of the effects that magnesium supplements
have on and subjective anxiety stress. The anxiety related conditions are extremely common in
locals and with a lifetime prevalence of about 15%. This particular review is focused on
availability of evidence to study the effect of supplements of Mg which are employed in the
subjective measurement in anxiety and stress (Andersen, & Williams, 2021). All the identified
samples suggest the beneficiary effects of Mg in vulnerable people suffering from anxiety. The
efficacy of Mg was found to be a subjective approach in reducing subjective anxiety in
individuals.
This particular review question is well focused on the topic “effects of magnesium
supplementation of subjective anxiety and stress” which is addressed within this article. In
addition,the article has the motive to explore the knowledge related to conferring advantages for
patients suffering from already existing mild and sufficiently average levels of anxiousness.
There were about four from those eight studies which demonstrated affirmative effects of Mg
administration on anxiety outcomes (Dieye et. al., 2022). The summary section of the effects of
Mg samples states that the comparison between Mg and the related pharmaceutical anxiolytics.
The bioavailability different forms of Mg is an additional factor which is necessary to be

acknowledged. The majority of evidences have shown positive effect for administration of Mg
for the duration of 6-12 weeks.
This particular article involves the use of important and relevant studies that were
undertaken to impart the inclusive part of the research method. The bibliographic database and
evidence based sample studies have supported the outcome of the research questions of the
outcome of Mg in the body related to related to these levels of anxiety. The inclusion
observation tables and statistical information has helped in conduction of appropriate studies for
this research. Mg was found to have no effect on post-partum anxiety (Feinstein et. al., 2018).
However, no study proved the validation of measure of stress as an outcome.
Affirmative, the observations were mentioned in a tabular form which defined a quality
criteria for the presentation of an evidence based practice. The author categorised the
participation groups based on their anxiety levels and however, there was no mention of pre-
existing levels of anxiety in the samples. Therefore, the examination of Mg for reduction of
subjective anxiety was a valid approach which demonstrated many pre-existing vulnerabilities.
Positive effects of Mg administration were enhanced when a placebo was included (Haznedar, &
Bilgiç, 2019). The analysis of effect of treatment on specific subjective PMS symptoms was also
done by the author during the review of this article. The follow ups steps for differentiation of
treatment groups were not performed and stated.
The differentiation of follow-up steps was not performed and mentioned because of
which this particular study was successful in context to administration of any placebo (Kirichuk
et. al., 2020) . The methodological concern, however, did give evidence of the significant effect
of placebo demonstrated during the PMS phase. The main effect was the treatment of anxiety-
related symptom-ology which was analysed and reviewed by the authors. The combination of
results reported the affirmative signs of Mg in combination the B6 vitamin, compared to the
productivity of Mg administration alone. The evidence of the effect was undermined by
numerous methodological issues contributing to derive clear conclusions to these problems.
In this, the general reappraisal is help to state the positive effect of administration of Mg
for the treatment of mild anxiety. In addition, they also used to show the evidence which is based
on a female survey that suggests issues related to premenstrual symptoms which is showing an
aspect where Mg provide benefits. In addition to this, there are various of studies that is related
with the research question that the measurement of symptoms is appropriate. Moreover, the

recognize factor that well contributed that the Mg in the treatment of hypertension basis for
which are two studies that have no any preferential measurement but standard quality of living
life. that indicate which is implausible help to rectify the change which is all about underlying
specific symptoms (Peng, & Xie, 2021). The result is achieved through some of tool and
technique.
For the precision of result, the study in term of review is undertaken which is based on
systematic literature review. In context to research question, the quality and precision of study is
generally poor. There are various of studies that may include the placebo condition often they are
failed to make the proper evaluation that analyse the effect in appropriate ways. In addition,
outcome also used to show some of the aspect which is occurred with wrong selection of sample,
no confirmation on the identification, deficiency of placebo activity and poor analysis of
statistics. It is also crystal clear they are showing appropriate planned randomized control trail
which may value the trial in appropriate as per need and require of study (Pickering et. al., 2020).
At all, the precision of result is not accurate as per researcher want. Therefore, review indicate
that signs of magnesium on clinical disorder and show the experiments conducted of anxiety
among the human and animals model that used to provide rationale which is clear to make the
proposal that Magnesium supplements will have an affirmative effect in the treatment of mild
and moderate anxiety. In addition, overall studies help to provide the clear report which is
showing the value that is well related with Mg used as supplement that is unclear as per use of
review process i.e. systematic literature review.
Affirmative, it is also analysed that participant of this study is well selected as per the topic
named effect of (Mg) for abnormal levels of anxiety and stress. It may provide that they can
show the process of review which is work as tool to interpret the use on wider way that help to
make the outcome where the excess use of Magnesium lead to cause the alleviation is anxiety
and stress (Sejbuk, Mirończuk-Chodakowska, & Witkowska, 2022). The result usually focuses
on local population, the prevalence shows the data and statistic that clearly state that the rise of
anxiety and stress is happen due to use of excessive Magnesium.
In reference to article that is effect of Mg supplementation on psychological illness related
to stress and anxiety. As per the article is not enough potential to elaborate the use or effect of
Mg supplement where some of data and information clearly state they act as most accurate
reason to alleviate the issue of anxiety and stress and some of them neglect that this is happen

due to the Mg. Overall, study is used to taken which may help to provide the outcome which is
not clear because the survey and evaluation of interview usually focus on alleviation part of
anxiety and stress due to the use of magnesium (Shams-Rad et. al., 2022). In addition, the
anxiety related condition is show as most affective disorder as per current generation with a total
prevalence of about 15%. The position of magnesium is well associated with anxiety that lead
that shows the statement that show the magnesium supplements provide the symptoms of
comfort in the treatment of anxiety and stress (Shayganfard, 2022).
As per in depth analysis, it is well evaluated that fund is initially spend on the process of
research that may gather the information and data. The study that follow participant protection
and their safety as per the guideline of research consideration. Therefore, the outcome which is
derive from the reproach is partially with the harm and cost while conducting the research.
CONCLUSION
From the above essay, it can be concluded that there is not enough evidence that proves
the positive effect of Mg supplements in the treatment of mild anxiety. The effect of Mg was not
found to be positive even in the easing the premenstrual symptoms in woman. However, the
placebo response suggested the use of Mg supplementation as an option for treatment. There
selection of sample along with diagnosis and placebo control was inappropriate. There is a
requirement of well designed controlled trails which must include careful screening of different
samples for confirmation of presence of anxiety. The demonstration of effects was hindered by
the absence of a potential mechanism. The positive effect of Mg has been observed in reducing
psychological stress and anxiety. The behavioural effect of anxiety can be attenuated by
administration of magnesium supplements.

REFERENCES
Books and journals:
Andersen, S., & Williams, G. (2021). Does magnesium supplementation decrease anxiety in
adults?. Evidence-Based Practice, 24(2), 21-22.
Dieye, P. I., Wane, T. M., Faye, E. O., Gueye, R., Diop, A., Ndiaye, B., ... & Sarr, S. O. (2022).
Study of the antioxidant potential, polyphenol content, and mineral composition of
Cordyla pinnata, a plant for food and medicinal use of the Senegalese
pharmacopoeia. European Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), 56-62.
Feinstein, J. S., Khalsa, S. S., Yeh, H., Al Zoubi, O., Arevian, A. C., Wohlrab, C., ... & Paulus,
M. P. (2018). The elicitation of relaxation and interoceptive awareness using floatation
therapy in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity. Biological psychiatry: cognitive
neuroscience and neuroimaging, 3(6), 555-562.
Haznedar, N. K., & Bilgiç, P. (2019). Evaluation of dietary magnesium intake and Its association
with depression, anxiety and eating behaviors?. Journal of Human Sciences, 16(1), 345-
354.
Kirichuk, A. A., Klimenko, A. S., Lobanova, Y. N., Pobilat, A. E., Mazilina, A. N., & Koroleva,
A. A. (2020). The impact of magnesium on psycho-emotional stress and functional activity
of the cardiovascular system in students from African countries. RUDN Journal of
Ecology and Life Safety, 28(4), 408-416.
Peng, Y., & Xie, H. (2021). Analysis of the Effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(CAM) Methods to Decrease Body Image Dissatisfaction among Young Women during
2015-2020 and A Research Protocol. Clinical Complementary Medicine and
Pharmacology, 1(1), 100007.
Pickering, G., Mazur, A., Trousselard, M., Bienkowski, P., Yaltsewa, N., Amessou, M., ... &
Pouteau, E. (2020). Magnesium status and stress: the vicious circle concept
revisited. Nutrients, 12(12), 3672.
Sejbuk, M., Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., & Witkowska, A. M. (2022). Sleep Quality: A
Narrative Review on Nutrition, Stimulants, and Physical Activity as Important
Factors. Nutrients, 14(9), 1912.
Shams-Rad, S., Bidaki, R., Nadjarzadeh, A., Salehi-Abargouei, A., de Courten, B., & Mirzaei,
M. (2022). The association between major dietary patterns and severe mental disorders
symptoms among a large sample of adults living in central Iran: Baseline data of YaHS-
TAMYZ cohort study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1-16.
Shayganfard, M. (2022). Are essential trace elements effective in modulation of mental
disorders? Update and perspectives. Biological Trace Element Research, 200(3), 1032-
1059.