Leadership and Management in Operations: A Tesco Case Study Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within Tesco, a multinational grocery and general merchandise company. The report begins by comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their similarities and differences in the context of organizational operations. It then delves into the specific roles of leaders, emphasizing their ability to set a clear vision, motivate employees, and make critical decisions, while also detailing the functions of managers, including planning, organizing, decision-making, leading, and controlling. The report further explores different leadership theories and models, key approaches to operations management, and the importance of these approaches in achieving business objectives. Finally, it examines the factors impacting operational management and decision-making within Tesco, including the role of leaders and managers in navigating these challenges. The report emphasizes the importance of effective leadership and management practices for the success of the organization.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparison of leaders and managers roles and characteristics........................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Role of leader and functions of manager .........................................................................4
P3 Different theories and models:..........................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4 key approaches to operation's managements and the roles that leaders play:...................8
P5 Importance and values of operations management:........................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P6 Factors and their impacts on the operational management and decision- making by leaders
and managers........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operation and management is an area where management controlling all over process of
organizations like planning, controlling, designing, marketing, selling, supplying etc.
management includes responsibilities of business and their operation's (Asam and et.al., 2015).
In the organizations operations are comprised various activities such as provides goods and
services to consumers, marketing and promotions of goods. Employee working towards
organisation etc. The report will discuss about Tesco organization operations and management
which impacts on organizations activities and roles of leader and managers in organizations.
This report also discusses about management process which includes all tasks of
company as well as customers and how managers and leaders handle all functionalities of
business.
The report will discuss about different kinds of roles and responsibilities of leaders and
managers in a firm and role of leaders and the functions of managers in organizational situations
or theories and models which influence leadership and leadership contingency. The report will
also discuss about key approaches to operations management and its value in achieving business
objectives and factors of business environment that impacts operational management and
decision-making.
TASK 1
P1 Comparison of leaders and managers roles and characteristics
Leader- Leaders are leading all process of organizations and controlling all kinds of
activities. Such as planing, decision making and responsibilities of organizations process and
managing employees and their working in company. Many ways to define leadership in
organisation such as vision, motivation, serving, empathy, creativity, thoroughness, managing,
team building, risk taking and improving etc. all those characteristics are shaping leader roles in
company (Radnor and et.al., 2015). Main roles of leadership in firm order to complete all kinds
of process which impacts on business.
Manager- Managers in firm who take responsibilities of employees and controlling or
administering in organizations or staff. Managers in any firm have ability to maintained all kinds
of employees rested problems and also meet employees to achieving goals. Managers roles
determines in firm who are order to maintained all work related process and each process are
1

under managers responsibilities. In the organizations managers is only who has to give order to
employees to complete all task which is related to organizationals.
Similarities of a leader and a manager in accordance with their roles & characteristics.
◦ One of the basic similarity in between a leader and a manager is in their work i.e.
They both have to lead a team, whether on the worker's level, operational level,
management level or the senior management level.
◦ Another similarity according to their role and characteristic is that they both have to
achieve their respective targets, objectives and goals etc.
◦ Another similarity is that they both have their respective decision making powers,
authorities and responsibilities.
Differences of a leader and a manager in accordance with their roles & characteristics.
◦ One of the basic point of difference in between leader & manager with respect to their
characteristics & roles is that every manager is a leader but every leader is not a
manager.
◦ Another difference is that the role and designation of a manager is much higher from
a leader, in case the leader belongs to the operational level.
Comparison between leaders and managers
Leaders Managers
 Leaders of Tesco have skills which
established vision of company.
 Leadership has to describe who can
change organizational culture and
innovation in organizational products.
 Tesco leadership comprised of various
decisions to earn profits and for
welfare..
 In organizations leader has only one
which can handle all kinds of process
and decisions which impacts going to
 Managers organizations who motivate
employees to creates goals as they
have to motivate their employees to do
work and hard and achieve goal in
organizations.
 Manager work in Tesco who can give
orders to employees to manage all
structure in firm and make them
betters.
 Managers are taking only employees
related decision like their terminations,
2

business (Krajewski and et.al., 2015).
 Leader in Tesco who orders to take
risk, like they try new things even they
are fail miserably because leaders know
failure is often a step on the path to
success.
 Leaders in organization who makes
relationship to another firm to make
business and they also make
relationship with stockholder and build
loyalty and trust by consistently
delivering on their promise.
 Leadership is focus on results.
 Leadership is maintained the overall
process in Tesco like how to deal with
investor and consider with the business
details.
 The leader is able to provide business
deals and contract with other
companies.
 The leaders responsibilities towards
organization to handle all kinds of legal
requirement which is order by
government and they have skills to
think about growth of business in
international platform.
 Tesco leadership have roles to
communicate outsider investor which
have to invest in business.
appointing and other work related
problems.
 In organisation each department have
different managers who are takes their
department employees’ responsibilities.
 Manager of Tesco which control risk
Like their work in organization to avoid
or control problems rather than
embracing them.
 Manager of Tesco focus on structure of
organization and set the goals for
employees.
 Manager are focus on the process
(Gillen and et,al., 2016).
 Managers roles in Tesco to maintained
employees related process like
recruitment and terminations, different
kinds of facilities for employees,
rewards for effective employees which
give benefits in organizations.
 The manager work in firm to handle all
kinds of contract which is given by
leaders.
 Manager has responsibilities to
complete all kinds of legal document
which is order by leaders and they have
skills to motivate employees to make
growth in the company.
 In addition, Tesco managers have roles
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 No matter how strong are leadership
characteristics and their priority they
have responsibilities to seeking
problems and take problems solving
decision in firm?
 The main role of leaders in Tesco is to
give rewards of department which are
done work very hardly like marketing,
management etc. (Eo and et.al., 2018).
 Leaders have characteristics in Tesco
like prioritization, Warmth and
competence, Empathy, Accountable,
Honesty, patience and culture affinity
etc.
to communicate employees to increased
business growth and complete all task
related to work.
 Manager duty in organizations to
develop resource which helps to
improve performance of employees.
 Tesco managers have rights to give
rewards to their employees to hard and
effective work which impacts going to
company growth.
 Managers have duty to gives training
for their employees to defines their
work in company.
 They have also responsibilities make
growth of the business because
managers is essential part of business
which can be categorized by many
responsibilities and roles.
TASK 2
P2 Role of leader and functions of manager
Role of leader- A leader have different roles in an organization to set clear vision and
motivate or guide employees through work process and build morals. Leadership roles to make
countless decision and facing problems work related. Leadership have ability to influence,
communicate, negotiate persuade others to do things in indispensable to everything
accomplished in life.
Leadership have ability to select the proper team members for particular task which
includes business and personal etc. the most crucial roles of leader in organisation to share
values. The leaders only who share company success and values towards organisation.
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Leadership in organization comprised role in management they have ability to order to achieving
goals in business and make success. The main advantage of leadership is to organizing the al
process which is impacts to the business (Chevalier and et.al., 2015). Tesco leadership have
ability to maintained growth in business like they have ability to accepts the functionality of
business.
Functions of managers- Functions of managers in Tesco includes planing, controlling,
decision making, organizing, staffing, leading etc. all those function are influence managers
working. All those functions are includes organization working capabilities to wards employees.
Functions are discussed in detail below-
 Planing- This function of managers comprised roles of Tesco managers which includes
plan for organisation process which includes marketing, advertising, inventory etc. all
those process are making to planing. managers have to controlled all process with help of
planing. The planing also includes to supplying goods and services to customers
according to their demands. Most of the business operators have main aim to start
business with full planing and also make growth of the business (Schnepp and et.al.,
2017). Tesco managers have done every process in firm to making planing like they have
to present new products in market for full planing and each process are held to be done
according to planing.
 Organizing-After the planing of function mangers have work in Tesco to organize each
task according to planed. They also organize the plan to make specific task in firm. The
main aim to comprised the organizing in thy department which incudes various kinds of
process like maintained all task and activities in organizations For examples- Tesco
organize all activities according to planing like they have to supply goods to organizer
each materials according to supplying methods and mangers assign work to organize all
goods to maintained effective planing and process.
 Decision making- This function which influence managers characteristics. Mangers have
ability to take decisions for organisation like they have to take strategic decision in
business and includes employees as well. Decision making process in managers area like
they have ability to take decisions in Tesco employees area for example- Tesco manager
have right to make decision to appoint new employees for better ideas and make growth
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of organizations. The main advantage for making decision is in Tesco all function
possessing well and mannerly and each work are held according to the task, grope work
is affected by decision making.
 Leading- A manager of Tesco leading all kinds of process in business like controlling,
managing, planing, organizing, recruitment and motivating, communicating and
encouraging. In other hand manager of Tesco have ability to handle all kinds employees
problems and their solution which impacts going to organizations working performance
and increased popularity (Burns ,2014). An effective manager have good skills to leading
all process of company.
 Controlling- Tesco manager have duty to control all kinds process which includes in
firm. Marketing, selling, supplying, maintaining and controlling etc. Tesco manager have
to check all process like employees working, their quality on work, staffing facilities and
employees compliance etc. each kinds of task are controlled by the managers, Apart from
that manager a business have work to achieve goals and also help to meet goals with
employees. Controlling is main function of manage whee they handle and understand the
problems business related. For example Tesco manager have work to controlled kinds of
working in business like to handle customers, to supplying good and services to
customers, to maintained each work and to communicate with consumers.
 Commanding: The basic role of a leader would be to give commands to his/her team of
which he/she is a leader.
 Coordination: The major function of manager and leader to is to coordinate and cooperate
activities of employee in one competitive direction. Its functions would be coordinate the
team and designate all the powers, authorities & responsibilities.
Role and functions of a manager(of TESCO PLC, which is a british based groceries & general
merchandise multi-national company)in commanding and coordinating.
◦ Since it is a multi-national company, therefore the role & functions of manager would
be very complicated like to manage all it joint-venture organisations.
◦ Here, the manager must have a command over all of its business proceedings and all
of its departments.
◦ Manager must have a good coordination among its departments.
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P3 Different theories and models:
Hershey Blanchard model- This model comprised the leader ability to manage,
experience and willingness to accomplish a specific tasks in organizations Hershey Blanchard
model help Tesco leader to that A great leader have ability to developed skills in own self like
she/ he has experience of the work how to handle and maintained each kinds of working In
business in organizations (Berenguer and et.al., 2015). This model based on 'readiness' level like
an effective leader have ability attempt goals in business in many always like have an experience
and also defined knowledge of work, this model also define skills which have managing power
to all staff. For example Tesco organization have power to lead different kind of operation in
business. The Hershey Blanchard model includes levels which sis discuss below-
 R1 – Low followers- This levels pointed to those leaders who have low ability and low
willingness of followers like Tesco leader have some time avoid to focus their work
which impacts on their ability.
 R2- Low to moderate followers' readiness- This levels refers to low ability and high
willingness like some time Tesco leaders not maintained the employees working that
impacts going to organizations like they don't have to manage working but they have
confidence to maintained working of firm.
 R3- Moderate to high followers' readiness- This level refers to high ability but low
willingness like they have all knowledges about the firm but they unable to trying
actions.
 R4 -High followers readiness- This levels refers to high ability and high willingness. In
this case leaders are confident in each levels. For example Tesco leader able to take risk
and also confident to handle it.
Fielder's Contingency model- This theory talk about the situational variables. This theory
includes three elements leadership style, situational variables, relationship between styles and
situations. According to this model the leadership styles depends on the situation like they have
ability to maintenance each kinds of work according to situations. Those elements discuss
below-
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 Leadership styles- Leadership style depends on two dimensions like task oriented and
human relations oriented. Task oriented leader is focus on employees' performance
according to manageable style (Stadtler, 2015). Tesco have leadership style to handle all
kinds of activities in firm like handle customers and listing their problems and also make
attractions according to employees they also have ability to maintained risk in
organizations. Tesco leadership also includes the make relationship between employees
and themselves understand their problems and employees understand attitude of
leadership. The Fiedler developed a “Least Preferred Co- worker scale” this includes
friendly / not friendly, tense/ relaxed, pleasant/unpleasant, supportive/ hostile etc. which
leader have this kind of style which always take action according to task orientation.
 Situational variables - This leadership style define the power of authority which
comprised role of leadership where they take action according to situations for example-
Tesco have leader have ability to take action according to situations the leader have mus t
clear goals here they accept each satiation according to situations. The Tesco done
marketing for products to remain all things about the competitor and also observe all
situation which help to make better promotion according to competitors. The important
thing is in this model Fiedler define the critical dimensions of leader position and power.
Leadership know how to use the power of this position and they have no ability to miss
use the power of leadership (Lockwood and Euler, 2016) . They have confidence to
maintained each power in business like make relation , success of business , requirement
of employees for effective procedures etc. Apart form that situational variables also
ficus on task structure like Tesco leadership have ability to maintained all structure in
Task.
 Relation between styles and situations- this is the last elements of Fielder's contingency
model, leadership always make relation to rewards people like they ability to manage
work in organisation and also help to make growth in company. For example Tesco have
great empire in UK and they leading large supermarket store but they have leadership to
maintained relationship of their levels position people like other department leadership
or rewards people who make impressive work in organizations. The relationship is
always depends on trust and the leadership is always loyal for their employees like
leadership are ficus on each and every employees working and they choose those people
8

who are able to handle rewards and also capable of these opportunities. All those
situations are made better relationship to employees and leaders in organizations.
TASK 3
P4 key approaches to operation's managements and the roles that leaders play:
Operation management approaches defied the success of organization. Operations management
is and important area where firm cab handle and comprised many tasks which is according to
leaders and managers. It is business process which is had to maintained process of supplying
goods and services to directly to consumers. Operation management key approaches are
determines the ability to converting inputs and materials, energy and labour into outputs like
goods and services. Organizational paperchase have to implements organizational good and
services to new manager and make innovation them to make profit. In Accordance to operations
and management paperchase the Amazon is delivering online good and services to consumers
which they include all kinds of products like clothing, decoration, beauty, electronics, foot wear
etc. now days Amazon have top leading online supplying products firm which has approach to
having success in all over world and make the firm top most online firm in the market. The
Amazon operation are to selling, supplying, providing and delivering goods to the consumers
and make profits (Roth and et.al., 2016). Amazon management are comprised the roles which
their department handle or perform in organisation like they are selling effective products their
serves are attracted to consumer like cash on delivering and digital payment. In other hands
Amazon has to provide services to the people cash on delivery services and digital payment
services.
There are various approaches to operations management which are as follows:-
◦ Product based: In this type they follow product development part from the
techniques like capacity planning, inventory management, just-in-time, kaizen,
pareto's principle etc.
◦ Service based: In this type the company focuses on competitive advantage and
sustainable development through the techniques like collaborative working,
distributive working and agile development etc.
◦ Integrated products & service based: this could be told as the amalgamation of both
the product and the service based approach.
9

◦ Impact through competitiveness & innovation base: In this approach organisations
try to increase their efficiency and effectiveness through the practices like 6-sigma,
pareto's principle, kaizen etc.
From these, our store(of TESCO PLC)follows integrated product & service based approach and
at the same time they follow competitiveness & innovation based approach.
Six sigma theory- the theory have process which define analyse, improve, control existing
process of business. In the Amazon the six sigma theory help to understand the firm has to
applying process which includes activities like improving services, analysing market to present
products, control all kinds of business process which impacts on the organizationals firm
ability. Six sigma includes process which is defined by the letters DMAIC-
D- is defined by the problem of organization which leader can handle in the like. Amazon have
problem which solution are comes with the help of leader.
M- this includes the details of current process for example Amazon have process to which they
define in the firm like process of delivering goods to the clients.
A- analyse data and thing which impacts on business. Amazon can analyse process like they
ensure each process of firm like selling, supplying and, managing products etc.
I- this includes the improving business activities like Amazon have to improve business actives
like they adopt new technologies services which can help to increased procedure to maximize
sale in firm (Kato and et.al., 2015).
C- this define how can firm control all process in business. Amazon manager have to controlled
all kinds of process in business like they have opportunities to controlled all kinds of business
related problems in firm and also gives solutions of problems.
Lean management – Lean management is approach which is running organisation
improvements and long term approach and make changes in organizations. The lean
management mainly consists improvement and quality of organisation like Amazon applied
lean management which reduces the bad quality of product and make fresh products for clients.
The main concept is appalled to lean management in the Amazon that they've numerous
products which daily developed to customers (Roda and Macchi, 2016). And the best part of
lean management they help to understand firm to reduced all bad quality products in
organizations and make growth of the company. Lean management seeks to eliminate any waste
of time. Lean management includes following principles which is discuses below-
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 Define the value form starting point to the end consumers.
 To identifying each step and process in business but those all are steps not crates values.
 Only the firm applied first step and until all waste has been eliminated.
Apart from that lean management is a theory which make continuous improvement in
product and order to maintained quality of products. This theory help to understand Amazon
products like the firm make improvement in waste products to make innovation and invention.
This process help Amazon to long term approaches to work systematically. This management
theory mainly applied in large firm because this process has to make improvement in various
products.
Role as a store manager is to plan, convert inputs into raw material, labour etc. to get a desired
and more than desired output in useful products and services and that is what makes us a classic
example of an operation's manager.
Quality management basically ensures the consistency of our products & services either
remains or improves but do not degrade. It consists of four parts i.e. Quality planning, its
assurance, its control and its improvement. It means quality, but in a more consistent manner.
P5 Importance and values of operations management:
Importance of operation management in any firm includes management process, which
combines and transform various resources used in the operations subsystems and the firm
values add the services in controlled manner as per the policies of organisation. In other hand
operation management is considering and converting materials and labour into goods and
services and possible to maximize profit of an organization.
Amazon leader is Jeff Bezos he is the great leaders who are controlled the business
objectives in firm like they have ability to maintained all kinds of working in organizations. The
Amazon is the largest firm which provide customers to online products and services. Amazon
leadership role in firm to focus on the quality of products and also includes the high and low
pricing products. It is crucial part of any firm which has productivity to improving all kinds of
facilities which attract to customers. In addition, roles of leadership in Amazon which
11

comprised operation management in firm. And the leadership has work to manage all kinds of
functions which related to operations management (Akhtar and et.al., 2018). Amazon Operation
management can includes all online services which is provided to consumers like home
delivery, cash on delivery service and digital payments services etc. roles of leader in Amazon
operation management comprised the materials and labours which converting products and
services to maximize profit of an organization. Amazon leadership role in operation
management is includes the all firm manufacturing, production, technology etc. leader main
work in organization to manage all products manufacturing department and implements into the
new products.
Apart from that Amazon manager role in operation's management has to maintained all
working in organization like planing, direction, coordination, resources etc. The Amazon
operation management consist the planing of goods who to creates and how to present in market
and how to delivered to consumers. The main aim of manager in firm to develop quality
products which help to make profit and also help to increased growth of the company. Amazon
is the largest firm which has to delivered online goods and the managers has work in firm to
manage the goods, material and productivity and transform into the various resources used in
the operation management.
The Amazon manager role in firm to make planing for the products who to implemented
how to use effective technology which impression going to customers. Amazon manager also
gives direction to their employees to make hard work and also have to complete all task which
is given by the managers. The manager has main work in firm to developed and manufacturing
products and make new products for consumers. Now days customers have demands to new
technologies products. And the firm make products according to customers demands. Now in
the world online firm has to make effective roles, all person can buy goods and services form
the online app it reduced the market and people are ordering goods in to the home which is easy
for the people, now 80% people are having those online application firm and having benefits.
The best speciality for the firm which order to give cash on delivery services and online
servicing so people can attract most to those apps, in other hand the Amazon is the one of the
popular app which is supply goods and services.
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Amazon main work to supplying their customers to online products and manager role in
this to provide high quality and controlled cost of those products. The manager role in operation
management which is integrating new technologies products and control all over systems
(McArthur, 2015). Amazon managers to includes workers in firm which is well qualified and
also have knowledges of working. They have idea to implements new technologies in product
and also suggest to implementation in products. Amazon manager roles in operation department
to controlled cost of the product like they have to provide low to high quality products to
consumers that impact that customers have choice to choose price products, material and these
service for available for all kinds people. The manager has skills to denotes all the process in
organization which is applying for the firm like they provide online services which is effective
for the firm and also gives motivation to workers to implements new things in firm which is
beneficial for the consumers.
TASK 4
P6 Factors and their impacts on the operational management and decision- making by leaders
and managers.
The Amazon operation management is directly defines the productivity. The company is
mainly considered the to take decision in area of operation management. Those decision are
influence Amazon expand their diversity in business like continuous improvement help enhance
the capabilities. Amazon is keep leading retail and e-commerce market. The operation
management is includes the to take strategic decision which help to manage all kinds of
productivity in organization like target market, Amazon continuous success is depends on the
target market, firm know how-to fulfil the needs of consumers like they knowledges to manage
all kinds of working in business (Marshall and et.al., 2016). Amazon operation management is
includes the strategic decision to provide quality products which satisfied needs of conquers.
The company allows using the culture to create innovation among employees. Amazon has read
to maintained all location strategy like they save location to delivering products.
Apart from that Decision making by leaders and managers in Amazon includes the
operation management like they have to include many areas where leader and manager takes
decision-making. Which is discussed below-
 Quality management- in these leaders and managers are takes decision-making for the
13

continuous improvement in e-commerce business. Like the have tactics to provide
quality products to consumes in there area. The company use organization culture to
support innovation to crate effective products by employees. Amazon leader have to
decision to crates new idea to solve problems and improve business. Quality
management is crucial part of the E-commerce business and manager have to decision
which is allowed to use the quality in productivity.
 Layout design and strategy- In this strategic decisions area the managers have to
optimise the movements of human resource, materials ad information, the Amazon
objectives is to effective layouts designs with computer assisted processes. Manager
have work in organization to implement strategic decisions like they choose design and
layout of products which is suits to organizationals cultures and according to
organizations working performance. Amazon leader has to make decision for design and
layouts strategy they allow resources n firm to make effective design and processing in
firm.
 Location strategy- The decision making by leaders and manager in operation's
management area is includes decision for warehouse or fulfilment centres. For the
example Amazon has to maintained all warehouse that are optimally near the largest
number of customers of the online business.
 Organizational culture- the culture of firm define the process of business and the roles of
managers and leaders define the quality of business which defines each define all over
process of business (Pilkington and Meredith, 2018). The manager are take decision in
organizations culture to implement new ideas which impacts on culture and leadership
are able to take decision to maintained business like products, marketing, production etc.
the culture are shaping the all activities which is held in firm.
 Corporate social responsibilities- The Amazon have ability to satisfied customers needs
in e-commerce industry. The corporate social responsibilities are individual groups
linked to the organization based on their stake in what the business does. The Amazon
maintains corporate social responsibilities to target the interest of stakeholders. The
roles of manager and stakeholders to fulfil the needs of stakeholders groups like
customer's, employees, communities. Apart from that Amazon corporate social
responsibilities are give the highest priority to customers. The manger are making
14

decision to fulfil the needs and demands of customers which is handled by the
organisation productivity. Employees of Amazon defines the organizationals
performance and corporate social responsibilities' policy and programs. Stake holders
groups is interested in competitive compensation and career development. Employees
are important part of Amazon because they are support to make competitive advantage
in firm. Communities- Amazon communities maintained the corporates social
responsibilities programs the communities are includes development support like health
care, education, environmental etc. Amazon leaders are take decision to maintained the
communities process in firm like their work is to address the interest to primary support.
CONCLUSION
In this report, the report concluded about the operation and management in organization
which is controlled all over process such planing, designing, controlling, selling and supplying
etc. each process are under by the manager and leaders (Chan and et.al., 2017). The operation in
firm some kind of process which is done by the employees and staff members to make profit like
marketing, selling and supplying goods, promotes products, development of products etc. all
those process are come sin operations area. And the management process in organization
comprised all over management which includes employees and staff or the organization working
to each department.
The reports also concluded about the roles and responsibilities of manager and leaders in
firm functions of managers in organisation situations or theories and models which influence
leadership and leadership contingency. The report will also discuss about key approaches to
operations management and its value in achieving business objectives and factors of business
environment that impacts operational management and decision-making.
15

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