IT Projects 10: Telecommunication Analysis and Network Upgrade Design

This report provides a detailed analysis of telecommunication technologies and network design, focusing on an IT project. It begins with an introduction to telecommunication concepts, including bandwidth, telecommunication networks, and network impairments. The report then delves into the history of telecommunication, tracing its evolution from the invention of the electric telephone to the development of the internet. The core of the report focuses on a network design for a telecommunication upgrade on the Island of San Antonio, addressing the need for improved speed and broadband infrastructure. It explores the impact of digital technologies, compares various wireless transmission technologies (Z-Wave, BLE, Bluetooth, ZigBee), and evaluates design technologies such as leased lines and DSL. The report incorporates network diagrams and tables to illustrate key concepts and comparisons. The report concludes by summarizing the findings and highlighting the importance of telecommunication advancements for development.

IT Projects 10
Table of Contents
1

Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
Part 1: Telecommunication concept.......................................................................................1
Part 2: History of telecommunication.....................................................................................3
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4
Task 2.1............................................................................................................................................4
Network design for telecommunication upgrade...................................................................4
Task 2.2............................................................................................................................................5
i. Impact of digital technologies.......................................................................................5
ii. Identification and comparison between wireless transmission technologies................5
iii. Evaluate design technologies........................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8
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Introduction
Telecommunication technology is defined as distance communication like telephone,
microwave, computer networking, radio, satellite, television and data communication. These are
utilised via electoral administration for transmitting information by making use of telephony,
radio, documents and data that includes images, texts and sounds within computer networks.
These technologies are utilised for transferring information by making use of light or electrical
technologies (Afraz and Ruffini, 2019). Network implies exchange of ideas along with
information in between people who have certain special interest. It is utilised via professionals
for expansion of their circles through which awareness can be created related with trends that
prevails across the world. This report will provide an insight into different aspects related with
telecommunication technologies. Along with this network design will be provided for a case
study that is based on The island of san Antonio.
Task 1
Part 1: Telecommunication concept
The social process for exchanging information and transmission via different
technologies over optical, radio, wire or any other electromagnetic systems is referred to as
telecommunication. It implies transmission of data through electronic as well as electrical means
at certain distance. The telecommunication arrangement comprises of two or more stations that
have been equipped with distinct transmitters as well as receiver devices. It is universal term that
is utilised for vast range of transmission of technologies like land lines, broadcast network,
mobile phones and VoIP. Within telecommunication, information is transmitted in form of
electrical signals that are also referred to as carrier waves. They are modulated into digital or
analog signals for transmission of data. Anolog modulation is utilised like radio broadcasting that
is amplitude modulation. On the other hand, digital aspects comprises of updated forms of this.
Telecommunication as well as broadcasting network is administered across worldwide. This
enables group of systems are associated via network that enables interaction along with sharing
of information (Alem, Clark and Moreno, 2016). Such kind of network allows world to interact
through internet, extranet and intranet via transmission of distinct kind of messages.
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Bandwidth: The measurement of information that is shared among two points in
formulated amount of time is referred to as bandwidth. This is generally represented in terms of
bits, kilobits, megabits or gigabits per second. Here, bandwidth is shared in between devices that
are connected within the same network. This means that information that is being shared in
between network such as streaming video content and downloading larger amount of bandwidth
will lead to slow down connections for different devices on network. This pertains to certain data
transferring devices and in this case they are input output devices (Alshamsi and Diabat, 2015).
An instance can be taken like fast disk drive will be hampered via a bus that has low bandwidth.
In telecommunication bandwidth implies range that is liable for carrying signal with distinct
band of frequencies. Such kind of bandwidth is measured in terms of Hertz (Hz). This is
computed by verdict difference among lower as well as upper frequency limits within the
system. It is crucial to note that distinct kind of signals like picture, music, voice and many other
aspects involve different bandwidths. Basically, this is measured like a amount of information
which is transferred from one point to other in network within peculiar frame of time. It is
transmission capacity that is being possessed by connection and is crucial factor while
identification of quality along with internet connection or speed of network.
Telecommunication networks: The group of nodes are connected via links that are
utilised for exchanging messages among nodes is defined as telecommunication network. The
links makes use of wide range of technologies that are dependent on methodologies of message
switching, packet or circuit switching for passing signals along with messages.
Illustration 1: Telecommunication Network
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For each communication or transmission of messages, various nodes cooperate with one other
for passing message from originating to destination node through multiple network hops.
Basically, they are transmission system that enables information that can be transmitted via
digital or analogue form through unlike sites such as optical or electromagnetic signals. Typical
examples related with telecommunication network involve mobile network, telephone landline,
cable TV or internet. The transmission links are liable for connecting nodes with each other.
Each terminal possesses distinct address which enables to route the message to appropriate
recipients (Demuth and et. al, 2014). The addresses that have been in the network is referred to
as address space. Each telecommunication network have three aspects, they are: data plane (is
liable for carrying users’ traffic i.e. actual payload), control plane (have control information that
is known as signalling) and management plane (caries administration and operations for traffic
that is needed for network management).
Network impairments: The deficiency that leads to create pessimistic influence on the
service quality as well as user experience is referred to as network impairments. This put
network performance at risk and therefore jeopardizes aspects related with operations of the
organisation. Conversational applications like VoIP (voice over IP) along with SANS (storage
area network) that are sensitive to time that is being taken up by packets for transiting network,
in terms of time and way in which packets are lost, reordered, corrupted or duplicated.
Illustration 2: Network Impairment
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For dealing with such kind of issues within the network, it is important that network
impairment software are utilised via organisation (Duffy, Cave and Worthington, 2016). For an
instance, NetImpair is network emulator software that will lead to generate impairments over
IPv4 or IPv6 IP networks like delay, latency, loss, replication of packets and bandwidth
limitation. This enables to disturb flow on IP network that will aid within studying behaviour of
devices, services or applications within distributed network environment. The kinds of
impairments that can be supported by NetImpair are illustrated above so in case if any
imperfections occur then they can be handled in n appropriate manner.
Part 2: History of telecommunication
In 1870, the electric telephone was invented depending on multi signal telegraphs and
this was first telephone services which were set in US and England. Since 1927, connections
were established by making use of radio but no cable connection was there. In the year 1956, 36
telephone circuits were inaugurated by TAT-1. The wireless telephone was brought in 1880 that
made use of modulated light beams that were projected via photophones and for the first time
fiber-optic communication took place. In year 1894, the concept of radio waves was identified
within telecommunication and wireless telegraphy was carried out by making its use. In 1900 the
human voice was transmitted wirelessly (Kim, 2014). The semiconductor junctions were utilised
for detecting radio waves and this was carried out when high frequency of near about 60 GHz
was attained within the experiments conducted by physicist from 1894-1896. In the year, 1924
research was carried out on electronic television and in 1926 CRT television was launched that
emit thermal electrons as well as had 40-line resolution. In 1950 semiconductor devices were
used within telecommunication technology and transistors were developed. After this, video
telephony came that was developed in parallel to voice telephone systems from middle of 20th
century.
In 1940, the problems were transmitted by making use of teletype within their complex
number calculator and computed outcomes were attained. The configuration of mainframe or
centralised computers that had remote dumb terminals and furthers the research was carried out
on packet switching through which chunks can be shared among different systems without
passing this from centralised mainframe. The ARPANET was brought in 1981 that comprised of
different 213 nodes. This was important as then it merges with networks for formulation of
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internet and different protocols were dependent on this, The TCP/IP then UDP (user datagram
protocol), SMTP was brought in different years which made it possible to have hyperlinked
internet in 1996. In the year VoIP internet telephony came, since then the telecommunication is
evolving and by identification of needs research is being carried out in order to accomplish all
the requirements in an appropriate manner by taking into consideration all the aspects (Larsen
and Urry, 2016).
Task 2
Task 2.1
Network design for telecommunication upgrade
The planning for execution of computer network infrastructure is referred to as network
design. This involves evaluation, understanding along with scoping network that have to be
executed. Basically, it provides a blueprint for physically execution of the plans that are
formulated for network. The Island of San Antonio is growing but there is lack of
telecommunication infrastructure in context of speed and viable broadband which hinder the
process of development. With reference to this, WAN technologies can be utilised for
satisfaction of business needs. Internet service providers will be making use of different WAN
for connecting loops with enterprise edge (Mulder and Dekker, 2014). This involves different
speed, cost and technology. This implies that issue that is being faced by population of Island of
San Antonio will be solved that is speed due to which they are not able to grow. In this case,
WAN service providers will attain data from clients and this will be forwarded to remote sites for
making sure that recipient receives this. As two towns are concerned and population is also large,
it becomes important that different internet service providers are linked through which
information can be sent to ISP and then to person. The leased lines can be connected for having
point-to-point link for establishing WAN interactions path from provider network to customer.
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Illustration 3: Network Diagram
Task 2.2
i. Impact of digital technologies
The major influence that is created by evolution of digital technologies is that with
enhancement of technology, the limitations of existent networks are resolved. For an example,
LAN is used for having interaction within a restricted distance but the purpose was not fulfilled
thus there was a need for a new network through which they can be addressed. As changes were
needed so with MAN the restriction of minimum area coverage was resolved but the network
designs have to be altered so that different organisations or customers can have interaction.
WAN came o have interaction worldwide, this means that when technology evolved then there
was need to change the devices that were used for building up network. For an instance wireless
router will serve purpose to provide communication (Simmons, 2014). Thus, the devices that are
used have to be changed with advent of the technology so that the benefits given by them can be
utilised but this can be very expensive.
ii. Identification and comparison between wireless transmission technologies
It is specified below:
Basis Z-Wave BLE Bluetooth ZigBee
Standardisation Proprietary IEEE 802.15.1 IEEE 802.15.1 IEEE 802.15.4
Range 30 50 100, 10, 1 10-100
Frequency 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 915, 868 MHz, 2.4
GHz
Data rate 100, 40,9.6 KB/s 1 MB/s 1, 2, 3 MB/s 20, 40, 250 KB/s
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Throughput -- 305 KB/s 0.7-2.1 MB/s 10-115.2 KB/s
Multiplexing FHSS TDMA FHSS DSSS
Topology Mesh, Star P2P, Star Scatternet, P2P Star, tree, mesh
Security algorithm AES 128 AES-128 E3, E22, E1, E21,
E0, 56-128 BIT
AES 128
iii. Evaluate design technologies
The technologies that have been used within the design are specified beneath:
Leased lines: They are dedicated channels for having communication that provides
interconnection among two or more sites. The Island will be able to have high security, cost
efficiency, HD videos can be shared, and low latency and high speed can be attained via this.
Wireless technology: It enables users for communicating over medium without any
signal interference because of electromagnetic signals and spectrum. This allows making calls,
connect with different devices, access internet, and speed along with enhanced security.
DSL: It is modem technology that makes use of existent telephone lines for transporting
high-bandwidth data like video and multimedia to service providers (Afraz and Ruffini, 2019).
Digital subscriber line provides high speed, phone line & internet can be used simultaneously,
depending upon prices speeds can be purchased and it is cheaper as compared to cabled
connections.
ISDN: Integrated service digital network implies circuit switched network system that is
liable for transmitting voice as well as data over digital line. This will enable, three way calling,
voicemails, caller ID, forwarding and many more.
Satellite: This will enable to have communication between two towns by connecting
them remotely, sensor networks can be used, sustainable cities can be developed, transformation
of transportation infrastructure, facilitating online services, etc. The high speed and remote
access will act as an asset.
Conclusion
From above, it can be concluded that telecommunication technology have provided an
ease for having communication irrespective of distance that prevails among different entities.
There are different technologies that are being used for doing so and they are evolving
continuously to eliminate the restrictions that are present within the previous version.
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References
Books and Journals
Afraz, N. and Ruffini, M., 2019, December. A distributed bilateral resource market mechanism
for future telecommunications networks. In 2019 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC
Wkshps) (pp. 1-6). IEEE
Alem, D., Clark, A. and Moreno, A., 2016. Stochastic network models for logistics planning in
disaster relief. European Journal of Operational Research. 255(1). pp.187-206.
Alshamsi, A. and Diabat, A., 2015. A reverse logistics network design. Journal of
Manufacturing Systems, 37, pp.589-598.
Demuth, H. B. and et. al, 2014. Neural network design. Martin Hagan.
Duffy, F., Cave, C. and Worthington, J. eds., 2016. Planning office space. Elsevier.
Kim, S. ed., 2014. Game theory applications in network design. IGI Global.
Larsen, J. and Urry, J., 2016. Mobilities, networks, geographies. Routledge.
Mulder, J. and Dekker, R., 2014. Methods for strategic liner shipping network design. European
Journal of Operational Research, 235(2), pp.367-377.
Simmons, J. M., 2014. Optical network design and planning. Springer.
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