TCP/IP Networking: OSI Model Comparison, Projects & Case Study Task

This report provides a comprehensive overview of TCP/IP networking, starting with a comparison between the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP networking model. It includes completed hands-on projects involving IP addressing and subnetting using online calculators. The report also discusses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and presents a case study task focused on designing a simple addressing solution for Forshore IT Company's expanding network across six different sites, utilizing the 10.0.0.0 private IP address range. The proposed solution includes a network diagram, subnet allocation table, and recommendations for securing the network using DHCP. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of proper network configuration and the need for reconfiguration in case of increased host requirements.

Running head: TCP/IP NETWORKING
TCP/IP Networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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TCP/IP NETWORKING
Table of Contents
1. Comparison between OSI reference Model with TCP/IP Networking Model............................2
2. Completed Hands - On Project....................................................................................................3
2. 1 Hands – on Project 2 - 3.................................................................................................3
2. 2 Hands on Project 2 – 5...................................................................................................3
3. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)............................................................................................6
4. Case Study Task..........................................................................................................................6
4. 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................6
4. 2 Detailed Simple Addressing Solution Design................................................................7
4. 3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................9
5. Bibliography..............................................................................................................................11

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TCP/IP NETWORKING
1. Comparison between OSI reference Model with TCP/IP Networking Model
OSI Reference Model TCP/IP Networking Model
Transport layer guarantees delivery of packets TCP/IP does not
It is protocol independent It is based on standard protocol
It does have presentation and session layer
separately
It does not have presentation layer and session
layer separately
Vertical approach Horizontal approach
Connection oriented transport layer Connectionless and connected oriented
transport layer
Seven layers Four layers
The presentation and session layers of the OSI model are almost empty, however data
link layer is overfull that makes it a less reliable and of poor quality. However, TCP/IP is more
reliable than OSI model and of high quality. TCP/IP has been associated with the UNIX and OSI
does not have any association that makes it politically better and much reliable.
2. Completed Hands - On Project
2. 1 Hands – on Project 2 – 3
1. Gesti6IPSubnet-Calculator

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2 and 3. IPv4 selected and IP address 192.168.0.0 filled
4. Default IP address

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Online subnet calculator was selected on the website “gestioip.net.” IPV4 IP address was
feed into the selection and the above result was out through keeping the BM at 24
(255.255.255.0 – 254 hosts. This could be helpful in mapping the IPv4 along with the IPv6
address in manner to configure a dual stack network that can enable the communication with the
network that has been configured with IPv6.
5. Web browser closed
2. 2 Hands on Project 2 – 5
1. Opening www.subnet-calculator.com in web browser

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2. Maximum subnets drop-down (1 to 4)
3. IP Address 192.168.0.1: Calculation
Subnet mask Subnet bits Mask Bits Hosts per Host Broadcast

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subnet Address
range
Address
255.255.255.192 2 26 62 192.168.0.1
-
192.168.0.6
2
192.168.0.63
4. IP changed to 10.0.0.1
5. Subnet Mask Changed to 255.255.0.0

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New Values:
Maximum
subnets
Mask Bits Subnet bits Hosts per
subnet
Host
Address
range
Broadcast
Address
256 16 8 65534 10.0.0.1 -
10.0.255.254
10.0.255.255
Following results were drawn through feeding network class B of IP address of
172.16.0.1:
Maximum
subnets
Mask Bits Subnet bits Hosts per
subnet
Host
Address
range
Broadcast
Address
128 23 7 510 172.16.0.1 - 172.16.1.255

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172.16.1.254
3. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
It is a communication protocol basically used for discovering the link addresses for
example MAC address and typically most applicable in the IPV4 address. It has been used for
the purpose of the mediation between the IP protocols, or network layer, and the Ethernet. In
other words, the major purpose is to convert the IP address towards Ethernet addresses.
4. Case Study Task
4. 1 Introduction
The report has been present through then consideration of the aspects related to the
network configuration for the different sites of the Forshore Company as an architect. The aim of
this report is to present the aspects related to the establishment of the IT infrastructure and
present an effective and efficient IT solutions within this medium sized organization. The
proposed solution wil be supporting the expansion led by the Forshore IT Company through
utilizing the 10.0.0.0 private IP address. The expansion of the six different sites has been
explained in this report through depicting the network diagram that will be helpful in establishing
the overall establishments.

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4. 2 Detailed Simple Addressing Solution Design
Figure 1: Network Diagram
(Source: created by author)
According to the case study, Forshore IT Company is expanding the business through
establishing the six different six different sites and every site will be needing network
configuration for the establishment of the effective network. This network will allow them to
communicate internally and accomplish the operational activities in an efficient manner through
smooth communication. A central router needs to be established as per the diagram for the
distribution of the network connecting to the cloud. This router will be connected to the different

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six routers, established at six different sites in manner to enable the network for the
communication. A firewall needs to be established between the cloud and the central router in
manner to protect it from the vulnerabilities that might affect the communication between the
different sites. The presented network establishment is helpful in allowing the company to
establish the secure and effective communication between the sites. The central router
configuration will be controlling the traffic through configuring the first IP and rest of the
reserved IP will be boosting the further expansion of any established by the Forshore IT
company.
IP addresses: 2046
Major Network: 10.0.0.0/21
Available IP addresses 2036
Needed count of the IP addresses: 1130
Subnet
Name
Needed
Size
Allocated
Size
Address Broadcast Dec Mask Assignable
Range
Mask
Finance
office
260 510 10.0.4.0 10.0.5.255 255.255.254.0 10.0.4.1 -
10.0.5.254
/23
IT Call
Centre
520 1022 10.0.0.0 10.0.3.255 255.255.252.0 10.0.0.1 -
10.0.3.254
/22
Research
and
Development
120 126 10.0.7.0 10.0.7.127 255.255.255.12
8
10.0.7.1 -
10.0.7.126
/25

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Office
Marketing
Department
40 62 10.0.7.19
2
10.0.7.255 255.255.255.19
2
10.0.7.193
-
10.0.7.254
/26
Information
Technology
130 254 10.0.6.0 10.0.6.255 255.255.255.0 10.0.6.1 -
10.0.6.254
/24
Head
Office
60 62 10.0.7.12
8
10.0.7.191 255.255.255.19
2
10.0.7.129
-
10.0.7.190
/26
The above presented table describes the configurations and solutions for the problems
those might be raised in this establishment by the Forshore IT Company. The specifications
those need to be implemented within the presented establishment in the case study have been
presented in the above table considering the 1200 workstations at the six physical location of the
new centers. The presented subnets have been presented considering the minimum wastage of
the IP address and it has been capable of handling the operational activities within the
established infrastructures. Every office and different center will be controlled through the
central router as depicted in the figure. For the situations, needing enhancement in the number of
the hosts, reconfiguration will be needed for the deployment of the configuration. Proper and
effective calculations need to be done for the efficient configuration of the network set-up for
this condition. There is the need of the configuration again due to the situation of the