Telecommunication System Analysis: Reliability, Availability & NBN

This assignment solution covers key aspects of telecommunication systems, focusing on reliability and availability, including calculations for MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) and MTTR (Mean Time To Repair). It delves into the reliability of a parallel system with active redundant generators, analyzes the reliability function, and calculates failure rates. The solution also explores NBN (National Broadband Network) technologies such as FTTP (Fiber to the Premises), FTTB (Fiber to the Building), HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial), and Fixed Wireless, detailing their configurations and applications. Additionally, the assignment addresses challenges like limited calling capacity and spectrum issues, along with essential functions such as supervision, signaling, routing, and alerting in telecommunications. The document concludes with a bibliography referencing relevant literature on reliability modeling and telecommunications engineering.

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TELECOMMUNICATION
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

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Question 1
a). Active redundant generator pair in the diagram below
Obtaining the reliability of the overall system RS
The value of M here is 1
Pf= ∏
1
N
(1−R). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
And since
Rs= 1-Pf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Rs= 1- ∏
1
N
(1−Ri )
And when Ri are equal as in this case then R will be
Rs= 1 – (1-Ri) N
b).
a) If the reliability of component I at time t is Ri(t)=e-λit, what is the reliability function of
the overall system at time t?

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c).

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d)
The probability of the system failure at a particular time ( t1,t2) can be expressed in terms of
reliability function as below
But in terms of failure distribution function it is given as below;

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The failure did not occur in the interval since the failure did not occur in prior to t1, Therefore
the failure rate is defined by the following
e). MTBF which stands for MEAN OPERATING TIME BETWEEN FAILURE is obtained
using the below equation.
MTBF= 1
λ
Question 2
a).
Ax= MTBF x
( MTBF x + MTTR x)
Where,

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MTBFx is Mean Time Between Failures for entity x
MTTRx is Mean Time To Repair for entity x
Ax is the Availability of entity x
MTBF (mean time between failures): 100,000 hours
MTTR (mean time to repair): 2 hours (equipment only)
b).
c)
the availability of the system required by the bank can be increased by increasing the Mean Time
Between Failures for the entity and reducing Mean Time To Repair for an entity which will then
result to an overall increase of the Availability of entity [1].

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d).
the reliability of the one radio terminal at the end of its life = (1-
Percentage availability
100 )× time in hours
= (1- 99.99
100 )× 7884000
= 0.0001 × 7884000
=788.4
Question 3
The below are some of the NBN technology
Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
Fiber optic cable supplies internet and phone to our business and home always use [2]:
 an NBN Utility Box attached outside our premises.
 a power supply
 an NBN Connection Box in our premises;
This technology can be illustrated by the following diagram;

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Fiber to the Building (FTTB)
Fiber optic cable runs to our building, then present copper cables within our building run to
apartment or unit [3]. There is no internal NBN equipment and this can be illustrated by the
following diagram.
Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC)
Fiber optic cable runs to a fiber node in the street, then coaxial cables run to the home or
business and this appears as below
 an HFC Utility Box put outside the premises;
 a coaxial wall socket in the premises;

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 a splitter (this is not always),
 an NBN Connection Box
When one is in an HFC location and he wants several providers for his phone and/or internet
services, then he will need to have a distinct connection installed for each service and this can be
illustrated by the following [4].
Fixed Wireless (FW)
A local NBN Static Wireless tower sends a signal to a fixed antenna which is attached outside
the premises, then inner wiring runs to the NBN Connection Box inside [4].
For Static Wireless, an NBN co technician have to do a test to realize the property is capable of
receiving a satisfactory signal. If not, then other options will be employed for that matter [5].
 When an individual is in NBN fixed wireless location, it is not a must to switch to the
NBN network.

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Question 5
a).
 Low capacity of calling
 incomplete spectrum
 There is no room for growth of spectrum
 minimal privacy
 insufficient protection of fraud
 poor data communications
b)
• Supervision:
•Detects and reports service requests, acknowledgments and requests to terminate service.
•Signaling:
•Transmits information about lines and trunks and information about other aspects of call
handling to control switching equipment.
•Routing:
•Converts address information to the location of the corresponding call line or to the location of a
trunk on the way to that line.
•Alerting
•Notifies a subscriber of incoming calls

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Bibliography
[1] M. J. Zuo, Optimal Reliability Modeling: Principles and Applications, Hull: Springer, 2012.
[2] Y. Yun, "Advanced Reliability Modeling," Proceedings of the 2004 Asian International Workshop,

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vol. I, no. 13, pp. 100-421, 2013.
[3] P. Epperlein, "Semiconductor Laser Engineering, Reliability and Diagnostics," A Practical Approach
to High Power and Single Mode Devices, vol. II, no. 14, pp. 100-430, 2014.
[4] A. Birolini, Reliability Engineering: Theory and Practice, Hull: Springe, 2017.
[5] E. Ferrari, Maintenance for Industrial Systems, Chicago: CRC, 2014.
[6] D. Schiff, Practical Engineering Statistics, Chicago: Springer, 2012.
[7] T. Ryan, Modern Engineering Statistics, Hull: John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
[8] G. Chakraborty, Distributed Computing, and Internet Technology: Second International Conference,
Leicester: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
[9] A. Birolini, Quality, and Reliability of Technical Systems: Theory - Practice - Management, Hull: CRC,
2014.
[10] J. Crocker, Reliability, Maintenance and Logistic Support: - A Life Cycle Approach, Hawaii: CRC,
2011.