Organisational Behaviour Analysis: Tesco's Culture, Motivation, Power

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour within Tesco, a multinational grocery retailer. It begins by examining the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power dynamics on individual behavior, utilizing Handy's classification of culture to explore power, role, task, and person cultures. The report then evaluates various motivation theories and techniques, including Maslow's Need Hierarchy and Herzberg's Two-Factor theory, to assess their application in achieving business goals. Furthermore, it delves into the characteristics of effective versus ineffective teams, highlighting factors that contribute to team success. Finally, the report applies key philosophies and concepts of organizational behavior to the context of Tesco, offering insights into how these elements shape employee performance and overall organizational effectiveness.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1....................................................................................................................................................5
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on organisational and individual behaviour.................5
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................................7
P2 Evaluation of motivation theories and techniques to attain business goals................................7
TASK 3..................................................................................................................................................10
P3 What makes a team effective as opposed to ineffective team..................................................10
TASK 4..................................................................................................................................................12
P4 Application of philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour.....................................12
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is considered as an important study in which workers
interact with each other with the aim of improving overall performance of the company. It
directly contributes in making overall performance of the company more effective at market
place.( Williams and Grossett, 2011) Along with this, it is also related with the administration
activities which includes predicting, influencing and understanding individual behaviour
which lead in improving productivity of the company and its workers as well. Present report
is based on Tesco, is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise offer quality
products. Report cover power, culture, politics which influence individual behaviour at
workplace. Motivation theories and techniques is also discussed which helps in attaining set
goals and objectives. Along with this, it also includes what makes an effective team within
the organization. At last, different philosophies and concept of organizational behaviour is
also discussed here.
TASK 1
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on organisational and individual behaviour
Power, politics and culture of organization is important for business organization to
understating as well as connecting with employees which helps in decision making process.
This will directly contribute in enhancing overall performance of the company at market
place. In context of organization, power is directly impact on individual performance whether
they use it in positive way or negative way. In addition of this, politics is also directly affect
the person who has power to evaluate that culture of the company is influence the behaviour
of not. Every type of business has their own beliefs and principle which helps in making
effective culture that contribute in influencing workers behaviour at workplace.
ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE:
Organizational culture refer to the values, beliefs and principle of individual who
present in the organization. Mainly, it is a way of interacting and influencing workers to
perform well. This can be undertood by following classification:
Handy’s classification of culture:
It is an effective theory which was given by Charles Handy in 1999. This type of
model define that organizations similar to the nation in which it includes their own values,
expectation, beliefs All these are changed as per time thus it is important for business

organization to effectively modify their culture as per current market trends and needs as
well. This model includes four categories such as:
 Power culture: This type of culture is more important because it focus on few hands
that directly influence entire activities of business organization. In this context, person
who have power is highly responsible for making all the decision within the
organization (Wayne and et. al., 2013). Mainly, this type of people is enjoying
pleasure in business organization. They do not have permission and liberty to share
their ideas and present their views. In addition of this, performance of workers is
measure as well as judge as per their performance. In this, it is important for Tesco to
ensure that power is not giving to a single person but also provide all the workers.
With the assistance of this, manpower of the Tesco can easily attain set goals and
objectives in most effective manner.
 Role culture: Under this business organization includes various rules which is
controlled by every person who perform in company. Under this culture, power can
be evaluated by person position and role in company. As all the task are assigned as
per employee’s skills, knowledge, interest that helps in attaining best results in
appropriate manner. This type of culture provide chance to every person to do their
best which contribute in promoting willingness to employees (Sliter, Sliter and Jex,
2012). Mainly, role culture help business organization and workers in decision
making process that help in reducing the chances of risk. In context of this, Tesco
assign role as per individual skills and abilities of workers so that they can easily
perform well and attain predetermined goals and objectives in allotted time frame. For
example, if roles are effectively assigned as per individual skills and abilities then
they enable in performing best. As it directly contributes in improving overall
performance of the company and team behaviour as well.
 Task culture: It is also an important culture which help in executing a particular
project and task as well. Mainly task culture play vital role in which power is often
shift.In addition of this, team help in executing complex task in effective way because
team includes mix of personalities, leadership skills are working in common group
which help in increasing innovation in order to attain positive and best results. In
context of Tesco, this type of culture helps them in making effective team in which
team workers can easily perform well and solved issues in systematic manner. As

team working help in bringing better coordination among all the workers. It will
contribute in enhancing growth of the company.
 Person culture: Under this culture, person think that they are more superior in
organization. Along with this, workers are more concerned about their pay to attain
growth in the company. If Tesco follow this type of culture then workers are not
loyal within the company and decision as well. As this type of culture negatively
affect on the individual behaviour within the organization (Lu, 2014).
From all these culture, Tesco should adopt power culture in which workers should be
empowered so that they can easily perform their task and attain set goals and objectives. This
will directly contribute in improving satisfaction level of the workers within the organization.
Politics:
It is important which influence individual behaviour at workplace in negative and
positive way. In this, if people have ability to direct politics are productive for company and
workers as well. Thus, it is important for Tesco to develop appropriate political culture so
that employees can easily understand. By this employee can easily perform their duties to
attain set goals and objectives. Politics may influence workers and organization in negative
and positive way beacuse some time politics are demotivate worjers who are perfom well. In
context of this the positive impact of politics is improve the effeciency level of the Tecso by
motivating and influencingworkerts towards the alloted task. On the other side, if one person
has ability tio perfom well but politics may demotivated because another workers who are not
able to perfom their task get more rewards and motivation. The main reason behind this
snegative politics among workers.
Power:
It is important for Tesco to ensure that power is provide to all the workers. It
influences workers behaviour within the organization. Along with this, decision is also take
by those individuals who has power at workplace to give order (Hülsheger and et. al., 2013).
It also negatively affects the overall performance of the workers because power can dominate
individuals. This will reduce the profitability level of the company at market place. In this
context there are ome type of power which impact on the organization and insdividual
nehaviour. All these are as follows:

 Coercive Power: This type of power is lest effective but most employed beacuse it
forcing workers to do somthing aginst (Types of Power for Leaders, 2015). As it
negatively impact on individual behaviour and organization as well.
 Reward Power: It is one of the effective power in which workers get motivated to get
rewards as per their performance. If indiidual get appropriate rewards on the basis of
their perfomamnce than they can easily motivated towards the alloted task.
 Legitimate Power: This type of power is relate with the position and role. In this
individual have power than they take decision. Along with this, individual have also
aility to persude and convince other operson who is weak in task performing.
 Expert Power: It is highly related with informational power when an individual have
indepth knowledge and information in particular area. This type of power is more
effective for Tesco to build trust and respect at workplace. As it directly influence
individual and organization as well.
Both are directly affect the entire performance of the company and its workers as
well. Thus, it can be stated that power, policies and culture influence individual behaviour in
Tesco. Thus, it is important for company manager to ensure that power is effectively and
equally delegated so that workers can easily perform their best.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluation of motivation theories and techniques to attain business goals
In an organisation motivation plays a very crucial role as it encourage individual in
performing their activities so that pre-determine targets can be achieved. Motivation works as
an inner urge that push for doing any action. Therefore, if an organisation wants to be
successful in business then motivation is the key factor (Hoon Song and et. al., 2012). Thus,
it is prime responsibility of managers of TESCO, that they encourage employees on a regular
basis so that entire activities are done in an effective manner. Along with this, superiors must
also know about the needs and requirements of employees so that it can be fulfilled.
Furthermore, managers of TESCO can apply different theories of motivation and these are
stated below:
Content motivation theory: This theory generally focuses on the basic requirements
of an individual. Content motivation theory, with the change in course of time provides with

an idea about the changing needs and wants of an individual. Theories that come under this
are given below for better understanding:
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory:
This theory was given by Abraham Maslow in the year around 1943 and this consist
of five various kinds of stages which are considered as basic needs and these are
Physiological Needs: In this all the basic requirements that are needed by an
individual are included such as food, water and shelter. Thus, if TESCO wants to retain and
encourage its employers for a long period of time than company must give set minimum
wages so that all the requirements can be fulfilled.
Safety and security needs: For an individual, safety of own and family members is a
prior concern so they look out for the jobs which can give them all these facilities. Basic
safety needs incorporate factors like accidents, illness, financial and personal security etc.,
Therefore, TESCO should give appropriate training to its employees so that they can enable
themselves in handling machines and equipment’s safely.
Belongingness Needs: It comes the fulfilment of physiological and safety needs.
As every indivuidual wants to share their vioews and thoughts to get motivated and stress
free in which this type of needs are more important. . Thus, TESCO should make sure that a
proper and good relationship is maintained amongst employees. (Hoever and et. al., 2012).
As a result, this will encourage them in doing their activities in such a way that all objectives
are fulfilled in a speculated time frame.
Esteem Needs: This stage is concern about the person’s wants from company or any
other thing in exchange of dedication an employee show towards any action. For example:
achievements, independence, desire for respect etc., In terms of TESCO, it is important that
they enhance and empower their workforce so that employees can achieve goals and
objectives under time frame.
Self—actualisation Needs: This is the final stage under which a person tries to know
about his/her own potential. Thus, in relation with this, TESCO must give opportunities to
employees so that they can enhance their potential and personal development. As a result, it
will prepare an individual for future activities.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory:

This theory was anticipated by Fredrick in the year around 1959 and at that time he
stated about two factors of motivation and these are hygiene and motivation factor that exist
within the working environment and further helps in encouraging a person regarding the
cause of satisfaction and dissatisfaction towards work (Hammer and et. al., 2011). Thus, both
these factors are stated below:
Hygiene Factor: In this, factors such as working environment, safety & security and
other related benefits are included. Thus, if these needs and requirements are not fulfilled
than, this may lead to dissatisfaction towards an activity or job.
Motivation Factor: In an organisation if a person is working than he/she develops a
sense of achievement that they might get recognition or can gain growth opportunities etc.,
Therefore, in order to motivate employees there is a need that TESCO, on a regular basis
motivate and encourage its employees so that success can be achieved (Ali, 2010).
Process Motivation theory: This theory focuses on identifying the factor about why
and how motivation occurs and this incorporates certain theories & these are explained
below:
Reinforcement Theory:
This theory explains that behaviour of a person can be changed through punishment
and reinforcement. Therefore, intrinsic nature of an individual is over looked in this.
Positive reinforcement: When a person show better result and outcomes than
company facilitated them with positive response thus, this helps in motivating their behaviour
which results in giving their best efforts in order to accomplish set targets and goals.
Negative reinforcement: This is a negative approach which demotivates an
individual because in this a person is punished for an undesirable activity as a result; it puts a
direct impact on individual’s behaviour. But this cannot be looked as a negative side because
TESCO can apply this enhancing the behaviour of a person which will ultimately assist
company in achieving all the set targets and objectives in a given period of time.
Adam’s Theory of Motivation:
This theory is also known as Equity Theory and this defines about balance of efforts
and outcomes which is put by an individual (Gelfand and et. al., 2012). According to this
theory, a person wants results for the activity he/she in performing and if they don’t get

desired outcomes than this can work as demotivation Therefore, it is important for TESCO
that they maintain a appropriate balance between input and output as it will help in
establishing proper equity within the company.
Henceforth, all the theories that are mentioned above can be applied by the manager
of TESCO so that employees’ motivation can be enhanced in order to get effective results.
These theories will assist them in influencing the behaviour of team members and other co-
workers and this will ultimately improve the performance and productivity of TESCO. Along
with this, providing appropriate rewards will keep employees motivated.
Motivational techniques are play as a vital role in business organization beacuse the workers
are get better motivation and encouragement towards the alloted task. By this they can easily
perform their best and also tries to attain set goals and objectives in appropriate time frame.
The main advntage of adoting motivational techniques, Tesco can easily build strong
workforce which directly ciontribute in enhacing the productivity level of the company and
its employees as well. Motivation can help individual to improve their engagement towards
the company and task as well theoru which they can easily excute their activities and attain
desirable goals.
TASK 3
P3 What makes a team effective as opposed to ineffective team
In this competitive environment every company is establishing its business in order to
gain profits and for this they tend to deliver best quality products and services so that it can
satisfy the needs and wants of customers. In TESCO, managers are playing a crucial role and
for achieving goals and objectives they are forming effective team and in return it is assisting
them in delivering best quality products to customers.
Effective team: A team is build up of two oer more than two person who work together with
the aim of attaining common goals. In context of this, effective team can help worrkers to
motivate and influence to perfom well and enhace productivity level of the company.
Ineffective team: A team is established as per afreed viewprint. In this team members are
having unclear objectives which may delay the completion of the particualr task. Under this
type of team all the decision are made as per voting system beacuse the people are not listen
each others.

Thus, some of the factors that are required to be considered while developing an effective
team are mentioned below:
Balanced Roles: In order to perform for a common goal it is important that all team members
have mutual understanding and shows a good balance between abilities, aspiration and skills.
As a result, it will assist team in attaining goals and objectives in a speculated time frame.
Clear Objectives: Before performing an action it is required that all the team members have
clear objectives so that they don’t face any kind of problem while achieving the same. Thus,
in relation with TESCO, managers have provided with set clear objectives and resources so
as to perform the action in an effective manner.
Good Communication: This helps in accomplishing the effective process of attaining goals
and objectives because interacting with team members and providing them with clear
information is very important because it enable workers in having better understanding of
task which is to be performed (Demir, 2011). Along with this, it will help superiors in
assigning roles and responsibilities according to the skills and knowledge acquire by an
individual.
Strong leadership: While building an effective team quality of strong leadership is very
essential as it helps leaders in influencing the behaviour of others. Moreover, with the help of
strong leadership leaders can guide team members for perfuming the task in an effective
manner.
Therefore, above mentioned points are some of the components of building a strong team
and managers of TESCO are considering the same so as to develop an effective team who
can further assist company in achieving set targets and objectives.
Tuckman model of team development:
This is one of the effective model which is used by most of the company in order to
develop an effective team. This model not only focuses on developing a team but it tends to
enhance skills and knowledge of its team members. TESCO is using Tuckman model for
building a team and this model consist of four stages and these stages are stated below:
Forming: This is determined as the first stage in which, all members are new to one another
and they behave politely & in a positive manner as well. Some of them show dedication and
anxious about performing the task but as they doesn’t know much about the task so they

control themselves. In this stage all the directions are provided by leader so they play
dominant role because managers are not aware of the roles and responsibilities of individuals
within the team. Therefore, in this stage all team members start working in collaboration in
order to accomplish goals and objectives.
Storming: In this an individual tries to push against the thrust which was established in the
initial stage. In addition to this rise in conflicts takes place amongst team members and this
happen because of the working style of every person in the team. Apart from this, in some
cases trust factor starts to develop between team members which foster good relationship
between team mates. Therefore, in this stage managers of TESCO should try to maintain a
good relationship even after clashes and conflicts as result, it will work as a positive point for
the company.
Norming: This is determined as the third stage in which team members come to a maturity
level try to solve conflicts and lookout for resolving differences. Individuals in team start
socialising with each other so that they can know about each other better (Ali, 2010). Thus,
this will further assist them in work in collaboration for a common goal. Therefore,
employees of TESCO must develop a strong relationship with one another so that set
objectives can be obtained.
Performing: This is considered as the last stage under which team mates work hard without
any complications in order to push towards accomplishment of plan. The procedure and
structure that are developed by TESCO are supported well by the team members. Therefore,
leaders guide their team members and focus on developing skills and knowledge of team by
whole.
Difference between effective and ineffective team:
Effective team Ineffective team
In an effective team a two way conversation
takes place which enable team mates in
keeping their view points in an effective
manner. Thus, all members are opened to
express their views and thoughts for
performing a specific action.
In this, two ways communication is not
present thus; leaders and superiors just
give orders for completing the work.
Hence, feelings and thoughts are ignored
With the help of negotiation and mediation In this for resolving conflicts distributive

team members tries to resolve issue and
problems.
negotiation are avoided.
TASK 4
P4 Application of philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour
Various concept of organizational behaviour and application of philosophies are there
that support business organization to perform all the activities in effective manner and at the
same time also ensure that all the functions are systematically done. With the assistance of
this company can easily enhance their brand image (Demir, 2011). In context of Tesco, there
are some concept of organizational behaviour can be understood by following points:
Perception: In organization every employee thinks different and unique way which
increase the determining alternative ways to accomplishing their target in perform their target
in most effective manner.
Human dignity: It is also an important factor which define equal status to all the
employees so that they can easily accomplished their target is systaltic way. With the
assistance of this company may improve their positive brand image.
Mutuality of interest: It refer to the individual need to the organization with the hope
of enhancing their interest.Thus, it is important for Tesco to improve their performance by
developing better relation.
Path goal theory: This is important theory which is developed in 70's. The main
function which is provided by leader in this regard is related to providence of compliments to
the employees regarding their working and shortcomings. They always trying to provide
adequate guidance to the employees which is needed to be follow by the employees while
they are working within an organisation. They support employees in each and every condition
to enhance their skills and traits for the purpose of completion of tasks within stipulated
period of time (Ashkanasy Becker and Waldman, 2014). There are many environmental
factors which are also needed to be consider as they will aid in increase the motivation level
of workers. The rewards which are provided to the employees for their work help to improve
their enthusiasm and zeal. This will provides the opportunity to the staff members to increase
their satisfaction.

CONCLUSION
From the above-mentioned report, it has been a concluded that organizational
behaviour is a study to analyse as well as evaluate the individual’s behaviour at workplace. In
this power, politics, culture influence business organization and its workforce as well in both
positive and negative manner. Along with this, strong culture of business also help in
enhancing the chances of improving overall performance of workers. Application of different
motivational theories are also help manager in motivating as well as encouraging workers
towards specific goals and objectives. In this context, clear objectives, leadership effective
communication and many more are the important factors which help in creating an effective
team which may contribute in attaining predetermined goals and objectives. Application of
different philosophies and concept of organizational behaviour also help in employees needs
at workplace which assist in attaining goals in appropriate time frame.

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