Technology in Organisations: Big Data and Security - Business Report

This report examines the vital role of technology in organizational success, focusing on the increasing importance of updated technology for innovation and effectiveness. It discusses the application of Big Data in organizations, using Arden University as a case study to illustrate its benefits in departments like examination and administration, highlighting improved marketing strategies and decision-making. The report also addresses crucial security and privacy measures, including encryption policies, acceptable use policies, password protocols, email guidelines, and data processing regulations, emphasizing compliance with GDPR. Furthermore, it delves into telecommunications, explaining cellular networks, their components, and functionality, alongside the use of spreadsheets in modern organizations. The report concludes by underscoring the necessity of technological adoption and robust security practices for sustained organizational growth and data protection.

Technology in
Organisations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Case Study & Questions.........................................................................................................3
Security and Privacy...............................................................................................................5
Telecommunication and spreadsheets....................................................................................7
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
It is important to note that technology plays a vital role in success of an organisation. It is
seen that in today's time technology is increasing at a fast pace. To achieve success it is vital for
business organisation to work effectively and use updated technology (Sinno and Bovik, 2019).
It is seen that it helps to innovate the product and service of organization and to achieve success.
In this report there is discussion related to use of technology in an organisation. There is
discussion realted to use of IT in today's business environment. It is vital to note that Big data
plays a vital role in organisation and that is explained with the help of examples. The benefits of
big data are also part of this report. There are some measures that must be taken by IT in orderer
to security and data privacy.
Case Study & Questions
A) Big Data and its role in Arden University with examples of two departments
Big Data relates to huge volumes of data generated by many origins such as social media
platforms, online logs, sensors, IoT devices, and others. This can be organised as in
DBMS tables, semi-structured as in XML files or unstructured like audios, videos,
images. Big Data enables businesses to gain important knowledge. Big Data is used by
Arden University to improve their marketing strategies and approaches. Firms utilize it to
train machines in machine learning projects, predictive modelling, and other advanced
analytics purposes (Billis and Rochester, 2020). When organisations need to store huge
volumes of data, Big Data solutions such as Apache Hadoop, Spark, and others can help
them save money. These tools assist businesses in discovering more successful business
practises. Real-time in-memory analytics enables businesses to acquire data from a
variety of sources. Tools such as Hadoop enable businesses to examine data in real time,
allowing them to make rapid choices based on their findings.
Role of big data in different departments of Arden University are mentioned below:
Examination department: Big Data assists instructors in tracking student achievement.
The study assists in understanding both individual and group performance. Individual
grade statistics analysis will assist teachers in understanding individuals' areas of interest
(Shrivastava, 2021). The grading system may well be improved to highlight the main
areas in which the student excels. This technology would also enable teachers to provide

useful feedback to the students and support them in selecting the best career route.
Analyzing such data traces can assist instructors in better understanding student
performance and behavior. Big Data allows to them to track their behaviours, such as
their reaction time for test problems, the sources they use to prepare oneself, the
questions they skip, and the questions they correctly solve. Feedback has the potential to
dramatically enhance outcomes. That's because learners would be capable to see where
they excel and where they fall short (Ali, Hoque and Alam, 2018).
Administrative department: Educators could design personalised courses for pupils
depending on the scores and concentration ability. Students could also be provided
hybrid learning which combines both offline and online learning options. Students could
obtain study material and lectures online using tailored programmes. They are free to
learn at their own speed.
B) Key benefits Arden University gain after adopting Big Data
The benefits of using Big Data in context to Arden University are mentioned below:
Accessible: As big data is based on a technical infrastructure for capturing, storing, and
managing information, it is much simpler to find what searching for. Aside from
infrastructure, institutional barriers could enable knowledge sharing difficult. Leadership
might well have accessibility to data that instructors do not, that could create hurdles to
growth and comprehension (Simpson, Love and Walker, 2019). Data analytics, in
collaboration with the appropriate technologies, will assist them in creating a more
collaborative work environment. Several software applications are accessible using
browsers such as Google Chrome and Safari, eliminating the need to install a programme
or plug-in.
It is quick: With all of their university's details in one place they will focus on saving a
tremendous amount of time sifting through data to identify a particular document or
information about a particular student. As big data is now available in real time, they
could make decisions faster than ever before (Avital, Jensen and Dyrby, 2021). This is
especially useful during enrollment times, when instructors are keeping track of
enrollment statistics in order to plan for the following semester. Year-Over-Year
Enrollment data may be managed to assist to assess how enrollments are faring in

comparison to the same period last year. Then they may make selections on the same day
to enhance or maintain the consistency of their enrollments.
Security and Privacy
It is vital for an organisation to use data privacy so that there are no problems faced by the
organisation. The measures are discussed below:
Encryption policies: It is seen that Encryption as it converts the data in another
language. It helps to change the language in different codes so that no one can understand the
language. GDPR helps to formulate such measures that help in development of standards that
will help to safe the information of company (Thu, Ngoc and Hai, 2020) . It will help the leakage
of data to external sources. It is a good source that helps to keep data safe and free from cyber
crime. It is important to note that security of data is vital and encryption is a way that changes the
language and no third person can read it.
Acceptable use policies: It is seen that employees must use polices that are acceptable. It
helps to keep the data and information away from malware and viruses and also helps to assure
that the data is not slacking off. As the data is shared through websites and the information can
be used by external parties. So, it is important to use acceptable websites that not store data and
help the organisation to safeguard the data and all the important information. The policies help
the employees to monitor them and become sure that right work is doe by following right policy.
It is important to note that any organisation should not use exhaustive or automated measures or
use such method that leaves no trace of monitoring.
Password policies: It is always advisable to use passwords. But it is seen that normally
employees use easy passwords that include there date of birth and number in series. It is easy for
hackers to hack the data and information and also steal the same. It is important to note that such
passwords are of no use (Gour and Tomamichel, 2020) . It is vital to note that the company
should explain the employees the ways that will help them top secure data. The password should
be combination of number, letters special characters so that there is no issue related to safety and
security. It is seen that a company should have provision of setting strong passwords that are
never hacked or are difficult to hack. This will help the organisation to keep data safe. Along
with that passwords should be reviews and changed every 6 months so that no one is able to hack
information.

Email policies: It is seen that there are number of spam emails that are in inbox. So it is
suggested that the organisations must formulate the policies ion such a manner that will help
them to stay away from the threats and viruses. As email is also a source that will help the
company to safeguard themselves against these viruses (Eklund and et. al., 2018) . It is important
to spread awareness about email and the policies that will help them to work effectively and will
help them to safe themselves against such hackers.
Data processing policies: It is vital for organisation to map the ways that will help them
to keep track on data that is being used by organisation (Smith and et. al., 2020) . It is important
to note that GDPR is a helpful to keep track on data and information. It helped to keep the
organisation enable to keep the data safe and secure.
The key provisions of GDPR
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was started by UK in 2018. It helps to keep
the data safe and secure. There are a lot of provision established into the revised GDPR act.
These provision are meant for protections individuals from getting theft of their personal data
and security. In the new provision, there are many acts which are discussed below:
Right to be informed: under this right, an individual have proper authorization over getting
informed about what is helping with their data (Bracale and Vaccaro, 2020) . This right will
significantly put influence on taking individuals consent by making them informed about use and
rejections of their data provided. Many social media companies use this provision to assess
consumers data into phones and laptop by providing OTP.
The right of access: this data protection provision is all about providing access over individuals
data. A business could run effective operations and build consumer trust by giving them access
over information within one month. If an individuals demands for accessing data, no business
cloud neglect their request as it is under the right of individuals to have acknowledgement of
how and where their data gets used.
The right to rectification: an individuals any conduct mistake while any kind of situation.
Therefore, companies are entitled to provide right to rectify whatever they have submitted with
the company (Gapen and et. al., 2020). Rectification is required to avoid mistakes by deleting
any data at any time and so add the same.
The right to be forgotten: as per the ICO, an individual has right to erase of add forgotten data
which could anytime be change. The companies need to ascertain retention policy and entitled to

make review of the data so that, mistakes would be eliminate and things which have forget could
now be added.
The right to restrict processing: under this data protection policy, an individual has right to get
restrict over their data. It is a way through which an individual could stop data by being indulge
in unsafe practices.
The right to data portability: this data protection right gives an individual access to data
portability in which they may could take their data from one place to another without any
complex procedure.
The right to object: this data protection act makes an individual fee to put up question regarding
their use of data without their permission
Rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling: an individual have rights to
be indulged in decision making about their data and set or profiling it as per their concern.
Telecommunication and spreadsheets
A) Cellular network, its principle components and its working
A cellular network is a radio network that is dispersed across land in the form of cells,
each of which has a fixed position transceiver known as a base station. Together, these
cells offer radio coverage across a broader geographical region (Long, 2018). As a result,
user equipment like as mobile phones may communicate even while the equipment is
travelling across cells during transmission.
Principles
 The cellular architecture includes of a backbone network with stationary base
stations connecting through a fixed network and mobile stations communicating
with the base stations with wireless connections.
 A cell is the geographical region in which mobile stations (MSs) may connect
with a certain base station.
 Neighbouring cells overlap with one other, enabling communication continuity
while users move from one cell to another (Dhawan, 2017).
 Through the base stations and the backbone network, the MSs connect with one
another and with other networks.

When these cells are linked together, they offer radio coverage across a large
geographic region. This allows a huge number of portable transceivers such as,
mobile phones, pagers and so on to connect with each other as well as fixed
transceivers and telephones throughout the network using base stations (Attri and et.
al., 2021).
B) Benefits of a cellular network to a business
For maintaining appropriate cellular network, there is an increased use of network
which helps in making the data transfer in the speedy manner in the technological
advancement by smartphone devices. It helps in serving many data which is to be
transferred in the advanced manner as it focuses in maintaining the quality. Cellular
networks are used for more than the voice calls. There has been the improved network
and handset which have made easier to transfer the data due to development of wide
range of sophisticated phones which are also known as smartphones (Mignardi and
Verdone, 2017). It focuses on maintaining better facility for communication with the help
of which the businesses are able to collaborate with other members by way of technical
inventions and ideas. The benefits of using the cellular network to the business is
discussed below-
 Enhanced communication- The cellular networks are aimed to head out in maintaining
the communication with the help of which the staff and customers are able to share their
relevant information in an easy and quick manner. All these networking helps in
maintaining the value, culture, scale. It takes less cost and saves time as communication
is mad easier with this easy platform. Due to its low cost, all businesses and universities
use it as a medium to build the communication channel between them so that efficient
working is ensured.
 Increased collaboration with the members-The communication network helps in
maintaining the proper collaboration by which the staff and members of the company an
communicate in any area by way of cellular network.
 Response enhancement-The technology in mobile phones have helped in improving the
response of workforce which contributes in making their work easy. It build interactions
with many responses and the search tools so that chats are made. The laptops,

smartphones, chat platforms are an important area which contributes in enhancing the
response.
 Minimum cost of the operation-The cellular network is a cost effective technology
which is used by all the business. It makes proper communication in every location so
that the performance of the staff is enhanced. With its low cost strategy, it supports the
business to grow and develop in any area as communication makes it easier to expand
business with minimum cost of communicating.
 Time saving process- As cellular networks makes the communication easier, the
businesses use it in their internal and external working which increases less chance of
time waste as people can communicate from any area to anywhere. With the rapid change
in technology, the growth and advancement in mobile sector has resulted in time saving
working.
 Increased production- The mobile technology has contributed in increasing the
performance of the employees who are working in the company. This increased
productivity helps in taking the competitive edge as the cellular network helping in
maintaining the positive approach by the analyzed and easy method of communication. It
makes easier for companies to increase the production which contributes in the growth
and development of business (Liu and et. al., 2018).
C) Below is a spreadsheet from the Payroll department of Weaning Entertainment Ltd.
Spreadsheet

Formula = {=COUNTIF(B30:B36,"<67499.99")}

CONCLUSION
From this report it is concluded that data privacy and security is vital for an organisation. It is
seen that a company must assure that they use latest technology and work in an effective manner.
In this report there is discussion related to dig data and how it is helpful in business. It is vital to
note that nowadays all the organisation uses big data for understanding trend in market. It is vital
to note that keeping the data is essential for a company and they must take effective measures to
safe data and keep all the information private. It is seen that in GDPR also plays a vital role so
there is discussion related to key provision of GDPR. In the end there is spread sheet Payroll
department.

REFERENCE
Book & journals
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