Analyzing Technology and Innovation Impact on Business: M&S

This report aims to analyze the impact of technology and innovation on managing business, focusing on a case study of Marks and Spencer (M&S). It begins by introducing the concept of business management and the advancements in technology, followed by an exploration of the impact of technology on business processes. The literature review discusses various perspectives on technology's role in enhancing productivity, communication, and marketing, while also addressing potential drawbacks like job displacement and security risks. The methodology section outlines the research approach, which includes qualitative research using an inductive approach and interpretivism philosophy. Data collection involves both primary and secondary data, with simple random sampling used to gather insights from 30 M&S employees. Thematic analysis is employed to analyze the collected data. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of technology in shaping the future of business, while also acknowledging the challenges and ethical considerations associated with its implementation.

Management research

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................2
Title: To analyse the impact of technology and innovation in managing business: A study of
Marks and Spencer...........................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LITERARURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
METHODLOGY.............................................................................................................................6
Research type..............................................................................................................................6
Research approach......................................................................................................................6
Research philosophies.................................................................................................................7
Data collection............................................................................................................................7
Sampling.....................................................................................................................................7
Data analysis...............................................................................................................................8
Reliability and validity................................................................................................................8
Research limitations....................................................................................................................8
Ethical considerations.................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Title: To analyse the impact of technology and innovation in managing
business: A study of Marks and Spencer.
INTRODUCTION
Aim: To present and analyse the use of technology in the various processes of managing
business and boosting innovation.
Objective:
 To assess the advancements of technology.
 To understand the process of managing business.
 To determine the impact of technology in managing business.
 To recommend ways of boosting innovation in managing business.
Background
The process of managing the business is a form of discipline that helps the organisation
to discover, analyse and measure the processes involved in business while making it automated.
Managing the business includes combination of the various methods that are used in business
processes. Marks and Spencer is known to be a British brand specialising on the multinational
retailer level in fashion and home products. It is one of the leading brands running in the market
of UK and offers products and services of exclusive nature and luxury category. The company
has its active presence on both offline stores and online digital channels and is looking various
ways to expand their business with the increase in technology. Technology and its advancements
have made the processes of the business easy and is leading many changes in the market world.
Research questions
Q1. What is the concept of business management?
Q2. What are the innovations and advancements in technology?
Q3. What is the impact of technology on process of managing business?

LITERARURE REVIEW
According to Fartash, and et.al., 2018 technology have lead to explore various new and
improved methods of attaining some desired outcome. Changes within the technology leading to
its advancements have resulted in increasing the productivity levels in labour, capital along with
other production procedures. Technology deals with the process of building in innovations in the
process where the inputs will be transformed to the outputs. Doshi, and et.al., 2021added
Changes in technology are the inventions in technology with the help of research and
development. This continuous improvements in technology have lead to make it important for
diffusion it in the industry and society. Moreover, Hero, 2019said that the speed at which
technology is growing is very fast and rapid. It is important for the businesses to be aware of the
technological advancements that are currently available in the market. This will help in
influencing their sales, cost along with the marketing methods. The advancements in technology
have a range of pros and cons associated with it in contexts of business and its related
stakeholders. It is important for any business and organisation to assess the risks while taking
some informed decisions related with the latest technology.
Au-Yong-Oliveira, and et.al., 2018 said that technology and its advancements have made
it easy, fast and effective to build communication in the business processes within an
organisation. It helps in having a better manufacturing techniques that are efficient as well as will
produce less amount of wastage. It helps in building more efficient management of stock and
ordering systems while encouraging the ability to develop new and innovative approaches. Jose,
and Jose, 2017contradicted that technology and its advancements leads to increase dependency
on the same while the latest technology involves high cost, especially in the small businesses.
Technology increases the risk of having job cuts as it allows high automation leading for
businesses to require less human power. Bauer, and Schlake, 2017agreed that technology even
leads to closure of high street stores and will favour more online based stores and shops. Not to
mention, there is a risk of security in association with the stored data and the fraud case.
Technology also requires regular forms of updates while it goes down and have many faults that
might result in stopping the business operations on instant basis.
Yu, and Zhang, 2019 mentioned that changes in technology have affected business and
the processes associated with the business operations. There are a lot of businesses in the market
that have adopted the new and advanced forms of technology that can be used to shape and

influence the future in the business world. Technology have made an important part as the
aspects of business such as within manufacturing process, purchasing, sales and even making
advertising easy and effective for the business. On the other hand, Golosova, and Romanovs,
2018 said that changes in the technology have improved the ways of communication in an
organisation. Emails are the electronic means that enables messages and allowing instant replies
while sharing heavy files. Other Software applications are designed and work in such a way that
makes it easy to create documents, capturing images and also, enabling the banking related
transactions. Businesses have developed the use of applications to conduct their business in
efficient manner. Moreover, Iravani, and et.al., 2017 added that other digital platforms have
made it easy for the organisations to reach out to a wide range of target audience as well as
having direct source of communication with its target audience. There are many technology tools
that have made it easy for the employees to build efficient communication such as web
conferencing as well as cloud computing helps in editing and storing the data on cloud from
where it can be easily assessed regardless of location. It accessing of the data requires high
connecting and internet network.
On a contradictory note, Dudnikov, 2017said that technology brings in many
disadvantages when used in managing business. Technology has played a major impact on
influencing various part in the modern world that is in immeasurable amount. Technology have
allowed significant progress in the different fields in the modern world and involves having a
continuous part in replacing the old technology with the new and updated and efficient ones. It
helps in making the life of living and working very accessible while rapidly growing in the
digital world. There are many businesses that just rely on the technology to make their business a
success. Liu, and et.al., 2019 said that digital technology have helped in bringing in success to
any businesses but have come with building many disadvantages such as job loss. Modern forms
of technology have replaced the human jobs with machines as that will automate the work done
in the production house as well as improving the productivity and efficiency for the same.
Vovchenko, and et.al., 2017 said that growing features in technology have lead to grow
the risk of having conventional jobs of the human workers and indirectly produce less value than
the human work. Automation technology can work and process better than some human form of
efforts at the same time as well as with higher efficiency. Moreover, Stepnov, 2021 added that
digital channels for entertainment and other activities are affordable and will increase the

reliance on the modern tolls such as smart phones that will reduce the thinking power. This can
be seen in much clear sense in the millennials and GenZ generations people. Technology leads to
reduce their thinking of building imagination and become creative as well as make them lose the
social communication skills. It will affect the brains of people and reduce the out of the box
thinking abilities present in them. This new generation is highly dependent with the use of
technology in progressing along with leading a healthy lifestyle. Thus, not making a better
platform for the future generations.
METHODLOGY
Research type
There are various types of research qualitative and quantitative research. Quantitative
research data is expressed in forms of numbers and deals with the facts and figures. It is related
with the statistics that is used to test and confirm the theories as well as the assumptions being
made. Such research is beneficial in producing generalised facts related with the topic and is
analysed from maths and statistical analysis (Mohammed, 2021). Qualitative research is
expressed in form of words that are beneficial in understanding the concepts and thoughts while
making the research produce in- depth insights based on the related topics of the research.
Qualitative research will be used in this research as it helps in exploring ideas and analysing the
summary by categorising and interpreting. It helps in understanding the concept in much better
way and eliminates any complexity in the process.
Research approach
The approach towards the research either inductive or deductive. Inductive research helps
in focusing on developing a theory while on the other hand deductive research will lead to test
the already existing theory. Inductive research is not based on any existing literature related with
the topic and is very common as there is no theory to be tested. In inductive research, an
observation is made and then patterns are generated from it. Tentative hypothesis is developed
from which theory is built. Whereas, in deductive research approach, a theory is taken in
consideration, hypothesis is made followed by the observations that will confirm the theory.
Inductive approach for research will be used as it is best for qualitative research type and helps in
creating new theoretical framework.

Research philosophies
Positivism and interpretivism are the two basic philosophies associated with the research.
Positivism is related with seeing the society and shaping the individuals while believing in the
social facts that will shape the individual action. Positivism will put more importance in doing
quantitative research such as conducting large scale surveys and deal with the social trends and
patterns. Interpretivism is an approach that deals with reacting to the external social forces that
the positivists believe in. It allows to intricate and complex the various experiences of the
individuals while understanding the reality in different ways. This research will use interpretivsm
philosophy to reach the desired conclusions.
Data collection
Primary data collection deals with the first hand data that is gathered in the research and
is considered to be the real time data. The process of collecting the primary data allows a lot of
involvement and different ways of conducting primary data includes surveys, observations,
experiments, questionnaire and so on. This process of data collection can be expensive and long
but helps in producing results that are specific to needs of research. Secondary data on the other
hand is the means to collect and analyse the information that is already gathered by somebody
else. It is past data and is quick and easy to gather. The sources of collecting secondary data is
from publications, websites, books and journals along with other such sources. This process is
economical and short and might not be specific to the needs. Primary and secondary both the
data will be collected in this research.
Sampling
Probabilistic sampling is related with the process of randomly selecting the samples and
allowing to make strong statistical inferences related with that complete population. Non
probabilistic sampling is the process including non- random selection of the samples from the
whole population. This selection is made on the basis of convenience as well as other criteria that
helps in collecting the data much easily. In probabilistic sampling every member of the
population will gave a chance to be selected and produces results that will represent the whole
group of people. This research will use simple random sampling as it helps in including whole
population and providing equal chance to all. The sample group will be collected from 30
employees from Marks and Spencer company.

Data analysis
Analysing the data gathered is a very crucial part in any research. Thematic analysis is
related with very common forms of analysis and will focus on identifying, analysing and
interpreting the patterns of data collected. Thematic analysis helps in qualitative research and
includes reading from the set data as well as exploring patterns present across the data. The other
method is from statistical analysis that is done with the help of software and includes the analysis
of facts and figures gathered. This research will be conducted in thematic analysis form as it will
help in identifying themes and using the same to address the issues present.
Reliability and validity
These are the two concepts that helps in evaluating the research and its quality. It will
depict the wellness of the methods and techniques used in measuring the results of the research.
Reliability is related with the consistency that will measure while validity is related with
producing accurate results. Reliability tells about the extend to which results are produced and
repeated under same conditions. While validity on the other hand, is the results that will measure
the accurate thing. This research will be reliable and valid as it will use make use of the latest
articles, where no alterations will be done. The data from online will be gathered only from copy
right protected sources and will use keywords to search for the articles related with the topic.
Research limitations
These limitations in the research will affect the ways in which results are generated and
conclusion is attained in a research. The major limitations in this research includes, the time. The
deadline for the research is very less that might affect the process of collecting primary data as
the process takes long time. The budget for the research is low and therefore qualitative research
is conducted that will help in producing insight details about the chosen topic. Lastly, there is
less availability of the required resources that might affect the final results.
Ethical considerations
It is important that the research is conducted in ethical way and have caused no harm to
any individual. This research will be conducted while considering all the ethical norms such as
consent form will be filled before collecting primary data from the respondents. Reference list
will be added at the end that will show that the work is not copied by referenced from these

sources. The information gathered from the respondents will not be revealed to public
knowledge.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Au-Yong-Oliveira, and et.al., 2018. The social impact of technology on millennials and
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Bauer, M. and Schlake, J.C., 2017, September. Changes to the automation architecture: Impact
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Doshi, and et.al., 2021. Impact of technology-based interventions on patient-reported outcomes
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Dudnikov, E.E., 2017, October. Advantages of a new Hyperloop transport technology. In 2017
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Golosova, J. and Romanovs, A., 2018, November. The advantages and disadvantages of the
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