Taipei 101 Tower: A Case Study in Structural Engineering

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System Science and Engineering

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
Taipei 101 Tower.............................................................................................................................6
Major characteristics of Taipei 101.............................................................................................7
Stakeholder’s Requirements............................................................................................................8
Conceptual Design Process............................................................................................................10
General description of the conceptual design............................................................................12
Structural conceptual design description...................................................................................15
System Requirements....................................................................................................................22
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................27
References......................................................................................................................................28

List of Figures
Figure 1: Taipei 101 Tower.............................................................................................................5
Figure 2: Major project characteristics: Taipei 101.........................................................................6
Figure 3: Conceptual designing of the structure............................................................................10
Figure 4: Taipei during a Typhoon................................................................................................11
Figure 5: General base design of Taipei 101.................................................................................12
Figure 6: structural design of the floor plan..................................................................................13
Figure 7: T plan of the tower.........................................................................................................13
Figure 8: Typical floor plans.........................................................................................................14
Figure 9: Foundation Design of the tower.....................................................................................15
Figure 10: Top down construction approach.................................................................................16
Figure 11: Core of the superstructure............................................................................................17
Figure 12: Column Design.............................................................................................................18
Figure 13: Lateral load bearing design..........................................................................................18
Figure 14: Design to with stand wind forces.................................................................................19
Figure 15: Construction design......................................................................................................20
Figure 16: Damping system design...............................................................................................20
Figure 17: Viscous Dampers used.................................................................................................21
Figure 18: Design of the viscous damping....................................................................................21
Figure 19: Structural Challenges...................................................................................................22

Figure 20: Steel Structures.............................................................................................................23
Figure 21: TMD used in the construction......................................................................................24
Figure 22: Structural components designed..................................................................................25

Introduction
The report will be generated on the basis of the structural analysis of the design requirements for
the construction of the world’s tallest building till 2004, Taipei 101 tower. The report will
highlight the conceptual design process, the structural requirement as well as the needs of the
stakeholders in the project. The report will provide construction requirements insight and system
engineering analysis processes.

Taipei 101 Tower
Figure 1: Taipei 101 Tower
Source: (Agoda, 2018)
Taipei 101 towerwas designated as world’s tallest building from the date of itsconstruction that is
in the year 2004 until the construction of BurjKhalifa is completed which is presently the world’s
tallest building. Formally Taipei 101 is well known as Taipei World Financial Centre. It is
situated at Xinyi District, Taiwan.A new recordwas set by the elevator of the tower that is
capable of carrying passengers at the rate of 60.6 km/h i.e. (37.7 mph) from the fifth floor of the
building till the 89th floor in just 37 seconds. A Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
platinum rating is received for the design of the tower (Kou-Cheng et.al, 2013).

Major characteristics of Taipei 101
Figure 2: Major project characteristics: Taipei 101
Source: (dentons, 2018)
Building Type: Commercial
The style of the architecture: Postmodern
Recorded height of the building
Architectural : 509.2 m
Roof: 449.2 m
Observatory: 449.2 m
Tip:
Top floor: 439.2 m
Construction initiated: 1999
Completion of the construction: 2004
Total cost: 58 billion
Technical Detailing of the tower
Total area of the floor: 412,500 m2
Elevators: Shuttles are double deck containing 2 elevators that are high speed, with a total number of 61

elevators.
Total Floor count: 101, 5 included in the basement (Lin et.al, 2015)
Stakeholder’s Requirements
The construction of the Taipei 101 was a huge project that basically required a lot of resources
and the involvement of a single contractor was not enough for handling of the project. The client,
contractors, subcontractors, government and the suppliers are basically the stakeholders in the
construction project of Taipei 101. The owner of the project required specialist contractors
additionally for the successful completion of the project. For determining the human resources
required for the project the project manger proposed a model that is upon the theory of resource
as well as the fuzzy Delphi method (Scmp et.al, 2018).
Given below are the stakeholder’s register that depicts the stakeholders needs that governed the
successful completion of the huge project of the construction of Taipei 101:
SL.
No.
Stakeholders
Name
Roles Expectations Influence
on the
project
Internal
or
External
Communication
type
1. Taipei
Government
Sponsor Supporting the
permit as well as
the land
H External Per month
meetings
2. Zu, Yuan Li Project chief
Designer
Designing
responsibility
H Internal Close Contract
3. Taipei
Technical
corporation
Chief
technical
Technical support H Internal Close Contract
4. Quality testing
team
Chief
testing
Requirement as
well as
performance
testing of the
project
H Internal Close Contract
5. Iz W an Project
manager
Whole project
responsibility
H Internal Close Contract
(Tuan et.al,

2014)
6. Shin Procuremen
t manager
Procurement
management
responsibility
H Internal Close Contract
7. Da ogenwa Technical &
risk
manager
Management of
technical as well as
risk
H Internal Close Contract
8. Manufacturing
company of
cement
Supplier Construction
cement supply
M External Procurement do
Contract
9. Steel bar Supplier Construction steel
rebar supply
M External Procurement do
Contract
10. Consult
company for
procurement
Supporter Offering advice
regarding the
process of
procurement.
H External Consulting prior
to procurement
11. KPMG Contractor Preparing report of
the professional
audit
M External Closure of
contract at the
completion of
the project
(Scmp, 2018)
12. Taipei
Financed centre
Board Strategy as well as
capitaldevelopment
H Internal Close contract
13. Taipei bank Contractor Capital generation
for project
H external Close contract
14. Wengi song CEO Strategy
development
H Internal Close contract
15. Menglu Chen Financial
manager
Cost as well as
budget
responsibility
H Internal Close contract
16. Hu ngyulai Schedule
Manager
Management of the
project schedule
H Internal Close contract
17. Construction
Company
Sub
contractor
Construction
responsibility
H External Close contract

18. Manufacturing
company of
pipeline
Supplier Constrcutio0n
pipeline supply
M External Procurement do
Contract
19. Ta ipower Supplier Electricity supply M External Procurement do
Contract
20. Insurance
company
Contractor Insurance is
provided
depending upon
the contract request
M External Contract at the
time of
insurance
(Chung, et.al,
2013)
Conceptual Design Process
The conceptual design of the construction of the world’s tallest building Taipei 101 till 2004 was
such that the evolution of the technology in construction industry can be demonstrated with the
fused traditions of Asia. The fease3abuility of the design of the tallest tower is determined in the
conceptual design of the Taipei 101 such thedesign can withstand all the loading including the
self load of the building. The main performance as well as the budget for the construction of the
tower isdynamically visualized buy the project manger that contains the feasible building
dimensions, the concretemixture that can act as the best filler for the materialsto hold the huge
self loading of the building, selection of the foundation and the environmental conditions
governing the construction (Rafiei,et.al, 2016).

Figure 3: Conceptual designing of the structure
Source: (Ihg, 2018)
The challenges facedduringtheconceptualdesigning of the Taipei 101 tower that governed the
choice of foundation as well as the structural design of the building along with the foundation
type are as follows:
Taipei beingcostal region the city holds weak soil conditions that cause the structure risk
to sink
The risk of typhoon wind that causes the structure to topple due to the lateral displace that
is caused.

Figure 4: Taipei during a Typhoon
Source: (ciee, 2019)
Generation of shear forces due to the risk of huge potential earthquakes that intended the
incorporation of earthquake factors while designing the concept of the building.
General description of the conceptual design
Taipei 101 hold profile that is unlike of the othertype of skyscrapers that were constructed before
that can be demonstrated by the base that is created while its construction that is a tapered base
that is topped by flared segment series.