Technological Innovations in Business and Technology: A Report

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INNOVATIONS IN
BUSINESS &
TECHNOLOGY

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Innovation concept and theories in business...................................................................................4
Web based technologies and user experience design principles to create usable systems..............8
Identification and evaluation for the impact of a future disruptive innovation affecting the
selected organization.....................................................................................................................15
Innovation strategy for a new technology-based product or service venture................................16
Consequences of technological innovation and the impacts on society, environment, and political
agendas..........................................................................................................................................17
Recommendations aimed at advising senior stakeholders.............................................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................20

Introduction
Technology innovation refers to the new and latest approaches and ideas developed for the
growth and enhancement of an organization as well as business to gain maximum profit with
minimum risks. It has an advantage over various old ordinary methods and techniques used by
different organizations and business needs to implement new methods and innovations to provide
better facilities as well as services to the users using Williams Ltd as a case study where new
web application has been designed for the online business and sales of services and products
related with clothes and accessories.
The main aim of this report is to develop a better understanding about technological innovation,
their role and impacts in business as well as an organization towards their growth and
development to achieve goals and strategies defined by the organization.

Innovation concept and theories in business.
Innovation: It refers to the process of generation and development of new ideas, techniques as
well as the methodology for the improvement as well as the growth of an organization or the
business in terms of rating, revenue, and productivity. Different organizations and businesses use
various methods of innovation in order to develop themselves and increase the value as well as
revenue generation for the organization with enhanced efficiency, working facilities, and
productivity.
In order to develop better knowledge and understanding of an individual for the innovation and
their impact on businesses, multiple concepts and theories have been developed by the
professionals to minimize the complexity with understanding and implementation of innovative
ideas within the business or the organization. Depending upon the way of thinking,
implementation of an innovative idea, methods of innovation, it can be categorized in multiple
types (Myllylä, 2018). Some of the common types of innovation has been shown below:
 Business Innovation
 Technology Innovation
 Marketing Innovation

Figure 1: Types of innovations
(Source: Myllylä, 2018)
All these innovation types have been further sub-categorized in various type depending upon the
types of methods and techniques used, different ideas and concepts used and others. Some of the
most common types of business innovation has been given below:
 Disruptive innovation: It refers to the development of new value for the market or the
business.
 Sustaining innovation: It refers to the development of existing value for the market or
the business.
 Incremental innovation: It refers to the development of innovating ideas and
approaches to enhancing the existing values of the market and business in a slow &
steady manner to stand in the competitive market.
 Radical innovation: It refers to the development and creation of a new method by
removing old and existing methods and approaches used by the business or the
organization.

 Architectural innovation: It refers to the redesigning and reconstruction of existing
infrastructure as well as technologies used by the business or the organization.
All these innovations play a significant role in the development and growth of an organization to
achieve success in their business and also helps to withstand in the competitive market for a long
time. It provides new areas and opportunities for the growth and enhances revenue generation by
the organization using a new method of innovation in various departments, services and goods
provided by the organization.
Figure 2: Innovation cycle
(Source: Idea To Value, 2017)
Some of the main advantages of innovation concepts and theories used in business has been
given below:
 Development of better services
 Enhancement of ineffective productivity
 Reduction of risks and challenges related to business
 Enhancement inefficiency of work and employee
 Saving of user efforts, money and time
 Minimization of environmental impacts
 Proper management of supply chain, services, and productivity
 Improvement in customer satisfaction (Vector, 2015).
The complete innovation process has been divided into small phases in order to understand
different facts and terms related to innovation in a better way. These phases consist of generation
of an idea, screening of generated idea, experiments done on the basis of a generated idea,

evaluation of results of an experiment with the current competitive market and final
implementation of the generated idea in the business (Neese, 2018). A flow diagram of different
phases involved in the innovation of concept or theories related to business has been shown
below:
Figure 3: Different phases of innovation
(Source: Neese, 2018)

Web based technologies and user experience design principles to create usable
systems.
Web-based technologies: It consists of different technologies used for the development and
designing of web applications using CSS, Java, HTML, and others. It provides all the details and
information related to the methods and techniques used for the designing of websites and web
applications for businesses as well as organizations. Different tools and applications have been
developed for the designing of the web application. It enhanced the functionality as well as
features of any web application (Mowforth, 2018). Some of the most common web-based
technologies have been explained below:
 HTML: It is a type of markup programing language which is used to design any website
which can be accessed by the browser over the internet.
 Internet browser: It is a type of application which acts as interpreters in between web
and the device used by the user. It helps to accept the request provided by the user and
then display the results of the user after processing their request. For example, Google,
Firefox, etc.
 Programming or machine languages: It consists of different languages used by
developers and professionals to create an application and the process through which all
the developed tools will communicate with other devices and applications. For example,
Javascript, PHP, Python, etc.
 Database: It refers to the storage or collection all the important files, information and
data related with the organization as well as business using different programing
language as well as application to design the best database for the web applications. For
example, MySQL, Redis, Oracle, etc.
 Frameworks: It is defined as the process used for simplification of different programing
language implementation and helps to provide an easy approach for the development of
web applications. For example, Ionic, Node.js, etc.
 CSS: It is another web-based technology in which developer and designers get additional
features such as the selection of color, animation, and fonts for their web application in
order to provide better functionality and attractive look to the web application.

 API: It is also known as application programming interface which provides sharing
facility for the developers to interchange different functions of web application without
using code used for the designing of those functions (Flynn, 2015).
All these web-based technologies play a significant role in the development of user interface and
web application which must be easy to use, to access, to understand and to control by users
across the world.
The user-centered approach by Jesse James Garrett: Jesse James Garrett proposed an approach
for the designing of user interface with better functionality, features, and others. It helps in
designing of complete web application on the basis of functions and requirements which user
needed such as surfing any website, downloading any file, uploading any file and various other
activities. It provides interactive functionality for web-based applications. The major five
elements of user-centered approach for UI has been given below:
 Strategy
 Scope
 Structure
 Skelton
 Surface
All these elements have been explained below in detail for a better understanding of their role
and impact in the development and designing of UI.
Strategy: It refers to the main cause or aim of the development of designing of web application
and their impact of others. It also explains all the details of requirements and needs which will be
fulfilled by the design.
Structure: It refers to the process and method used by the application for the interaction
between the application and the user. The interaction of designed UI must be interactive in order
to get a good response for the designed UI by the users.
Surface: It refers to the complete designing and modeling of the web application along with all
the functions provided by other elements used during designing. It also includes the appearance
of the web application forth user which must be attractive for the user.

Scope: It refers to the development of functions and information or content which will be used
on the web application to be used by users and these functions must be designed on the basis of
features required by the user.
Skelton: It refers to the development of outline of the complete web application such as the way
in which it will be presented, information which will be displayed and others. It is also known as
the visual structure of the designed web application (ELGABRY, 2016).
Figure 4: Elements of UI
(Source: ELGABRY, 2016)
All these elements used for the designing of the web application has been bounded by a set of
rules in order to design best user interface to be used by organization or business for their
services and products and provide better access, information, facilities, and satisfaction to the
users and customers using those web applications. The main design principles for the UI can be
explained as follow:

 Structure: The web application must be designed with consistent design and clear
content on the complete structure of the designed web application.
 Simplicity: It refers to the simple design used for the creation and development of web
application which must be easy to understand by the users.
 Visibility: It refers to the attractive visibility of the designed web application with clear
and attractive visual contents related to the functions and information provided by the
web application.
 Feedback: It refers to the feedback and error management facility included with the web
application to help users when they have an error and provide better options to solve
those errors.
 Tolerance: It refers to the flexible designing of the web application to minimize the
errors and mistakes for the users.
 Reuse: It refers to the utilization of both external as well as internal data, information and
structure of the organization for the designing of web application (Korkishko, 2019).
Figure 5: Design princuples
(Source: Korkishko, 2019)
All these principles have been used along with web-based technology for the development of
web application for Williams Ltd. Company for their online business. Different web pages which

have been designed for Williams Ltd using all the above design principles has been shown
below:
Figure 6: Williams Ltd web page 1st
Figure 7: Williams Ltd web page 2nd