B01SYAD310 Systems Analysis and Design Report: ABC Car Fleets System

This report presents a comprehensive systems analysis and design for ABC Car Fleets, encompassing a detailed examination of the current system and the proposal for a new system. It begins by outlining both the functional and non-functional requirements, including authentication, authorization, registration, data storing, listing cars, request submission, payment processing, vehicle recording, and reporting functionalities. The report then explores various fact-finding methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and observation of the work environment, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, it discusses system development tools and methodologies, including diagram case tools, GitHub, Agile, and DevOps, emphasizing their roles in the design and implementation phases. The report also includes visual representations of the system through UML diagrams, such as Use Case, Context, Data Flow, and Entity Relationship diagrams, to illustrate the static and dynamic aspects of the proposed application and the required data elements. Overall, the report aims to provide a clear understanding of the system's architecture, requirements, and development approach for ABC Car Fleets.

Running head: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Systems Analysis and Design
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s note:

1SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2
System Requirements:.....................................................................................................................2
Fact-Finding Methods:.....................................................................................................................5
System Development Tools and Methods:......................................................................................8
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................9
Use Case Diagram:........................................................................................................................10
Context Diagram:...........................................................................................................................11
Data Flow Diagram:......................................................................................................................12
Entity Relationship Diagram:........................................................................................................13
References:....................................................................................................................................14

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Introduction:
System analysis is the process of collecting problems and fact about the current system
and analyzing the issues to find gaps. Moreover, system analysis provide the basic building
blocks for creating a solution for current issues. System design refers to the process of modelling
the requirements of proposed solution identified during system analysis process. System analysis
and design provide the opportunity to understand input and output of business requirements. In
addition, it provides the way of recognizing the gaps and potential solution to these gaps. UML
models are great source of identifying static and dynamic nature of the proposed application.
Data models like DFD and ERD provides insights to data elements required for running the
business.
This report is written based on current system and future system of ABC Car Fleets. It
requires a new system to control and track its business process. The report includes the system
requirements, fact finding techniques and system development approaches. In addition to that,
report will also focus on visualizing the nature of the system and data requirements through
various models.
System Requirements:
For developing a system, two types of requirements are needed to be identified. These
two requirements are functional and non-functional requirements. Functional requirements
shares the idea of what system will be executing to meet business and user requirements. Non-
functional requirements concentrate on describing the quality of service that system will provide
to users.

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Functional Requirements: In the following section potential FR or ABC Car Fleet
system is provided.
i. Authentication: Authentication refers to the security policy that prevent any
unwanted user from accessing the privileged system functions. The users will
have login credentials such as user id and password to login to system. Those
users who do not have these credentials will not get access to core functions.
ii. Authorization: Authorization, on the other hand, is another security policy that
prevents any user from accessing information or function that is not intended for
him/her. Authorization has layers that are mainly based on the user types.
Authorization makes sure that customers and managers have two different set of
tasks to complete. Customers cannot see the sales, employee or other customer’s
data, whereas manager can.
iii. Registration: The registration process sets the authentication credentials and
authorization level for a user. In order to register, the customers have to provide
all the required information like customerName, Address, Telephone, mobile, e-
mail, username and password. One thing to remember that username accepts only
unique values. Therefore, username cannot be same for two individual customers.
iv. Data Storing: It is an essential or can be said most important part of the business.
User specific data is what makes a system dynamic. The system will collect data
from customers through various forms, clicks and other interaction methods.
These data will be processed, verified and stored in a central database for later
use.

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v. Listing Cars: The system will make a list of the cars that are stored in database.
Customer, irrespective of logged in or not, can see this list of cars. Before
showing the list of cars, system will internally check if the car is marked for sale.
Because, only those cars which are intended to be sold will appear on that list.
Customers can see the information like price, mileage, engine capacity,
manufacturer, model, year of manufacturing and type of the cars.
vi. Submit Request: Customers can submit a request to see the car personally.
Customers, can also, request the customer support center to get more details
regarding the listed cars. System will provide an enquiry form which customers
will fill and submit to register a request.
vii. Payment: System will have a payment gateway. This payment gateway will
accept payments from customers regarding purchase of car or repair cost.
Payment gateway will be a part payment sub system. Payment subsystem will
track user payments. If a customer make advance payment then this subsystem
will store this record too. Therefore, every payment related processes and data are
managed by payment sub system.
viii. Record Cars: System does not have any automated approach for registering
vehicles that are sold by ABC Car Fleets. Employee will register each car into
system manually. System will provide a form to the employee who is responsible
for this task.
ix. Reporting: System must provide options of generating reports. These reports can
be categorized into sales, repairs, services, purchases employees, customers and

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many more. System will collect stored data and often process those data to create
the reports.
x. Finance: Only accounts department will have access to finance related
functionalities. Employee of accounts department can generate finance related
reports that will be provide to government. They will also see purchase, sales,
profit and other finance related information.
Non-Functional Requirements: Following section describes non-functional
requirements of proposed system
i. Security: Security is a very important factor in this system. System will store and
process sensitive business data and customer payments. Organization must secure
these data from cyber criminals at any cost. The data transfer from server to use
device and vice versa will be done using encryption method. Passwords will be
stored using hash methods.
ii. Availability: System availability is a crucial factor in business operations.
Customers can access the system at any time. It is highly significant that system
remain operational during business hours.
iii. Accessibility: With increase in mobile usage over the decade, it is essential that
customers and other users get privilege of accessing the system through mobile
device. System should support different desktop operating systems like Windows,
Linux and Mac.

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Fact-Finding Methods:
Fact-finding is a process of gathering data for business and users. It is essential that
system analyst choses the right fact-finding technique to get best results. Fact-finding techniques
are very biased on how a business operates and final solution to be provided in an undertaken
project. ABC Car Fleets System is a medium sized project that focuses on both the user and
business perspectives. Interviews, questionnaire and observation of work environment are the
most suitable three fact finding techniques application to this project.
Interview: It is one of the popular fact-finding methods of all time. It is commonly used
in various software development projects. This method requires two or more participants, ideally
two persons, to sit next to each other. Conversation is done face to face in interview process. One
person is the interviewer who asks the question to another person, interviewee. Interviewer need
to have good communication skill so that conversation can be constructive. Interviews are
categorized into two types such as structured and unstructured. In structured interview,
interviewer tries sticking to the predefined questions. In terms of unstructured interview, the
interviewer just follow a specific objective and few specific questions.
The primary advantage of interview technique is that interviewee can be motivated to
answer questions with more effective information. Better analysis of the answers given by
interviewee is possible in interview process. Interviewer can create specific questions for
different interviewee, thus possibility of getting accurate answers increases.
Biggest disadvantage of interview method is its cost of implementation. Significant
amount of time and effort is put into interview just a single interviewee.

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Questionnaire: Questionnaire is another fact finding method that collects data from the
end users directly. Questionnaire provides the environment to engage a lot of people into a single
data collection process. System analyst share a list of questions to the participants. Participants
fill those questions with answers and submit the form to system analyst. As same set of questions
are sent to multiple end users, all the participants can fill and send the forms simultaneously.
This makes the questionnaire process very time and cost efficient. Questionnaire is also divided
into two categories such as free format and fixed format.
In most of the questionnaire processes, participants fill the forms anonymously. This
allows the participants to provide answers more openly than interview. This method require les
effort, time and cost. Participants are willing to provide the actual answers. Responses from the
users can be collected remotely.
Incomplete answers can be a very important drawback of questionnaire method. As
participants can fill the data anonymously, often they fill incorrect or irrelevant data. System
analyst do not get the chance of evaluating user response.
Observation of Work Environment: Observation can be a great tool for countering the
issues occurred at above two fact finding techniques. In this technique, the system analyst mainly
focuses on how the business is executed from within. Analyst can study the flow of information,
existing controls, management strategies, customer patterns to understand the entire business
environment.
The advantage of observation is that it can provide a lot of information that is not
possible to collect through other two methods. Data collected from this method is always
unbiased and accurate.

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The disadvantage is that analyst must have knowledge about the processes that are being
executed within the organization. If the analyst is not skilled enough then a lot of wrong data can
be considered as crucial information.
System Development Tools and Methods:
Designing enterprise tool is the first system development tool that is used in software
implementation project. Enterprise Architect is one of the most effective diagram case tool.
Other examples are visual paradigm, MS Visio and more. These tools provide the platform to
build diagrams of proposed software solution. Diagram case is used in system design phase
where UML and data models are generally created. These diagram helps the project team to
understand static and dynamic behavior of the system as well as data requirements of it. Big case
tools like Enterprise Architect provides many ways to validate the diagrams so that any issue in
design phase can be avoided. Each diagrams are generated with a different purpose and focus. It
also helps the design team to follow a common objective.
GitHub is another great system development tool. GitHub is generally a version control
platform. GitHub is used in the projects as a great collaborative platform. All the developers can
contribute to GitHub repository. Each developer can work on their individual tasks on their local
machine and upon completion of tasks, can store final results into same GitHub location as
others.
Agile is the most popular system development methodology at present. Agile
methodology is applied to projects for minimizing the risks when scope creep is a major issue.
Project team develops the project in iterations. In agile, various teams work on different part of
the system simultaneously. Extreme programming, scrum, feature driven programming and

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many other forms of agile available. The biggest advantage of agile is releasing system in
iterations is possible. The project owner and end users can see system running within business
environment before project is complete. It provides a boost in stakeholders’ support toward the
project. Iterative release also increase efficiency and effectivity of project team. Due to having
lesser objectives for each iteration, they can focus on core requirements better. The biggest
disadvantage of agile can be its own flexibility. The organization if relies too much on capability
of agile in handling scope creep, then project may become too complex and time consuming that
it may fail.
Another popular software development methodology is DevOps deployment
methodology. DevOps is not only considered as development technique but also considered as a
support to organization culture. The primary focus of DevOps deployment remains on
organizational alterations that contribute more to collaboration among the departments that are
tasked with completing the project. DevOps has a lot of advantages such as it reduces new
release failure rate, enhance time to market, lesser lead time among fixes and more. If the
customer does not require continuous improvement within their system then DevOps is the worst
choice. Issues can rise due to different operational procedures in different departments.
Conclusion:
From the above report it can be stated that ABC Car fleets system is in need of a very
flexible system that can easily manage operations. The system will handle various processes that
has different input and output. It is a good practice to collect all the major requirements before
moving on to design task.

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Use Case Diagram:
Figure 1: Use Case Diagram
(Source: Created by Author)

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Context Diagram:
Figure 2: Context Diagram
(Source: Created by Author)