OSI Model and TCP/IP Suite Practical Implementation

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ITC542

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Question 1: -....................................................................................................................................4
Question 2:.......................................................................................................................................5
Question 3: -..................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13

Introduction
This assignment is created to provide the detailed information related to the various
communication intercommunication between devices in a network with the help of TCP/IP. This
assignment focusses on setting up of a network using various devices and methodologies in an
organization. This assignment also covers various hands-on-projects that helped to gain more
understanding over the topic.

Question 1: -
Layers Functionality Description
Application Network Process to
Application
Allows the client
to communicate with the
implementation or system
whenever the client chooses to
print, pass or execute other
system-related operations.
Examples are : Microsoft
Outlook etc.
Presentation Encryption and Data
Representation
Translates or organizes
information depending on the
technicalities accepted by the
protocol for the application
layer. The application layer can
also manage the cryptography
(encryption and
decryption) required by the
level of implementation.
Session Communication among
hosts
Establish, organize and abort
inter-applications discussions.
Its utilities include post-
interruption, authentication, and
reconnection. Session
Layer determines how lengthy
a scheme will take to receive a
response from another
executive application.ZIP,
Apple Talk and X.255 are some
examples of this Layer.
Transport Reliability and end-to-end
communication
This Layer is accountable for
transmitting information across
a channel (network) and offers
processes for error control and
control of information stream.
It determines how much
information to transmit, where
and at what price it is sent. TCP
is the example of this layer
Network IP addressing Moving information into and

through other networks is the
primary feature. This is
accomplished by network layer
protocols by packaging data
with the right information on
the network address for
choosing the suitable network
paths and transmitting the
stored data to the Layer 4.
Data Link Media Access
Control(MAC) and
Logical Link Layer(LLC)
This layer manages data
movement in and out of a
network with the help
of physical connection. DLL
covers issues that are resulting
from mistakes in bit of
transmission. It guarantees that
the information flow rate does
not disrupt the equipment that
are responsible for send and
receive.
Physical Binary Transmission and
signaling
It decides how physical
network links are established
and how parts are displayed in
linear data when transferred
electrically or via radio waves.
Network Layer of OSI model is known as Internet layer of TCP/IP suite because:-
 Network Layer uses router as a networking device which role is to provide
communication across network.
 To access any information from one point to another point the world, router helps to route
information from that location to request location.
 This whole scenario of accessing any information located at any server in the world is
done with the help of router. In short, we can say that it is an Internet. Due to working of
router on the Network Layer, this layer is also known as Internet Layer.

Question 2:
Hands on Project 2-3: -
Steps: -
1. Go to the url www.gestioip.net/cgi-bin/subnet_calculator.cgi.
2. In the IP field enter the IPv4 address 192.168.0.0 and in BM field select 24.

Hands on Project 2-5: -
Steps 1: - In URL open www.subnet-calculator.com.
Step 2: - Now Change the default value of Maximum Subnet to 4.
Now the changes are: -
Subnet Mask of network: -255.255.255.192
Subnet bits of network =2
Mask Bits of network: -26
Host per subnet of network: -62
Host address range of network: -192.168.0.1-192.168.0.62
Broadcast Range of network: -192.168.0.63

Step 3: - Change class bit to A.
Step 4: - Change the mask to 255.255.0.0.

Now the changes are: -
Maximum subnet of network: -256
Subnet bits of network =8
Mask Bits of network: -16
Host per subnet of network: -65534
Host address range of network: -10.0.0.1-10.0.255.254
Broadcast Range of network: -10.0.255.255

Question 3: -
Network (460) Yellow Network (250) Cyan
Net Address of
network
192.168.128.0/23 Net Address of
network
192.168.132.0/24
Network Subnet
mask
255.255.254.0 Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.0
broadcast IP for
network
192.168.129.255 broadcast IP for
network
192.168.132.255
gateway IP for
network
192.168.129.254 gateway IP for
network
192.168.132.254
printer IP for
network
192.168.128.5 printer IP for
network
192.168.132.5
Network (300) grey Network (150) purple
Net Address of
network
192.168.130.0/23 Net Address of
network
192.168.133.0/24
Network Subnet
mask
255.255.254.0 Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.0
broadcast IP for
network
192.168.131.255 broadcast IP for
network
192.168.133.255
gateway IP for
network
192.168.131.254 gateway IP for
network
192.168.133.254
printer IP for
network
192.168.130.5 printer IP for
network
192.168.133.5
Network (10) Gold Network (80) Orange
Net Address of
network
192.168.134.224 Net Address of
network
192.168.134.0/25
Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.240 Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.128

broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.239 broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.127
gateway IP for
network
192.168.134.238 gateway IP for
network
192.168.134.126
printer IP for
network
192.168.134.229 printer IP for
network
192.168.134.5
Network (30) Silver Network (60) Blue
Net Address of
network
192.168.134.192/27 Net Address of
network
192.168.134.128/26
Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.224 Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.192
broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.223 broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.191
gateway IP for
network
192.168.134.222 gateway IP for
network
192.168.134.190
printer IP for
network
192.168.134.197 printer IP for
network
192.138.134.133
NETWORK(WAN) Red NETWORK(WAN) Green
Net Address of
network
192.168.134.240/30 Net Address of
network
192.168.134.244/30
Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.252 Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.252
broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.243 broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.247
R1S1 to R2S1 192.168.134.241-
192.168.134.242
R2S2 to R3S1 192.168.134.245-
192.168.134.246
NETWORK(WAN) Aqua
Net Address of
network
192.168.134.248

Network Subnet
mask
255.255.255.252
broadcast IP for
network
192.168.134.251
R2S3 to R4S1 192.168.134.249-
192.168.134.250