Teaching of Writing in ESL: Process Approach & Writer Characteristics

This report explores the teaching of writing in English as a Second Language (ESL), focusing on the distinctions between competent and incompetent writers and the process approach to writing instruction. It identifies key differences in vocabulary use, confidence in expressing thoughts, writing style, approach to drafts, and sentence construction between proficient and less proficient writers. The report also details the process approach, a traditional method for enhancing writing skills through authentic topics, evaluation, and feedback. It outlines the stages of the process approach, including stage set induction, explanation, practice, and metacognition, highlighting the activities of both teachers and students. The goal is to provide a systematic method for improving the finished product of the learner's writing.

TEACHING OF WRITTING
IN ESL

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
(a) Differences between competent and incompetent writers......................................................3
(b) Process Approach...................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
There are different ways through which there can be better learning which can be done.
There are a lot of ways through which one can learn but there have to be right measures and
techniques which must be used so that there is going to be higher learning which is going to be
present. There are a lot of skills which differ between a good writer and a poor writer which
needs to be understood only then there are measures and steps which can be taken to be able to
improve that factor. The report consists of process approach which can be the best way of
teaching writing and the difference between competent and incompetent writers which are
present. There are a lot of steps as well which a learner can take to be able to develop this
learning this skill so that there is going to be higher growth.
MAIN BODY
(a) Differences between competent and incompetent writers
Competent writers are the ones who have higher level of journalism in them so that they
can write about topics in detail. Competent writers make a place for themselves in the market by
providing the right content and their first draft is never going to be prefect because a writer likes
to improve with the story or knowledge they would like to convey to their audience
(Namasivayam and et.al., 2017).
Incompetent writers are not going to have depth in their writing and they are not even
going to have a stable and loyal reads as well. The work of these writers is not going to be up to
the mark which is expected out of them which would make the working and confidence level of
them get affected.
Skills in a competent writer which are missing in incompetent writers
 Use of vocabulary
There is a large vocabulary which is present and using the right word at the right time is a
skill which a competent writer must have in them so that they will be able to put forward their
idea effectively. The writers must know their audience well so that the words they are using are

good enough for the readers to be able to understand them (Iskandar, 2020). Most of the
competent writers do not use difficult vocabulary in the beginning which is going to make the
readers reach out for a dictionary because that would lose interest of the readers. Incompetent
writers will not be able to understand this factor and make use of good vocabulary right in the
beginning which is going to make the readers want to read further. Knowing the readers is very
important for the readers so that they will be able to make the most from that factor.
 Confidence in expressing thoughts
There is no taste in the writers when they are putting out information to the readers and
which is not there in a competent writer because they want to improve all the time. There is a
sense of confidence in the readers when they are putting out any information because there is
going to be a lot of research which is going to be put in the information they are putting out.
There is creativity and a positive tone which the competent writers would use even if the news is
not going to be effective for the readers so that the readers would want to read more (Vijay,
2018). The ideas have to be unique but a sense of confidence is also important in the unique
factor so that the readers are going to get attracted to this factor easily and that is good for a long
run. There is a manner which writers must know to be able to present their work to the readers so
that they can get the expected reaction which is expected out of them.
 Unique writing style
A competent writer will have a unique identity for their writing which is going to make them
stand beyond the other writers so that there are going to be better readers. There is a selected
reader which the writers target for themselves according to their style so that they can have a
stable income from this factor. There is a lot of experience and understanding which the writer
must have for them so that they can convey their message in a better interesting and right tone to
the audience. In an incompetent writer this skill is going to be missing which is going to make
the work of their not be in the competition with the other writers (Kwon, Partridge and Staples,
2018). There is going to be a lack of experience which is going to be present and that is not good
for the writers. It is important to know when to use which tone or skill would make the writing
more appropriate for the readers so that the reaction is going to be as expected.
 Imperfect first draft

Competent writers never focus on the first draft which they are sending out to the publishers
because that would be giving the just of the further ideas. Writers want to give their best but not
everything they are going to be putting in their writing in the further report as well. Incompetent
writers will want to give in their best because they would want to make sure that they are going
to convince the publishers and readers to publish their work which is not a good idea. Competent
writer improves the writing with time and gets in a lot of change in the first draft as well because
there are going to be a lot of new ideas and creativity which can rise in them when they are
writing in the further report which can add more value. First drat is always a first attempt on a
topic which needs to be improved later and that is very important for the writers to understand
because the draft is only to understand the readers reaction and if the idea is going to be a
success in the market or not (Wei, 2017). There are going to be a lot of improvement which the
writers will have to make and in an incompetent writer there are not going to be a lot of changes
in the first draft if the readers are satisfied with it. Incompetent writer will never want to risk
their draft again in the market which is not good because the readers always want something new
and till the writer is not going to take risks then they will not be able to satisfy the needs of the
readers as well.
 Sentences construction
Competent writers will know how to mould their sentences in any kind so that they will be
able to connect with the audience. Each sentence which is being used has to have a meaning
behind it otherwise the audience can feel lost which is not good for a competent writer and in an
incompetent writer there is no focus at all in any kind. There are a lot of ideas and creativity
which a writer wants to put out but without any meaning to the sentence the writers will not be
able to convey what they want to and that is not going to get in a lot of audience as well.
(b) Process Approach
Process approach is a traditional method which is being used to be able to have high
performance in writing which can be used. There is going to be writing by the learner on
authentic topics so that they can be checked and improved upon by giving back right evaluation
and honesty so that the writer will be able to accept and improve accordingly. This is the

measure which the teachers take to make sure that the learners in the class are being able to
follow them and improve in a positive manner. There has to be a systematic manner which in
being used so that there is going to be effective finished product which is going to be present
which is going to be present in process approach (What is a process approach, 2020).
Stage Teacher’s activities Students Activities
Set induction:
Rationale (according
to the interest of the
students)
It is important to know what the learner
is already aware of about the topic so
that there is going to be more
knowledge which can be given out and
if the knowledge which is existing is
correct or not is also going to be
present. There is going to be a quick
MCQ’s, quizzes and mini whiteboards,
which are going to be used so that there
is going to be a better understanding of
the learner which would be present.
There are a lot of doubts as well which
can be present in the learner as well
which have to be solved so that they
will be able to express themselves when
they write about the topic (Bitchener,
Storch and Wette, 2017). There is going
to be better clarity which gives the
writing a sense of confidence which is
going to be good for them and they are
going to feel like they know the topic
when they write which can be improved
later on as well.
The students have to pay
attention to what the
teachers is providing
information so that there is
going to be better
interaction which is going to
be present. Teacher is going
to ask questions in the end
which the students should
be able to answer which is
important.
Explanation In this stage the concepts of the learners
is going to be present and the clarity is
going to be higher which is good
There has to be good
understanding of the topic
in the mind of the students

because the results are going to be
better as well if their basics are going to
be higher. They can check their
knowledge and ideas for themselves and
explore them so that they will be able to
have higher comparing power. They
need to predict their work in the future
as well and this is a skill which they
must have so that there is going to be
higher development which they can
have for themselves (Ahmed and
Abouabdelkader, 2016). The students
can explain or else even ask the teachers
their doubts if all the process as lead to
this factor and the teacher is going to
help the writers be able to have a clearer
ideas and knowledge of the topic which
is being discussed.
which is that they must be
able to coordinate and there
has to be mutual
understanding of the teacher
and the students on that
topic.
Practice In this stage the learners have to be
understood which is why asking them
big questions so that their interests can
be present. Though they can have a lot
of interest in a particular topic and in
some topic they might not be but they
have to be encouraged so that they will
write about what they like the most so
that there is going to be higher
performance. The learners do not have
to be confused about the information
they already have and they can know
anything they wish to so that there is
The students have to be
given time to practice so
that they will be able to
improve according to the
expectations of the teacher
which is going to be
present.

going to be higher performance but they
need to be guided so that they can make
their writer better. They have to explore
new ideas and creativity is going to
come out of them if new ideas are going
to be discussed which is related to their
interest.
Metacognition There have to be grouping of the
learners so that they can work together
and will be able to give in their inputs
on what they learned so that there are
going to be new ideas which can
generate (Khalil, 2020). Everyone does
not have the same way of learning and
they have to be explored as well. There
would be a lot of problems and issues
which are going to rise but there must
be effective working as well which is
going to make the group have more
ideas and increase in knowledge as
well. The observation skills also
improve in the writer which is going to
make the practical working of the writer
improve overall which is good for a
long run.
Avoiding the words which
is negative in class in very
important by the teacher so
that there is going to be
better understanding and the
children will be able to have
good understanding in the
class.
Application The learners then will be asked to
express what they understood and took
what learning from the class so that
everyone can have better understanding.
The learning levels of all individuals are
The learning has to be
applied to a present
situation so that the students
will be able to understand
better. Examples are always

different and also unique in its own way
because some learners do not want to
have creativity in learning. Whereas the
others want to learn them with their
own ideas and some can be against the
topic all together because they belief
and values are going to be different
therefore expressing themselves is
going to be beneficial for everyone
(binti Daud, Din and AlSaqqaf, 2018).
There are principles of everyone and if
the concept is not discussed then new
ideas are also not going to generate as
well which is not good for reflection
which is going to be present in the
students or learners.
important for the students
since they will be able to
understand them and make
improvement accordingly in
their learning as well.
Evaluation There is going to be a lot of ideas which
can generate in the learners and they
can have a better reading ideas and
creativity for the readers in the future as
well (Moses and Mohamad, 2019). It is
important that the new learning is going
to match with the others because if the
idea is not going to match then it is
going to be of no use writing about it
since no one will be reading about it
and the writer is not going to find it
motivating to be able to write more in
the future. Therefore it is important to
have good discussion on the topics
before the learner assumes anything for
Students have to be given
assignment of writing short
paragraphs so that they will
be able to show what they
understood of the class and
there are going to be
improvement which the
teacher can also make
accordingly.

the future.
Closure The principles of some people can
change as well when there is a good
discussion on the topic which is going
to make the working more effective
which is a great factor for the
individuals to have. There are a lot of
unique identity which the individuals
are going to have so that there is going
to be good understanding of the factors
which are present in the market (Rosa
and Vital, 2017). There are similar ideas
as well which can generate but there are
a lot of improvements which the
individual can find in themselves if
there is going to be a planned
improvement which can be made.
In the end the teachers give
their inputs and explain the
students properly about the
topic so that there is going
to be effective learning
which is going to be present
in the students which is a
very important factor for
them to have.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that there has to be effective working and
skills which needs to be improved in order to become a competent writer. The learner will have
to understand the skills that the lack and what are the right skills which are required in a writer as
well so that there is going to be higher performance which is going to be present. With the help
of process approach the learner will be able to have a better understanding and functioning which
would be present in them so that there is going to be higher performance which is going to be
present. There are teaching lessons to be able to improve the writing skills so that the most can
be made from it which is going to make the learner have higher expectations and the results are
going to be as expected as well.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmed, A. and Abouabdelkader, H. eds., 2016. Teaching EFL writing in the 21st century Arab
world: Realities and challenges. Springer.
binti Daud, D.N., Din, W.A. and AlSaqqaf, A., 2018. Exploring The Vaw Method Of Writing
Among Esl Primary Pupils: Conceptual Paper. International Journal of Applied
Linguistics and English Literature. 7(4). pp.248-252.
Bitchener, J., Storch, N. and Wette, R. eds., 2017. Teaching writing for academic purposes to
multilingual students: Instructional approaches (Vol. 65). Taylor & Francis.
Iskandar, I., 2020. Pedagogical approaches to the teaching of ESL/EFL writing: a literature
review. International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI). 3(1). pp.44-49.
Khalil, L., 2020. Scaffolding EFL/ESL Writing Skills through Feedback. Advancing English
Language Education. p.155.
Kwon, M.H., Partridge, R.S. and Staples, S., 2018. Building a local learner corpus: Construction
of a first-year ESL writing corpus for research, teaching, mentoring, and
collaboration. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research. 4(1). pp.112-127.
Moses, R.N. and Mohamad, M., 2019. Challenges Faced by Students and Teachers on Writing
Skills in ESL Contexts: A Literature Review. Creative Education. 10(13). pp.3385-
3391.
Namasivayam, P and et.al., 2017. Improving ESL students’ descriptive writing through wh-
question technique. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social
Sciences. 7(7). pp.219-231.
Rosa, J.P.O.D. and Vital, R.A.D., 2017. The use of Facebook in argumentative writing: towards
an instructional design model. AsTEN Journal of Teacher Education. 1(2).
Wei, M., 2017. Strategies for first-year university ESL students to improve essay writing skills.
Online
Vijay, D., 2018. Top 5 writing skills every professional writer should have. [Online]. Available
through : < https://writingcooperative.com/top-5-writing-skills-every-professional-
writer-should-have-47725feed814>.
What is a process approach, 2020. [Online]. Available through: < https://the9000store.com/iso-
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approach/>.