Telecommunication Technologies Report: Digital and Wireless Evolution

This report provides a comprehensive overview of telecommunication technologies. It begins with an introduction to telecommunication, tracing its history and development stages, including optical telegraphy, the evolution from radio to television, the emergence of the internet, and the history of mobile phones. The report then delves into basic concepts such as communication channels, networks, and services. A key section compares analogue and digital communication, justifying the shift towards digital technologies and exploring ADSL and WDM technologies. The analysis extends to the telecommunication sector's key industries, business strategies of UK service providers, and product development trends. Finally, the report examines modern wireless technologies and mobile network evaluations, concluding with an assessment of the industry's current state and future prospects. The report provides a thorough examination of both the historical context and the present-day landscape of telecommunications.

Telecommunication
Technologies

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1: Introduction of telecommunication .................................................................................1
1. History and development stages of telecommunication .........................................................1
1.2 Optical telegraphy ...........................................................................................................2
1.3 Development from radio to television .............................................................................2
1.4 Emergence of internet ......................................................................................................2
1.5 History of mobile phones ................................................................................................3
1.6 Growth of internet ...........................................................................................................3
2. Basic concepts of telecommunication ....................................................................................3
2.1 Communication channel ..................................................................................................3
2.2 Communication network .................................................................................................4
2.3 Communication services .................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
1. Comparison between analogue and digital communication and rationale for using digital
technology based telecommunication services ..........................................................................5
1. Comparison.........................................................................................................................5
2. Rationale for modern communication ...............................................................................5
2. ADSL technology and its applications ...................................................................................6
3. WDM technology and analysis of its applications .................................................................6
4. Backbone optical network and rationale for digital carrier systems ......................................7
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................7
1. Key industries within telecommunication sector ...................................................................7
1. Analysis of major industries of telecommunication sector ...............................................7
2. Evaluation of business strategies of some UK service providers ......................................8
2. Product development within telecommunication sector ........................................................9
1. Telecommunication sector key ..........................................................................................9
2. Development trends ...........................................................................................................9
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................9
1.Modern wireless technology ...................................................................................................9

2. Mobile network evaluation ..................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Telecommunication is a modern technology in the business development process that
help for increasing the performance and efficiency in enterprises environment. This technology
will help for connect with the one person to another with the help of network devices
(Andreadou, Guardiola and Fulli, 2016). This report will discuss about the communication
concepts and network components, network technology etc. This assignment will discuss about
the history of telecommunication and analyse the development principles. Furthermore, this
report will describe the impact of digital technology on the telecommunication network and also
discuss about the mobile communication or how they impact on the business process and society.
TASK 1: Introduction of telecommunication
1. History and development stages of telecommunication
Telecommunication is main part of organization and individual to use the new technology
for increasing the business process all over the world. It is also useful for sharing the information
from one place to another. An early ages, many industries is used the smoke signals and other
drums in the form of telecommunication. In this way, it also transmitting the data packet from
one network to another. Nowadays, many industry uses the electromagnetic wave and other
electronic transmitter that help for connect from other people.
It will be established the connection between two networks with the help of television,
telephones and radio that allows travelling the signals or messages (Mehdi Khosrow‐Pour and
Nancy, 2012). According to survey, it can be analysis that the first inventor of
telecommunication is Alexander Graham bell which discovered the first telecommunication
devices such as telephones etc.
Afterwards, All the telecommunication industry use this concept to increase the revenue
and growth of business. In 2006, The industry will increase the revenue at $1.3 trillion and rises.
In 1849, Antonio invents the devices that help for transmitting the electronically signals with the
help of phones where the people can used their voice to send the message from another person.
In this way, telecommunication companies has been build their business and empires in the
global world.
For Example- Amazons and other Wal Mart are the best example because these
organizations are used the telecommunication network to communicate with the customer
because this concept will allow for employee to connect with the customers and solve their
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problem related the product and services. All the employee remain as main part of business to
target the consumer with the help of telecommunication mediums (Jerbashian and Kochanova,
2017).
1.2 Optical telegraphy
Earlier Semaphore were used for quick conversion of the data. In this device the basic
principle of optical communication was used and thus it laid the foundation of principle in
further inventions. Initially the telegraph was manually used by army correspondence which later
become common for the broadcasting purpose. In the initial years of development it was capable
to be used within range of 10 to 30 kilometres only (Andreadou, Guardiola and Fulli, 2016).
After the successful operation of this technology in France Samuel Morse used scripture
numbers and later several inventions were made until the evolution of television and radio.
1.3 Development from radio to television
In 1832 wireless telegraph was used by James Lindsay. Later for transmission up to three
kilometres water was used as transmission medium . This event was followed by the invention of
radio by Gugliemlmo Marconi in 1901. In order to develop television huge efforts were put by
the engineers. With motive of bringing profits by changing concept of visualization and sound
concept or television gained huge response all over the world. The moving pictures were
displayed first in London by Mr. John Baird which makes television to enter into every house.
1.4 Emergence of internet
ARPANET is known as the basic computer network which laid the foundation of the
modern day internet. After 40 years of this basic network internet was evolved when ARPANET
was merged with several other smaller networks. Their merger included the implementation of
TCP/IP protocol and encourages the development of more communication protocols. Later in
1980 hypertext documents were linked with the information system which were accessible from
remote network nodes (Brown and Mickelson, 2018). It is known as present day world wide
web.
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1.5 History of mobile phones
The first mobile phone Motorola DynaTAC 800x was produced in 1983. Later several
wireless phones were tested and during second world war radio telephony links were developed.
In the later years Europe developed its won radio network for mobiles. After the mid 20 century
cellular networks began to replace radio technology. With the years of efforts engineers were
successful in introducing 1G technology. Due to security concerns of data further advancements
were made and 2G, 3G technology was embraced with the mobile phones. The need of data
optimization further helped to evolve 4G network technologies in mobile phones.
1.6 Growth of internet
The transmission networks consist of joints and hubs and other network components
which empowers the communication between different terminals. The development of
networking devices such as hubs, switches, routers and bridges helped internet to grow to its
current form.
2. Basic concepts of telecommunication
Communication technology is an essential for business process to expand their branches
all over the world. This will help for increasing the efficiency and performance to transmitted the
signals from one place to another (A.Michael, 2018). There are some important concepts that
applicable in the communication medium to maintain their speed and frequency in proper
manner.
2.1 Communication channel
It is defined as the path or the medium which is used for transmitting the data between
two points or networking nodes. The communication channels can be internal as well as external
which refers to communication between interior and exterior of the organisation respectively.
These communication methods involves emails, calls as well as personal discussion. The
communication channel can be simplex or duplex. In simplex channel there is only one way
communication while in half duplex receiver can also communicate but only in the response of
received information. Contrary to this in full duplex channel information can be easily
transmitted from both sides of the network.
Bandwidth-
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it is the capacity of wireless and wired network that help for the purpose of
communication that link with the maximum amount of data from one point to another
(Jerbashian and Kochanova, 2017). In this computer system, it can be provide the computer
network and internet connection that perform different task in proper manner. Each and every
communication network has some specified capacity of data transfer rate. Bandwidth is the most
essential part of communication that design as equipment for transmitting the signals. It is also
based on the real estate space and contain large amount of data and sending to another network.
Bandwidth is related to the frequency in the network communication where how they have
frequency to manage the signals in effective manner.
2.2 Communication network
A telecommunication network is usually the collection of different types of nodes that
links between each other. It also enables in the telecommunication among the different terminals.
Each and every links are connected with the nodes to transmit the signals from one place to
another (Behrouz and et.al., 2017). Each terminal has unique address that provide the privacy
and message transmitted from correct recipients. According to the case study, telecommunication
is basically used for the transmitted the signals from long distance by using electromagnetic
waves. Telecommunication is system which based on the telephone network such as radio
broadcasting system where San Antonio is used for providing the benefit related the long
telephones networks.
2.3 Communication services
Different applications within organisation are supported by variety of communication
services. Prior to the invention of web services or computer system voice or telecommunication
was the key service used by the organisations (Nekrasova, Leventsov and Axionova, 2016).
However with the advancements in internet and mobile technology cellular and voice over
internet communication are also quite popular.
Network impairment-
It is a type of simulator that perform different task to calculate the efficiency in the
communication medium. This is the simple process to add the real time traffic impairment in the
internet protocol domain which is used as network platform such as packet expert etc. this
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simulator is testing the entire performance of system on the basis of realistic network conditions.
There are different devices used for maintain the data packet in the proper manner. It is a
specified characteristic such as voice, data and image quality functions to synchronized in the
proper manner. It also helps for detecting the errors in the network system.
TASK 2
1. Comparison between analogue and digital communication and rationale for using digital
technology based telecommunication services
1. Comparison
Before the advent of modern digital technologies analogue communication was popular
method. In digital transmission instead of continuous wave form discrete signals are used which
have either high or low value. On the other hand in analogue methods continuous waveforms
with varying phase and frequency are used. The analogue system has several limitations such as
high error rate and lower bandwidth which makes digital technology more preferable. The
comparison between both types of communication is as follows:
Attribute Analogue Digital
Noise immunity Low High
Cost Low and is easily
portable
High and does not have portable
nature.
Power consumption High Low
Bandwidth Low High
2. Rationale for modern communication
Digital technology is the fastest growing field that useful in the business process and
telecommunication to share the data from one node to another. This technology is beneficial for
telecommunication to easily connect with the customers and identify their need and requirement.
This will be change the entire principles of telecommunication with the help of technology
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because it can be performed the activities to emerge the various application such as computing
platforms etc (Umesh, 2017). This will help for remove all the barriers and distraction in the
network system.
Telecommunication industry is increasing the business and also reshape their enterprises on the
basis of digitalization.
 This technology will help for telecommunication network to increase the efficiency and
performance of network in effective ways.
 This will help for engage with the consumers with the different types of channel at the
time of business development. In this way, customer increasing to visit the store and
purchased the product with the help of online mode.
Digital technology cannot be threats but it offers various type of opportunity to the
telecommunication industry to build their position in marketplace. It will create innovative ideas
that implement in the business growth and development (Iyer, Patil and Chetlapalli, 2015).
2. ADSL technology and its applications
Asymmetric digital subscriber line technology (ADSL) is used for the transmission of
digital information on existing telephony lines with high bandwidth. It provides the transmission
rate at very high speed by using access pathways. The this technique uses the current lines an
thus is effective in terms of cost and implementation. Thus users can communicate on phone and
can use internet simultaneously at high speed (Andreadou, Guardiola and Fulli, 2016). However
it is not possible to implement in every region and uploading is slower. It is mainly used for
providing broadband connections to users. It is used for fast data transmission with large pool of
data flow.
3. WDM technology and analysis of its applications
Wavelength division multiplex (WDM ) is used for communication system with high
dimensions. It has multiple frequencies which are assigned through a fibre which are later on
spatially distributed in various receiver sites. Thus a single bandwidth can be used to transmit the
multiple number of signals through a single channel or optical fibre. The key advantage of this
technology is that it enhances ensures the complete duplex transmission which is highly reliable
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and has large capacity of the range giga bits per second. One of the limitation of this technology
is that it may required demodulator for avoiding interferences between the two waves.
4. Backbone optical network and rationale for digital carrier systems
Digital carrier system:
These systems transmit signals from multiple sources by using a single channel. For this
purpose bandwidth is allocated by using time or frequency based multiplexing. This type of
carrier systems are preferred and used due to following reasons:
 For enhancing the transmission capacity of data.
 For increasing the data transmission speed and to assure high performance between
network links.
 It is capable for long distance information exchange and to allow synchronous TDM
infrastructure. It is highly efficient in the applications which requires high noise immunity.
Backbone optical network:
It can be defined as the network which provides interconnection between diverse bit
strings so that data can be transmitted between various sub-networks. Within this network
multiple systems are integrated as a parallel structure. Thus their capacity is higher as compare to
copper or optical based fibres (Nekrasova, Leventsov and Axionova, 2016).
TASK 3
1. Key industries within telecommunication sector
A huge range of network and communication service providers provide services to their
customers to access internet and web services by using innovative communication tools. Thus it
is vital to understand the key industries with telecommunication sector.
1. Analysis of major industries of telecommunication sector
The voice data transmission industries are available in plenty in the field of
telecommunication sector. These industries includes mobile operators and other landline service
providers. Along with these industries the information specialist organisations which manages
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the safe and quick transmission of information over the network are also in great demand. The
selection of good performers in these industries is done on the basis of attributes such as price,
technology portability and the efficiency. The price of the services depends upon contract period
and nature of service. While implementing these technologies users also ensure that the
implemented system are portable to proposed advancements so that cost and performance
efficiency can be sustained over time.
2. Evaluation of business strategies of some UK service providers
Mobile communication is the best technique that help for connecting from one people to
another. This technology will help for exchanging the message through voice, images and files.
Nowadays, there are many people use the mobile phones to communicate with another people.
This technology is transforming the economic in every years(Teerachai, 2014). This technology
is improved the business domain and business communication.
 Mobile communication is improved the customer experience
 It also uses for enhancing the collaboration with the colleagues.
This technology is increasingly all over the world and help for immensely in the accessibility.
In UK British telecommunication, virgin media, vodaphone and O2, are one of the most
successful and huge service providers
British telecom (BT):
It is known to have credit for bringing primary communication network. It provides
services such as Wi-Fi, broadband, mobile phone services and digital television. Since the
organisation has established the basic network infrastructure in UK other telephonic service
providers are require to seek permission from the company to rent or buy a line. It ensures that
signal strength is high and interferences are minimum so that consumers are provided with high
quality services. Due to good will, trustworthy and quality services despite of unreliable prices
the operator is first priority of many users.
Virgin media:
Along with mobile services organisation also deliver the broadband connections to users.
Mainly the organisation provides optical fibre based connections and deals in providing web,
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phone, Tv And PDA utilities. Unlike BT it does not have its own network infrastructure so it
employs EE network. As a result it does not require expensive funding for establishing mobile
networks. The efficient fibre optical based services and use of good promotional strategies has
helped organisation to become well known and successful organisation in UK.
2. Product development within telecommunication sector
1. Telecommunication sector key
The occurrence of 4G networks and proposed 5G systems has brought significant
improvements in speed and correspondence nature. Increasing demand of 5G era has encouraged
service providers to support such systems. The vehicles and devices which are automated by
telecommunication devices and services are the topic for discussion.
2. Development trends
There are several advancements proposed which can bring huge improvements in media
interaction. The development trends can be analysed in the following aspects:
Broadband connection: Digital subscriber line, fibres and broadband over electrical line are the
major advancements in broadband connections (Iyer, Patil and Chetlapalli, 2015). Different users
or groups are provided different broadband packages according to the availability and
requirement.
TASK 4
1.Modern wireless technology
Wired and wireless technologies are medium to transmit the signals from one node to
another by using communication medium.
Wireless technology is the best technique which helps for improve the data transmission
in the application of various industries and business. This technique is distributed the automation
for improving the smart grid (Umesh, 2017). Telecommunication industry used the data radios
and offers the reliable data transmission to the customers. For Example- Data radio offers utility
based solution to distribute the automation requirement for the purpose of transmission.
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Cellphones and satellite technologies are based on the public system that controlled by the owner
of industries. It will track all the communication between the customers.
Advantage of wireless Technology-
 Wireless technology is the important for business that help for employee to remote access
at anywhere. It also checks the operations and function of computer system by using the
wireless technology.
 It is collecting all the data from the network and provide the sensors to achieve their goals
and objectives. It also measures the progress and use of optimization on the available
assets.
Wired communication technology is based on the data transmission with the help of wires. This
technology is used the wired to send the data from one node to another. It is higher latency and
lower reliability(Teerachai, 2014). This technology is the most suitable and stable services that
used in the business process because it has higher speed and strength to easily manage their
entire data transmission in effective manner. For example- telephone network is wired
technology that used for transmit the data by using cables, fiber-optics etc.
Advantages of wired technology-
 This network can be connected by the physical medium such as cable from one device to
another. It provides the security and privacy in the network system.
Wired network is reliable where the constant download doesn't affect the environment of
network system. The most commonly used wireless technologies are discussed as below:
Personal area network (PAN): Various technologies such as Bluetooth and WI-FI can be used to
communicate with the other devices. Though 4G networks are fast and reliable but they are
limited by the cost factor (Brown and Mickelson, 2018). On the other hand Bluetooth technology
suffers from the limitation of security and operational range. Thus in this context satellite can be
considered as the cheap and moderate option but there is trade off with bandwidth and latency.
Local area network (LAN): The use of WI-FI is more suitable in local area network and is
considered as more secure option.
Wide area network (WAN): Satellite technology is more effective for the WAN.
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Satellite technology: For many business applications WAN is more affordable as compare to
wired connections. It consist of uplink and a transponder so that larger portions of the earth can
be covered (Andreadou, Guardiola and Fulli, 2016).
2. Mobile network evaluation
Network components and technologies
Network components and technologies are important for exchange the data and signals from the
small and large information system. It is generally used in the educations and business process to
established connection between two networks by using network devices (Rober tand et.al.,
2017). There are different types of network components applicable in the telecommunication
medium.
 Hubs- It is the best medium in the communication to create physical connection between
the devices that help for minimize the probability of failure in the hardware system. It is
based on the share bandwidth devices that establish the connectivity is limited half
duplex.
 Switches- Switch is playing important role in the network that help for imrpove the
performance and efficiency as compare to hubs because it is applicable the dedicated
bandwidth in each and every end devices. It will support to the full duplex connectivity
and also increase the rate of each frames.
 Routers- Router is also device that help for analysing the content of data messages and
packed which transmitted within the network. This device will use for determine the
sources and destination of network system (Nekrasova, Leventsov and Axionova, 2016).
It also applicable to transferred form one node to another.
 Network interface card- NIC is a type of adapter in the devices that integrated with the
computer system and also connects to the each devices of entire network. It is separate
card that usually installed in the hardware system to connect with the network. This is
typically chips and port which situated in the part of motherboard of hardware system. Bridges- It is connected with the roads of separate side of network that create bridge to
transfer the data packets from one node to another. It is connected to the physical network
segments. Each and every bridge contain the unique MAC address attached with the
every interfaces. It cannot be find the target address on the one side but only forwards the
signals to their destination without data loss.
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Traffic handling capabilities
Network traffic system is help for managing the traffic signals in the communication
medium in appropriate manner. It can be organized the network and operate the entire signals in
proper manner. Network traffic is a type of process that moving large number of data across the
network from one node to another (Teerachai, 2014). It can be sending the signals in the form of
data packets. Network traffic is the main part that help for measuring the entire traffic, control
and simulate. Many organizations use the proper network traffic that used for ensuring the best
quality of service in the entire network. There are different types of devices applicable in the
network to handle the performance of traffic and also categories into different parts.
Heavy traffic- It is consumed the high bandwidth during the signals traffic.
Non- real time traffic- It can be consumed the bandwidth at the time of working hours.
Latency sensitive traffic- It is based on the competition for bandwidth and generated the poor
results and response (Brown and Mickelson, 2018).
These are different types of traffic generated in the network that analysis the entire traffic in
proper manner.
CONCLUSION
As per discussion, it concluded that telecommunication technology is beneficial for
organization that help for the purpose of communication between the customers and
organizations. It is also useful for sharing the information from one network to another by using
different mediums. In this report, it also describes the communication concepts and network
components, network technology etc. This assignment discuss about the history of
telecommunication and analyse the development principles. It summarized the impact of digital
technology on the telecommunication network and also discuss about the mobile communication
or how they impact on the business process and society.
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REFERENCE
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Mehdi Khosrow‐Pour and Nancy Herman, 2012. "Critical issues of Web‐enabled technologies in
modern organizations", , Vol. 19 Issue: 4, pp.208-220
Robert F. Bruner, Michael J. Innes and et.al., 2017. "American Telephone & Telegraph
(AT&T): The AT&T/McCaw Merger Negotiation".
Teerachai Arunruangsirilert, 2014. "Reporting and evaluation in a data communication firm".
Umesh Sharma, 2017."Renewal of Fijian post and telecommunications: challenging the
organizational change option”.
Andreadou, N., Guardiola, M. and Fulli, G., 2016. Telecommunication technologies for smart
grid projects with focus on smart metering applications. Energies, 9(5), p.375.
Jerbashian, V. and Kochanova, A., 2017. The impact of telecommunication technologies on
competition in services and goods markets: Empirical evidence. The Scandinavian
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Brown, S. and Mickelson, A., 2018. A Decision Framework for Choosing Telecommunication
Technologies in Limited-Resource Settings. Future Internet, 10(1), p.8.
Nekrasova, T., Leventsov, V. and Axionova, E., 2016. Evaluating the efficiency of investments
in mobile telecommunication systems development. In Internet of Things, Smart Spaces,
and Next Generation Networks and Systems (pp. 741-751). Springer, Cham.
Katz, J.E., 2017. Public Performance of Mobile Telecommunication. In Magic in the Air (pp. 65-
78). Routledge.
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Iyer, C.S., Patil, S. and Chetlapalli, V., 2015. Customer Acceptance of Telecommunication
Technologies during Pre-Launch Stage. Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(S4),
pp.23-26.
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