Exploring Motivational Theories for Tesco's 'Jack' Store Workforce

This report explores the application of motivational theories within Tesco's 'Jack' stores, focusing on enhancing employee performance and job satisfaction. It delves into two primary motivational frameworks: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. The analysis considers the advantages and disadvantages of each theory in the context of Tesco's specific business environment. Maslow's theory, with its emphasis on fulfilling basic physiological needs up to self-actualization, is evaluated for its simplicity and comprehensive understanding of human motivation. Herzberg's theory, highlighting motivating and hygiene factors, is assessed for its ability to address employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The report concludes by recommending Maslow's theory for Tesco's 'Jack' stores due to its foundational nature and ease of implementation, ultimately aiming to improve workforce stability and efficiency.

Introduction to
business studies

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION : ........................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
Different types of motivational theories :-..................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION :
Motivation is the process of stimulating people to do a particular work in order to
achieve organisational goals(Dörnyei, 2020). It is a psychological factor that force an individual
to have goal orientated behaviour ,the goal can be desire of more money, reconsecration,success
etc. It has been seen that the employees who is motivated carry out the assigned task in a very
productive manner which means more profits to the organization. It also helps in reducing labour
turnover , building self esteem, reduces absenteeism, enhanced job satisfaction and improve
moral of employees. The following report is going to give information on the TESCO company
which is a multinational retail chain of groceries and general merchandise, who's headquarter is
located in Welwyn garden city , England. The respective company was founded in 1919 , East
end of London by Jack Cohen. Recently TESCO has launched their Jack stores which have
comparative prices which will help the brand to take the market share of ALDI and LIDLI.
TASK
Different types of motivational theories :-
It is the study of understanding various factors which drives an individual to work
towards a goal or outcome. TESCO wants there employees to be highly motivated in there new
Jack stores,following are the two motivation theories they can adopt.
Maslow's need hierarchy theory is also called theory of human motivation it is a fundamental
theory based on psychology comprising of five human needs(Pu, 2018).
 Basic physiological needs :- is the basis of hierarchy , these are related to primary
needs like food ,clean water ,clothes and shelter which acts as internal motivation for
an individual.
 Safety need :- these are needs provide security and protection from harms like
physical and mental harm,for example job security .
 Belongingness needs :- After the above two needs are fulfilled human need seance of
belongingness,affection friendship ,family , trust these are the factors helps them to stay
emotionally stable.

 Esteem needs:- it is the forth in the hierarchy,it can be classified into two parts esteem
from one self (dignity,mastery and independence) and respect from others which
includes ( prestige and status).
 Self Actualisation needs :- this is the highest level of the need in the hierarchy ,it
means to become one what one is capable of becoming,self fulfilment and growth.
Advantage :- the biggest advantage of this theory is it is very easy to understand ,even a layman
can understand this theory and relate with it (Parikh and Singh, 2018).
It take into the account the human nature that is human wants more as lower level of needs are
satisfied.
Disadvantage: difficult to measure it is quite difficult to measure how much satisfaction one is
getting in after satisfying each level of need as it is subjective in nature.
The theory is based on the assumption that all people experience these need in same order ,and
fail to recognition cultural and individual differences.
Herzberg's Motivation Theory also popularly as two factor theory is based on two factors
motivating and hygiene,this theory states that some factors in workplace can cause job
satisfaction where as some factors can cause dissatisfaction (Mehrad, 2020) .
 Motivating factors are those factor which involve appreciation of employee for the
work done by them.
◦ Achievement a job must provide a proud feeling of doing something worthy,
◦ Recognition a job must provide there employees praise and recognition for the work
done successfully by them.
◦ Responsibility employee should take responsibility of completion of the work
assign to them in a given time.
◦ Growth and per motional opportunity there must be advancement opportunity to
keep the employees motivated
 Hygiene Factors it is the characteristics related to the job dissatisfaction is called hygiene
factors ,the absence of this factor can cause employee to loose their motivation and reduce
their productivity.

◦ Company policies the policies of the company should be fair and understood by all the
employees there should not be any technical jargon.
◦ Working conditions the equipments necessary to get the work done should be provided
in proper working conditions and environment should be safe and hygienic to work.
◦ Salary structure should be reasonable and fair.
◦ Fringe benefits employer should provide health care plans and mediclaims to there
employees so they feel more save and secure.
Advantage :- the company can focus on employees problem , and become employee friendly by
using this theory.
 Emphasis on motivation coming from within the employees ,company by adopting this
theory the part of the company can be developed by improving its working
environment and conditions(Kotni and Karumurim, 2018).
Disadvantage :-different subjective it means different people have different perspective when it
comes to job satisfaction,for example for some people salary acts as a motivation and for some a
good working environment.
 Ignore the external factors is other limitation of this theory in simple words ignoring the
external factors completely can lead to big problem sometimes ,especially in industries
where external factor plays a major role.
From the above discussion it has been observed that motivation is a essential element
which helps in improving level of efficiency of the employees and for stability of work force,
TESCO should use Maslow's need hierarchy theory as it is simple to understand and is base of
human physiology and will help the management in motivate the employees at very less efforts
and will save the time and energy of the management which they can use at more productive
places.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that for jack store by TESCO should use
Maslow's need hierarchy theory for motivating their employees ,because it is the foundation of
motivation , is easy to understood by common man and relatable which make it the most popular

motivational theory , it presents motivation as a changing force which changing from one level
of needs to the other when a lower need is satisfied,and it take into the account both the inter
personal and intra personal variation in human behaviour.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dörnyei, Z., 2020. Innovations and challenges in language learning motivation. Routledge.
Pu, X.U.E., 2018. On the Revelation of Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory to College Students'
Ideological and Political Education. Journal of Tongren University, p.05.
Parikh, P. and Singh, P., 2018. Need for developing intelligent interfaces for big data analytics in
the microfinance industry. In Big Data Analytics (pp. 1-5). Springer, Singapore.
Mehrad, A., 2020. Evaluation of academic staff job satisfaction at Malaysian universities in the
context of Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Journal of Social Science
Research, 15, pp.157-166.
Kotni, V.D.P. and Karumuri, V., 2018. Application of Herzberg two-factor theory model for
motivating retail salesforce. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(1), pp.24-42.