Systems Analysis and Design (ICT103) Assessment 2 Report - KOI

This report presents a Systems Analysis and Design assessment for a hotel booking system, employing UML modeling techniques to visualize and analyze the system's structure and behavior. The report meticulously details various UML diagrams, including use cases, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, a domain model class diagram, and a state machine diagram, providing a comprehensive understanding of the system's functionality and interactions. Furthermore, the report delves into the design of the user interface, adhering to design principles such as structure, simplicity, visibility, feedback, tolerance, and reuse to enhance usability. The analysis covers the roles of different actors (super admin, system users, hotel, and customers) and their interactions within the system. The report showcases the application of the software development lifecycle model for this project. The diagrams and descriptions collectively offer a structured approach to understanding the complexities of the hotel booking system, providing valuable insights into its design and implementation.

Running head: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Systems Analysis and Design: Assessment 2
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2
Use Cases:........................................................................................................................................2
Activity Diagram:............................................................................................................................5
Sequence Diagrams:........................................................................................................................6
Domain Model Class Diagram:.......................................................................................................8
State Machine Diagram:..................................................................................................................9
User Interface:...............................................................................................................................10
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................13
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction:
The case study of online booking system for a hotel is analyzed for identifying the
different functionality that are needed for the development of the booking system. The design of
the information system is needed to be evaluated with the application of UML modelling. It
provides a standard way for visualizing the method of designing the system. The UML is used as
a visual language for analyzing the structure and behavior of the hotel booking system. The
software engineer and the system architects can be benefited with design, analysis and modelling
the system. The report portrays the use case, activity, sequence, domain model class, state
machine and user interface diagram for creating an object oriented design and analysis. Different
types of forms and elements are used for creating an association between the elements and
forming the diagram. The hotel booking system is developed following the software
development lifecycle model. This is used since it is a small system and is well understood and
lowest budget is spent for the development of the project.
Use Cases:
The Use case is used as a graphical depiction for demonstrating the interaction between
the booking system elements. The methodology is represented for the system analysis such that
the system requirement can be identified, clarified and organized. The main actors identified for
the development of the booking system are the super admin, system users, hotel and the
customers (Pedrycz 2016). The actors perform different actions such as payment management,
booking management, hotel and room management, and the full system operation of the hotel.
The elements of the hotel booking system is given in the below use case diagram:

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Relationship between the use case and the actor is given below:
Super Admin: The use case of super admin are as follows:
 Management of full application
 Manage Hotel
 Customer Management
 Login and Logout
 Update profile
 Change password for account
System Users: The use cases for the system users are given below:
 Manage Rooms
 Manage Services

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 Manage Payments
 Login and Logout
 Update profile
 Change password for account
Hotel: The use case for the entity hotel is given below:
 Room allotment
 Collection of payment
 Checking booking request
 Login and Logout
 Update profile
 Change password for account
Customer: The use case for the entity customer is given below:
 Book room
 Search hotel
 Make Payment
 Login and Logout
 Update profile
 Change password for account
Activity Diagram:
The activity diagram is created for the demonstrating the flows between the hotel activity,
room service, booking of customer and service management. The following are the main activity
that are included for the development of UML activity diagram for booking system.

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 Management of hotel activity
 Room activity
 Customer activity
 Booking activity, and
 Service activity
The activity diagram is used for the demonstration of flow between the activity of login
where the admin can login into the system with the username and password. The operation is
needed to be managed after login. The user is provided the option to select room based on their
search preference and they are informed about vacant room. If the room is available the user can
proceed to the next stage of booking and complete the payment. On the completion of the
payment step the booking is confirmed and the database is updated with the details of the
customer and room. A report is generated and a confirmation is sent via email to the customer.

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The activity diagram have the feature that the admin can search for hotel rooms for
selection of room and taking payment form the customer. A report is generated after
confirmation of the room and is sent to two state such as waiting and confirming using email.
Sequence Diagrams:
The user needs to login to the booking system for the management of service and other
operation of the hotel booking system. The sequence diagram is created below for the
demonstration of working of the information system and access of the user after securely login.

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The interaction between the objects are shows with the help of an arrow. The sequence diagram
is used for the demonstrating the interaction between the system elements and it can also be
called event diagram. The actors in the sequence diagram represents the role for his interaction
with the system and the different objects. The actor is kept out of scope for modelling the UML
diagram, they are used for depicting the roles (Campean and Yildirim 2017). The communication
between the system objects is shows using message and it appears in a sequential manner. For
the representation of the messages arrow is used and it is also the core of the sequence diagram.
The following are the instances of the class objects that are included in the UML sequence
diagram created for hotel booking system:
 Hotel management
 Service management
 Booking management
 Room management
 Payment management

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Domain Model Class Diagram:
The domain model class diagram for the hotel booking system is used for creating a
structure of the system classes of hotel management, their attributes, operations and
demonstrating the relationship of the objects. The main classes of the hotel are the admin,
customer, room and payment.

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State Machine Diagram:
The state machine diagram is created which demonstrates the components and
representation of the condition of the system which is a definite part of the system for a finite
instance. It acts as a behavior diagram and the state is represented using a finite state of
transition. The dynamic behavior of the hotel booking system is represented by the state machine
diagram. The state of each of the class is modelled with minimum of three states (Davis and Yen
2018). The state chart diagram states the events that are responsible of changing the states and
understand the reaction of the classes or objects for the external or internal elements. The state
chart diagram is different from flow chart since it is used for portraying the multiple changes in
the state but not the commands or processes that are responsible for the changes.

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User Interface:
The user interface is designed following the design principles such that the quality of the
interface is improved. The design principles that are followed are the structured principle,
simplicity, visibility, feedback, tolerance and reuse. The structured principle consists of
organizing the user interface on the basis of clear and consistent model that can help the user to
recognize the important elements (Lewis 2016). The relatable things are putted together and the
dissimilar things are separated such that the interface design have a resemble structure. The
structured principle is followed for improving the quality of the overall architecture of the user
interface. The design is kept simple and clear communication is used for improving the
understandability (Oulasvirta 2017). The use of good shortcuts are increased and the needed
option are kept visible such that the user does not face any distraction with the use of redundant
information. The user are also needed to be kept informed about the action of the buttons such
that the errors can be exempted and clear, concise and ambiguous languages are used. The
tolerance principle helps in increasing the flexibility of the design and reduces the cost of any
error and prevents them for further occurrence (Dudley and Kristensson 2018). The internal and
the external components are needed to be reused such that a consistency is maintained for each
of the pages and the user does not feel redirected.

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Conclusion:
The development of the structural and behavior diagram the dynamic and static aspects
can be captured. The UML diagram uses the concept of class, object, inheritance, abstraction,
encapsulation and polymorphism. The class is used for defining the functionality and structure
and the object is used for decomposing the large system and it modularize the hotel booking
system. The system can be divided into multiple components such that the system can be
developed piece by piece. The child classes are used for inheriting the parent class property. Use
case is used for depicting the functionality of hotel booking system and demonstrating the
functional requirement and interaction of the system with external agents. The activity diagram is
used for the illustration of control flow and identification of the different steps that are needed
for executing the use case. The sequence diagram is used for depicting the object interaction in a

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sequential manner. It is used for understanding the requirement for the existing and the new
system. The class diagram is used for building block for an object oriented software and
depicting the structure of the system with the demonstration of classes of the system and its
attributes. The relationship between the objects and the classes can be identified from the class
diagram. The state machine diagram is used for the representation of the system condition and
modelling the dynamic behavior of the class. Finally the user interface is used for representing
the functionality with front end graphics that can be used by the user of the booking system for
adding/creating new user, checking room’s availability, calculation of cost and other transaction
related with booking.

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Bibliography
Bandara, S.S.G.B., 2017. Online Hotel Management System for Trevene Hotel Group (Doctoral
dissertation).
Campean, I.F. and Yildirim, U., 2017. Enhanced sequence diagram for function modelling of
complex systems.
Davis, W.S. and Yen, D.C., 2018. The information system consultant's handbook: Systems
analysis and design. CRC press.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Roth, R.M., 2018. Systems analysis and design. John wiley &
sons.
Dudley, J.J. and Kristensson, P.O., 2018. A review of user interface design for interactive
machine learning. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS), 8(2), pp.1-37.
Gupta, A.K., 2017. Response spectrum method in seismic analysis and design of structures.
Routledge.
Lewis, J.R., 2016. Practical speech user interface design. CRC Press.
Möhring, M., Keller, B. and Schmidt, R., 2019. Insights into Advanced Dynamic Pricing
Systems at Hotel Booking Platforms. In Information and Communication Technologies in
Tourism 2019 (pp. 265-277). Springer, Cham.
Mubin, S.A., Jantan, A.H., Abdullah, R. and Kamaruddin, A., 2016. UML-based Conceptual
Design Approach for Modeling Complex Processes in Web Application. Int. J. Appl. Eng.
Res, 11(6), pp.973-4562.

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Oulasvirta, A., 2017. User interface design with combinatorial optimization. Computer, 50(1),
pp.40-47.
Pedrycz, W., 2016. Granular computing: analysis and design of intelligent systems. CRC press.
Prarthana, Y.N., 2017. Web Base Hotel Management System For Hotel La-Vila (Doctoral
dissertation).