Technology and Managers: Analysis of Research and Challenges

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities that technology presents to managers and organizations. It synthesizes findings from several research papers, examining topics such as stakeholder management in technology incubators, information security management, the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT), information flow modeling, enterprise information architecture, challenges in product-service transformation, multigenerational organizations, IoT applications, data mining for customer relationship management (CRM), innovation management frameworks, and the influence of IT governance and strategic alignment on organizational performance. The report highlights key issues like managing conflicting stakeholder expectations, securing information assets, adapting to technological changes, leveraging data analytics, and fostering innovation. It emphasizes the importance of effective communication, strategic alignment, and understanding the human element in technology implementation to achieve organizational success. The analysis covers both the benefits and risks associated with various technologies, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future challenges in the intersection of technology and management.

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Technology and Managers
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Technology and Managers 1
Agnete Alsos, . G., Hytti, U. & Ljunggren, E., 2011. Stakeholder theory approach to technology
incubators. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(6), pp. 607-625.
In this article, authors have explained about the technology incubators role in manage and balance the
expectations of organization’s stakeholders and chance of success. It has provided detailed description
of the incubator programmes, which are helpful for progress of an organization. Organizations face the
challenge to manage their stakeholders with a better performance and profit. Therefore, it is necessary
to manage them with a proper strategy, such as incubator management. It can manage and balance a
complex set of conflicting goals. It has provided research results and different approaches to manage
requirements of stakeholders of an organization. They want to run incubators as a business. However, it
depends on different conditions, such as political and social issues. Technology can manage few complex
challenges of organizations but management of incubators and technologies in the organization is also a
challenge in from of organizations.
Ashenden, D., 2008. Information Security management: A human challenge?. Information security
technical report, 13(4), pp. 195-201.
This article has based on the information security management in the organizations. It is a huge issue in
the front of organization to secure their information assets. In this article, author has explained about
challenges, which are faced by organizations at the time of implementation of information systems to
manage different business processes of the organization. It has described about the information security
management and the role of effective communication between different persons, such as senior
managers, security managers, and users. In present era, all the business processes of an organization
have changed by the technology and innovation to improve their performance. Author has explained
about the role of human in implementation of technologies in the organziation for their progress. It has
included different challenges of the organziation, such as structural, process, and boundary challenges.
It has also described in details about the human challenges, such as changing organizational culture, and
many others.

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Technology and Managers 3
Boos, D., Guenter, H., Grote, G. & Kinder, K., 2013. Controllable accountabilities: the internet of things
and its challenges for organisations. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(5), pp. 449-467.
In this paper, authors have descried about the Internet of Things (IoT) and its challenges for
organizations. It has explained about the role of IoT in an organization. It can improve accountability in
organizations. In this article, authors have considered IoT technologies in the case of organization
improvements from different sides, such as liability, visibility, responsibility, transparency, and
predictability. This article has described about the benefits and risks of IoT technologies as well as
importance of technology development from organizational point of view. It has provided human
challenges and risks of technologies in the field pharmaceuticals. There is a big issue of errors.
Therefore, it is a tough work to manage different things with the help of technologies. However,
machines are more productive in few cases. They can provide better results in working of different
business processes. Organization can implement technologies in their business process but it requires
huge cost and time to manage and implement technologies in their business processes.
Durugbo, . C., Tiwari, A. & Alcock, J. R., 2013. Modelling information flow for organisations: A review of
approaches and future challenges. International journal of information management, 33(3), pp. 597-610.
In this article, authors have explained about the role of modeling approach in the business growth of an
organization. This paper has described about the importance of the modeling information flow and its
advantages for the organization. It is difficult to understand the flow of information and modeling
techniques. They are helpful into understanding of that data in proper way by managers and data
analysts. This article has provided different approaches to identifying problems of organization, such as
diagrammatically modeling information flow, and mathematical modeling information flow as well as
current state of information flow modeling research. It has provided future challenges for information
flow research in the last section of the paper in which it included novel organisational networks,
studying industry needs, design space exploration, critiquing information flow, and organisation
contribution.

Technology and Managers 4
Iyamu, T., 2011. The architecture of information in organisations. South African Journal of Information
Management, 13(1), pp. 1-9.
This article is based on the information architecture for the organization. Authors have explained about
the role of information technologies in business and its challenges in the adoption and implementation.
IT services has increased the value of organization in terms of reputation and performance. This article
has described about the enterprise information architecture and its competitive advantages to the
organization in various forms. Organizations faced different challenge in to implementation of that
architecture because of their legacy systems and working procedures. EIA can help in the business
processes to the managers. It is a way to manage different processes in right way. It can provide many
benefits to the organization, such as improvement in business processes in term of revenue. It is also
helpful in the reduction of extra cost of different processes.
Martinez, . V., Bastl, M., Kingston, J. & Evans, S., 2010. Challenges in transforming manufacturing
organisations into product-service providers. Journal of manufacturing technology management, 21(4),
pp. 449-469.
In this article, authors have explained about the challenges experienced by UK manufacturing
companies. It was a process in which companies becoming product-service providers. It was a tough
journey to becoming product-service providers. This article has described about the servitization
challenges. It is a way to remove barrier from the process and make a strategy to provide products into
market. This paper has included qualitative research in its study. It has described about the challenges of
companies in the journey become product-service providers. It has explained about the change
management in the manufacturing industries of UK. It has also described about the organizational
change and product management in the industries. It is a process in which industries are changes their
business process from manufacturing to product-service providers. It has taken data from different
interviews and archival data. It has explained those concepts using 400 pages of interview data.

Technology and Managers 5
Millar, C. & Lockett, M., 2014. Multigenerational organisations: A challenge for technology and social
change.. Elsevier, Volume 89, pp. 273-283.
In this article, authors has described about technological challenges are a huge challenge in front of
multi-generational organizations. There are a gap between aging and agility. Organizations face chalices
related to the technological development and innovations. Many workers are working with their old
system and it is so hard to move them into new system. This article has described about the
demographic and social changes faced by organizations. It has also described about the issues related
with technological and social factors restated to ageing in organizations. Organizations have new
strategies based on the innovations but ageing issues is making a challenge in front of them. In this
paper, different figures provides a detailed view that ageing is not an big issues in front of organizations
because all ages of active internet users are available on internet. However, technological changes
should not be assumed a matter of age.
Lee, I. & Lee, K., 2015. The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for
enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), pp. 431-440.
Authors have described about the challenges faced by the organizations into implementation and
adoption of technologies in their business processes to improve their performance. This article has
explained about the role of Internet of Things in the success and growth of the organizations. It has
described about the deployment of IoT-based products and services in the different processes of an
organization. This article has explained about the five managerial and technical challenges of the IoT.
Authors have described about the data management challenges in the organizations. IoT devices
generate massive amount of data, such as sensors and other devices. Therefore, they require data
centre to store that data in secure way. Data mining challenges is also a great issue in front of
organizations, as they are not having proper data mining tools for data analytics and experts. It has
explained that privacy and security is a huge challenge in front of organizations.

Technology and Managers 6
Rygielski, . C., Wang, J.-C. & Yen, D. C., 2002. Data mining techniques for customer relationship
management. Technology in society, 24(4), pp. 483-502.
In this article, authors have explained about the role of data mining techniques and its challenges to
manage customer relationship management of an organization. It has described that most of the
organziation are having their customer’s data. Therefore, they can use data warehouses and data mining
techniques to know about the customer’s behaviour from their previous purchases. It will provide help
in to offering new offers to them based on their choices in past. It has a piracy and security issues to
share customer’s information to other persons. This paper has described about the importance of the
customers relationship management systems and data mining techniques to improve performance and
growth of the organization. It has also described about OLAP and other tools, which are helpful to access
the data and provide data analysis report. It is a best way to manage their business but data breaches
and cyber-attacks are huge challenges in front of organizations.
Tao, L., Probert, D. & Phaal, R., 2010. Towards an integrated framework for managing the process of
innovation. R&d Management, 40(1), pp. 19-30.
In this article, integrated framework is considered to manage the process of innovation in the
organization. Innovations are basic needs of an organization to grow and success in the marketplace.
Authors has described about the role of innovations in the growth and success of an organization. There
are many uncertainties and ambiguous market signals, which are faced as a challenge by organizations.
In this paper, it has explained Innovation Readiness Level (IRL), which is a framework to manage
innovations and lifecycle process. It has six phases, which are concept, components, completion, chasm,
competition, changeover, and closedown. It has described about the research and development
department roles in the business. In addition, it has explained role of innovation in sales and marketing.
Organisation can create their own strategic planning group and human resources to manage different
things in proper way. This paper has also explained about the financial risks of an organization.

Technology and Managers 7
Wu, S. P. J., Straub, D. W. & Liang, T. P., 2015. How information technology governance mechanisms and
strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business
and IT managers. Mis Quarterly, 39(2), pp. 497-518.
In this article, two things have explained by the authors, which are strategic alignment and information
technology governance mechanism. It has described about IT governances based on the cross validated
with archival data from 72 firms. Strategic alignment is highly required to manage an organization.
Therefore, it is necessary to manage all the things in proper way. Organizations are facing huge
challenges to implement technologies in the different business processes. There is a huge scope with the
help of technology to the organization. It has explained about the insights from matched survey. It has
described that there are a relationship between managers and business. This article has provided data
about the IT governance and strategic alignment in to business processes.
References
Agnete Alsos, . G., Hytti, U. & Ljunggren, E., 2011. Stakeholder theory approach to technology
incubators. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(6), pp. 607-625.
Ashenden, D., 2008. Information Security management: A human challenge?. Information security
technical report, 13(4), pp. 195-201.
Boos, D., Guenter, H., Grote, G. & Kinder, K., 2013. Controllable accountabilities: the internet of things
and its challenges for organisations. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(5), pp. 449-467.
Durugbo, . C., Tiwari, A. & Alcock, J. R., 2013. Modelling information flow for organisations: A review of
approaches and future challenges. International journal of information management, 33(3), pp. 597-610.
Iyamu, T., 2011. The architecture of information in organisations. South African Journal of Information
Management, 13(1), pp. 1-9.
Lee, I. & Lee, K., 2015. The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for
enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), pp. 431-440.

Technology and Managers 8
Martinez, . V., Bastl, M., Kingston, J. & Evans, S., 2010. Challenges in transforming manufacturing
organisations into product-service providers. Journal of manufacturing technology management, 21(4),
pp. 449-469.
Millar, C. & Lockett, M., 2014. Multigenerational organisations: A challenge for technology and social
change.. Elsevier, Volume 89, pp. 273-283.
Rygielski, . C., Wang, J.-C. & Yen, D. C., 2002. Data mining techniques for customer relationship
management. Technology in society, 24(4), pp. 483-502.
Tao, L., Probert, D. & Phaal, R., 2010. Towards an integrated framework for managing the process of
innovation. R&d Management, 40(1), pp. 19-30.
Wu, S. P. J., Straub, D. W. & Liang, T. P., 2015. How information technology governance mechanisms and
strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business
and IT managers. Mis Quarterly, 39(2), pp. 497-518.