Teaching & Learning: Effective Methods and Lesson Design Strategies

This report delves into the core aspects of teaching and learning, encompassing various methodologies and strategies. It begins by outlining three common teaching methods: lecturing, demonstrating, and collaboration, explaining their applications and benefits. The report then shifts its focus to lesson design, particularly for mixed-ability classrooms, emphasizing the importance of supportive learning environments, effective classroom management, and personalization. It provides a lesson plan example for different ability students in the same class. Furthermore, the report discusses differentiated instruction strategies, highlighting diagnostic assessments, curriculum content, instructional practices, and student products. The report also touches on three models of teaching: cultural, language, and personal growth, emphasizing the learner-centered approach. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and their implications for effective teaching practices.

Running head: TEACHING &LEARNING
Teaching & Learning
Student Name:
Course work:
University:

TEACHING & LEARNING 2
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Three methods of Teaching.............................................................................................................3
Lesson designing strategy for Different ability students.................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
Reference.........................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
In this present paper, we will discuss the three common methods of teaching and the methods to
teach different ability in the same classroom and on the basis of its conclusion has been
made.The teaching method involves the methods and principles which are used to teach the
students by implementing these methods to achieve the desired learning outcomes. The strategies
of teaching mainly depend on the subject and nature of learner. The method used for teaching
must be according to the characteristic and efficiency of a learner. The approaches of teaching
are mainly divided into two categories, namely, teacher-centered approach and student-centered
approach.
Three methods of Teaching
The students act as an empty vessels and teachers play an important role in deciding the
methodology used to teach the learner. The primary role of students is to receive the information
which is delivered by the teachers through different methods of teaching and learning. In
teacher-centered approach, both the teacher and students are treated as different entities. In
student-centered approach both the teacher and learner plays an equal role in the learning
process. Following are the three common methods of teaching:
1. Lecturing
The lecture teaching method is the primary method to teach the students in the schools and
colleges. It is the most convenient method to teach a large number of students at the same
time (Richards et al., 2014). The lecturing method is considered as the standard method to
teach the college courses because it delivers the information to a large number of students

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by the professors in the classrooms. The information decides by the teacher according to the
lesson plan. The students act a passive role by receiving the information given by the
teachers.
2. Demonstrating
It is also the common method to teach the students through examples and experiments
which help to remember by the students easily. It is the combination of visual evidence and
reasoning associated with it. The demonstration methods are similar to the written
storytelling in which the student can easily memorize by personally relate with an example.
It helps to increase the interest of the student in learning by providing the relation between
the facts and the real world (Reece et al., 2016).
3. Collaboration and discussion
It is defined as the method of teaching with the active participation of the students in the
learning process. In this method both the teacher and learner listen to each other and
understand the point of view of each other. The collaboration creates a personal connection
between the learner and teacher (Forray et al., 2016). The collaboration includes different
types of forms such as class discussion, fishbowl discussion and other. After the discussions,
the feedback is given by the teachers.
Lesson designing strategy for Different ability students
There are different types of learners in the class who are having different capabilities, the degree
of learning, strength, and weaknesses which need to be understood by the teacher to complete the
goal of learning the process. These types of classes are known as mixed ability classes. The
mixed ability factors which influence the characteristics of the learners include style of learning,

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cultural background, mother tongue, the age of maturity and others. The challenges faced by the
teachers include individual awareness, discipline, interest, effective learning for all, participation
in the class, and others. Following are the strategies to design special lesson to teach different
ability students:
1. Supportive learning environment:
The supportive learning environment is very necessary to create an effective learning
process which helps to develop the confidence among the learners and helps to perform the
best according to the individual capabilities (Cohen et al., 2014).
2. Classroom management:
The classroom management plays an important role in achieving the aim of learning the
process. It includes the organization of classroom to increase the potential of learners, praise
and encourage students, develop a positive attitude of the learners, managing of learning
activities with providing good instructions, and others (Moore et al., 2014).
3. Personalization:
It includes the activities which allow the students to learn in a most effective way through
personal connect with the learner. It helps to increase the level of confidence by motivating
the learner and generate the interest by connecting the learning activities with the learner's
area of interest.
Following is a lesson plan for different ability students in the same class:
Content Area:
English/Language
Arts
Fine Art Area:
Visual Art
Lesson Title: Reading
Grade Level: 1-5 Duration: 45 Teacher: Susan

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Minutes
Standard and Alignment
Content Area Standards:
Reading/ Comprehension of literature
text/ literary Non-fiction: The lesson
should be understand by the student, use
inferences and make conclusion about the
structural patterns and features of literary
friction and respond by giving evidence from
the text to support understanding.
B TLW:
Fine Arts Standards:
Visual Art: Select and evaluate the range of
subject matter, ideas and symbols.
Visual Art: Explain how an artist’s use the
principles and elements in an artwork to
support the purpose of a lesson.
Big idea: Use media to explain the
viewpoint of others.
Essential Questions: What do you
understand by something means?
21st Century skills: Information literacy,
Media literacy,
Creativity,
Collaboration
Key Vocabulary: Verb, tone,
branding, marketing,
infer and convince
Vertical Alignment Before lesson
Use of context clues
and understanding of
elements of art
During Lesson:
Use of evidence to
support an inference
about piece of art
After Lesson:
Use of advance
knowledge to create
a work of art which
requires inference
form the audience
Material list: Elements of art, Use of internet, projector or screen, use of marker
and paper, use of advertising examples
Report to teach different ability students in same class
The differentiated instruction strategy is used to different ability student in the same class which
helps to encourage the teacher to adopt how they teach, what they teach and how to interact with
the students and others. The differentiation instruction strategy helps in teaching the students by
providing the guidelines for diagnostic assessment, circular content, instruction practices and
student products. The diagnostic assessment describe the criteria to assess the range of
knowledge, skills, learning needs and interest of student in the class. It also helps to disclose the

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special need required by the student. The circular content describes the scope of content which is
appropriate for all the students in the same class. The instruction practices must be prepared in
such a manner which can be understood by the students. The student products must demonstrate
the mastery to every student.
Three Models of teaching
Following are the three methods of teaching and learning:
1. Cultural Model
It is defined as the model in which important information and ideas are transferred in a
target language and student encounter various expressions and words. In this model the
student learns different ideology and culture. The model emphasize on the knowledge
about the text rather than focusing on individual text.
2. Language Model
In this model the language development is emphasized by favoring the teaching of
literature in which vocabulary and structures have been teach for the development of
language. However the model is criticized because it works as a mechanistic process
which does not motivate the students. According to learning model the activities are
learner centered and they emphasize on the way of using the language because linguistic
form deliver the message beyond the literal interpretations.
3. Personal growth Model
According to this model the personal development is engaged with the reading of
literature texts but the liking towards literature does not confined only to the classrooms.
It is more students centered. The aim of the model is to motivate the student for reading

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by choosing the theme which is related to the personal development. It encourages the
students to read and analyze the reading importance for the personal development.
Conclusion
The teaching methods include the principles and methods which help to teach the learner in the
most efficient and effective way by fulfilling the aim of learning the process. The teaching
method is broadly divided into two approaches, namely, teacher-centered approach and student-
centered approach. The three common methods of learning include learning, demonstrating and
collaboration. The lecture method is the most common method used for teaching the large
number of students and it is the standard method of teaching college courses. The demonstrating
methods include the teaching through examples and experiments which help to increase the level
of interest and create more understanding of concepts. The collaboration method of teaching
includes class discussions and fishbowl discussion in which both the learner and teacher interact
and discuss the individual point of view. The feedback and lesson are given by the teacher at the
end of the process. The mixed ability classes include the students with different learning
capabilities, strength, and weakness. The factors which influence the characteristics of learners
include cultural background, mother tongue, the age of maturity and others. The strategies to
design the special lesson to teach different ability students in the same class include supportive
learning environment, classroom management, and personalization which help to achieve the
aim of learning the process by teaching the different ability people in the same class.

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Reference
Cohen, E. G., & Lotan, R. A. (2014). Designing Groupwork: Strategies for the Heterogeneous
Classroom Third Edition. Teachers College Press.
Forray, J. M., Leigh, J. S., & Goodnight, J. E. (2016). Teaching methods and the Kolb learning
cycle. Educating for Responsible Management: Putting Theory into Practice, 325.
Moore, K. D. (2014). Effective instructional strategies: From theory to practice. Sage
Publications.
Reece, I., & Walker, S. (2016). Teaching, training and learning: A practical guide. Business
Education Publishers Ltd.
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching.
Cambridge university press.