FND3003: Teenage Pregnancy - Causes, Effects, and UK Minimization

This report delves into the complex issue of teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom, focusing on girls aged 13 to 19. It aims to understand the concept, determine the causes and effects, and examine strategies to minimize its impact. The research questions address the definition of teenage pregnancy, its causes and consequences, and effective intervention methods. The rationale emphasizes the importance of knowledge and education in addressing this public health concern, highlighting the role of healthcare professionals in providing support and care. The literature review explores the concept of teenage pregnancy, its causes (including adverse childhood experiences, peer pressure, and socioeconomic factors), and its effects (such as poor education, poverty, and health-related problems). Strategies to minimize teenage pregnancy include creating awareness, school-based sex education, and individual counseling. The methodology involves a search strategy using databases like PubMed, a mixed research approach (qualitative and quantitative), and primary and secondary research methods, with ethical considerations to ensure participant consent, privacy, and confidentiality. Desklib offers a platform to access this and many other solved assignments for students.

Teenage pregnancy

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH AIM............................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................1
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................1
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH..............................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2
Understand the concept of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within United
Kingdom.................................................................................................................................2
Determine the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within
United Kingdom.....................................................................................................................3
Examine the strategies or ways used to minimise the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy
among girls aged 13 to 19 years within United Kingdom......................................................4
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................4
Search strategy........................................................................................................................4
Database used.........................................................................................................................5
Research choice......................................................................................................................5
Research method....................................................................................................................5
ETHCIAL CONSIDERATION.......................................................................................................5
FINDING.........................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
TEMPORAL PLAN.........................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................9
100 keywords on privacy and confidentiality........................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Teenage pregnancy can include pregnant women under age of 20. It usually includes the
pregnant women between 15 to 19 years. This also refers to the adolescent pregnancy. There are
large number of teenage pregnancy cases within UK. This can lead to high risk of life to
teenagers with pregnancy and the unborn child. This can lead to high negative health impact on
them. There is need to take care about the teenage pregnancy within UK within last two decades
which can getting lower. In this, there is need to take care about using different strategy and
ways which can be helpful to reduce the cases of teenage pregnancy within UK. In this, there is
discussion about the teenage pregnancy and its relevant consequences. There is also discussion
about the concept, impact and intervention of teenage pregnancy in UK. It also includes the
rationale, methodology and ethical consideration of research (Haldre and et. al., 2021).
RESEARCH AIM
To analyse the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within
UK
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 To understand the concept of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within
UK.
 To determine the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19
years within UK.
 To examine the strategies or ways used to minimize the causes and effects of teenage
pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within UK.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What are the concept of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within UK?
 What are the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years
within UK?
 What are the strategies or ways used to minimize the causes and effects of teenage
pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within UK?
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RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH
The rationale of the research is well articulated and provided with the context of personal
and professional development. The research is usually conducted on the teenage pregnancy and
their impact on teenage girl with the age of 13 to 19 years within the UK. In this, there are
number of consequence and complication which may arise due to the teenage pregnancy.
Therefore, the research helps to provide the knowledge and education regards with the teenage
pregnancy. In this, the professional development is usually initiated while collecting of data for
the research and after that that knowledge plays vital role in the development of professional
attribute and attitude. The professional development carries individual taking admission with the
course which is related with the medical background or related with the health and social care.
The topic shows their significance within the health and social care that help to provide
knowledge and their significance while pursing the course or working in the healthcare setting or
providing the knowledge and education the people with the term with social care. In addition, the
professional development is helpful in order to carry such knowledge for the public health and
improving the quality of life of people with the context to provide proper and support. Therefore,
as a healthcare professional or staff the knowledge build and attitude or personality to support the
people and provide education who is facing the complication of teenage pregnancy and prevent
the teenage pregnancy which is may be impact negative on the girls. The personal development
also supports the individual in order to gather the information that may be helpful for the future
concern when any issue is arising then the knowledge is enough to provide support and care to
the people.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Understand the concept of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within United
Kingdom.
According to SmithBattle (2020), teenage pregnancy also refers to adolescent pregnancy
which are in female under age 20. WHO includes that pregnancy occurs due to sexual
intercourse after ovulation which can also be there before the first menstrual period and can also
occur after onset of periods. It is a public health concern which occurs in teenage girls between
15-19. There are large number of girls who have given birth to child each years which can
include about 11% of birth worldwide. Early marriage can also can lead to teenage pregnancy
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which is one of the major cause of the teenage pregnancy. There are about one in every four girls
who give birth by the age of 18 years. There are large number of teenage girls with United
Kingdom who get pregnant due to various reason like getting poorly prepared for life in modern
and sexualised society. There are large number of teenager who are facing issues due to
pregnancy. In this, one of the main reason can be early marriage, not having broad knowledge
about reproduction and lack of learning and manageable ability to avoid the risk of pregnancy.
Determine the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13 to 19 years within
United Kingdom
According to Wang (2019), there are various reasons due to which teenage pregnancy
occur in girls below 20. These may include various risk factor adverse childhood experience,
peer pressure, lack of control, sexual abuse and lack of awareness can be some of the reason for
teenage pregnancy. Poor education and social economic problem can also a reason for the
teenage pregnancy. There are various consequences that can be face by the teenage pregnant girl
which may include weak financial status, poor education, poverty, health related problem,
increased healthcare cost and many more (Erfina and et. al., 2019). There are some of the
consequence of teenage pregnancy which may include as the lowered educational achievement,
low labour force participation, medical complication, economic stress, martial failure, reduced
earning and many more. There is high impact of teenage pregnancy which leads to suffer by that
individual, their family, society and even country. This can lead to create some consequences
which can lead to create high impact on individual which are associated teenage pregnancy.
Child maltreatment syndrome is also another consequence which cause due to teenage
pregnancy. Here, due to not having financially stable they may not able to take care of baby
which lead to create negative health on child. There is also negative health impact on pregnant
girl due to not able to not able to get all the nutrition which are required for pregnant woman.
There is also impact on child growth and development which can lead to abandoned and requires
some special care which is not possible for everyone. There are also numbers of abandoned
babies within UK that are the result of teenage pregnancy. Due to not able to take care of new
born baby or not having potential to care for babies lead to case of abounded babies that are
found in non-findable location (Erfina and et. al., 2018).
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Examine the strategies or ways used to minimise the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy
among girls aged 13 to 19 years within United Kingdom
According to Cederbaum (2020), lower education level is one of the main reason which
cause teenage pregnancy in which it is essential to deal with it more effectively. In this, there is
need to use different strategy and ways that can help to reduce the cases of teenage pregnancy
within girls under 20 in UK. Creating awareness can be effective strategy which can help to
educate teenagers and older people to get knowledge about the impact and consequences which
leads to reduce the cases of teenage pregnancy. In this, it is essential to have focus on the sharing
of information to teenagers to understand about the consequences which can enable them to
resist pregnancy. School-based sex education can one of the effective strategy which can allow to
get better care about teenage pregnant girl (Kiani and et. al., 2018). Here, school need to take
some lecture about the sex education where all the information about sex should be delivered to
students. This can enable teenagers to understand the impact of teenage pregnancy and allow
them to live quality of life. Here, they should get the information about using safety and
contraceptives which can allow to resist pregnancy. Individual counselling can also be helpful in
reducing the cases of teenage pregnancy. This can relate to take care about the feeling through
which teenagers are going through. In this, there is need to take care about the effective response
through the teenagers to get learning and understanding about the effectiveness of knowledge
and counselling (Zheng and et. al., 2020).
METHODOLOGY
Search strategy
The search strategy is important in order to collect the data and information which is related with
the chosen topic which is based on impact of teenage pregnancy. For the information collection
and selection that is related with the chosen topic is usually based on the various website and
many more (Vusio, Thompson and Birchwood, 2021). Therefore, there are number of website
and search platform are available in which the most reliable and validated article are selected for
the review in order to select and collect more information for selected article. In this, the
PubMed is selected as the major aspect of data and information gathering platform that is
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validated for the research process. The PubMed is huge source of data and information which is
helpful for the collection of data that require for the research (Li, Verhagen and Curran, 2020).
Database used
The database is usually used in various aspect such as for the appropriate collection and selection
of data. In this, they also used to provide the aspect which is related with the chosen topic and it
is appropriate for the data selection and collection. The PubMed Central is the major database
which is used in order to collect the data and information regarding impact of teenage pregnancy.
It helps to show their significance for the collection of organised information that is easily
accessed and managed and updated. The PubMed central consist of millions of article that
include abstract, introduction and with primary language of English (Liamputtong, 2019).
Research choice
In the context to research process, the mixed choice is usually taken within the research. The
qualitative and quantitative method are used within the research process which help to collect
and gather the information. The qualitative deal with word and concept with the characteristic
with non-numerical data and quantitative deal with numeric, statistic and graph that provide the
calculation. Such as prevalence, etc (McCosker and Gerrard, 2021).
Research method
The research method used within the report is primary and secondary in which the primary
method is defined as the collection of data from the first time with interview or face to face
communication and secondary research focus on the previous studies which is already done. In
this, the review process is used to undertaken for the elucidation of data and information (Patel,
2020).
ETHCIAL CONSIDERATION
While performing any study or research, it is essential to take care about the ethical
responsibility which includes the taking care about the participant consent. In this, it is necessary
to get consent about the activity or experience in which they are going to involve. During study
no individual get harmed. It is needed to take care about the effectiveness of the safety of all
individual or participants who are involved in the study. This research also includes the privacy
and confidentiality of research information in which any information about the participants.
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Study also includes the ethical values and norms which are legal for better result of study (Eyo
and et. al., 2021).
FINDING
Findings states about the various negative consequences of teenage pregnancy which can
have high impact on pregnant girl and on their family. There is various reason or because which
lead to teenage pregnancy. In this, there is need to ensure about the ways and strategy which can
help in reducing cases of teenage pregnancy. There is another finding that through creating
awareness can have high impact on dealing with risk of teenage pregnancy. Sex education can
also help to educate teenagers which can effectively help to reduce the risk of teenage pregnancy.
CONCLUSION
As the above discussion, it is well analysed that the teenager’s pregnancy is usually create
various complications and consequences with the teenage girls. The major concept of the
teenager’s pregnancy is usually arising due to the poverty, lack of education and many more
which is contributed towards the teenager’s pregnancy. In addition, the major complications are
related with the biological factor that affect the teenage girl in way which is risky towards
mother and child are associated. In addition, there are various intervention providing awareness
regards with the sex education which is essential in order to reduce the major complications that
arising within the teenage pregnancy.
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TEMPORAL PLAN
Activities/Months August September October November December January
Introduction
Aim and objective
Literature review
Methodology
Discussion
Submission
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Cederbaum, J.A., Jeong, C.H., Yuan, C. and Lee, J.O., 2020. Sex and substance use behaviors
among children of teen mothers: A systematic review. Journal of adolescence, 79,
pp.208-220.
Erfina, E., Widyawati, W., McKenna, L., Reisenhofer, S. and Ismail, D., 2019. Adolescent
mothers' experiences of the transition to motherhood: An integrative
review. International journal of nursing sciences, 6(2), pp.221-228.
Eyo, N.A. and Hasan, N.A.M., 2021. The Influence of Self-Efficacy in Ethical Consideration and
Decision-Making Processes. Romanian Journal of Communication and Public
Relations, 23(3), pp.25-45.
Haldre, K., Rahu, M., Allvee, K. and Rahu, K., 2021. Trends in teenage delivery and abortion
rates in Estonia over more than two decades: a nationwide register-based study. European
Journal of Public Health, 31(4), pp.790-796.
Kiani, M., Abbasi, M., Ahmadi, M. and Salehi, B., 2018. Organ transplantation in Iran; current
state and challenges with a view on ethical consideration. Journal of clinical
medicine, 7(3), p.45.
Li, R., Verhagen, W.J. and Curran, R., 2020. A systematic methodology for Prognostic and
Health Management system architecture definition. Reliability Engineering & System
Safety, 193, p.106598.
Liamputtong, P. ed., 2019. Handbook of research methods in health social sciences. Singapore::
Springer.
McCosker, A. and Gerrard, Y., 2021. Hashtagging depression on Instagram: Towards a more
inclusive mental health research methodology. new media & society, 23(7), pp.1899-
1919.
Patel, N., 2020. Qualitative Research Methodology and its Scope in Health Services
Research. Journal of neurological research and therapy, 3(2).
SmithBattle, L., 2020. Walking on eggshells: An update on the stigmatizing of teen
mothers. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 45(6), pp.322-327.
Vusio, F., Thompson, A. and Birchwood, M., 2021. A novel application of the Lego® Serious
Play® methodology in mental health research: Understanding service users' experiences
of the 0‐19 mental health model in the United Kingdom. Early Intervention in Psychiatry.
Wang, L., Xiang, X., Mi, B., Song, H., Dong, M., Zhang, S., Bi, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, Q.
and Zhang, L., 2019. Association between early prenatal exposure to ambient air
pollution and birth defects: evidence from newborns in Xi’an, China. Journal of Public
Health, 41(3), pp.494-501.
Wells, J.C., 2018. The capacity–load model of non-communicable disease risk: understanding
the effects of child malnutrition, ethnicity and the social determinants of
health. European journal of clinical nutrition, 72(5), pp.688-697.
Zheng, C., Li, S., Chen, Y., Ye, J., Xiao, A., Xia, Z., Liao, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, L. and
Wang, C., 2020. Ethical consideration on use of seclusion in mental health
services. International journal of nursing sciences, 7(1), pp.116-120.
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APPENDIX
100 keywords on privacy and confidentiality
Seclusion Solitude Insularity Retreat Private
In camera Esoteric Concealment Isolation Separateness
Personal Privily Privy Proprietary Restricted
Sub rosa Disclaimer Anti-spamming Sequestration Aloofness
Secret Secrecy Auricular Backstage Covert
Delitescent Privately Secluded Sequestered Hermitage
Interiority Penetralia Privity Sanctuary Sanctum
Intellectual Rights Copyright Infringement Piracy
Security Privateness Aup Aloofness Quiet
Clandestineness Retirement Red herring Veil Laundromat
Fig leaf Dissimulation hide Obscuration Occultation
Hideway Classified Inside Familiar Privileged
Intimate Near Hush-hush Attitude Covertly
Hushed Impartial Ansafone Entre nous confides
Discretion Non-disclosure Concise Safe Secure
Ensure Hidden Latent Confidential Mysterious
Enigmatic Encrypted Interiority Contractual Somnolent
Mystic Dark Integrity Opiate Soporific
Configuration Darkness Authorisation Stealth Silence
Covertness Furtiveness Hypnotics Suppression Somnific
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