Analysis of Leadership and Management Theories in Tesco Plc

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Management and Leadership Perspective
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Theories and Perspective of Leadership and Management.............................................................5
Administrative Theory.................................................................................................................5
Application of Administrative Theory.........................................................................................5
Situational or Contingency Theory..............................................................................................5
Application of situational or contingency theory........................................................................6
Analyse and apply motivational and team working principles and theories to effective styles of
management and leadership.............................................................................................................7
Herzberg’s Theory.......................................................................................................................7
Adam’s Equity Theory................................................................................................................7
Team Effectiveness Model..........................................................................................................7
Application and Analysis of the selected theories.......................................................................8
Analyse how effective management and leadership can contribute to organisational effectiveness
within its ethics and value framework.............................................................................................9
Ethics and value based leadership characteristics.......................................................................9
Application of effective management and leadership with regards to ethics in the company.....9
Demonstrate and Debate the effectiveness of leadership and management behaviours on the
impact of the organisational mission and vision............................................................................10
Mission and vision of the selected company.............................................................................10
Types of culture and leadership of the company with examples...............................................10
Impact and analysis of leadership and management on the vision of the chosen company......10
Evaluate how managers and leaders can facilitate change using appropriate tools and models...11
Framework for managing change..............................................................................................11
ADKAR model..........................................................................................................................11
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Application and analysis of these models for your chosen company using specific examples.11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................13
Reference List................................................................................................................................14
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Introduction
Management and leadership are two of the major aspects that are necessary for the organisation
to function in a smooth manner. It allows the managers and leaders within the workplace to make
sure that they are governing the different departments within the organisation to ensure that they
are functioning to the best of their abilities. The study will focus on the different aspects of
leadership and management techniques used by companies to meet with their organisational
requirements. Some of the important theories and concepts of leadership as well as management
will be discussed in the course of the study. The selected company is Tesco Plc that is one of the
leading retail companies operating in the United Kingdom. The company is known for the wide
range of products and services that they provide to their customers (Tesco.com, 2019). The study
will highlight the important methods implied by the management authorities of Tesco to enhance
the performance of their employees.
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Theories and Perspective of Leadership and Management
Administrative Theory
Henri Fayol developed this theory of management to ensure that the companies are able to
perform their departmental activities so that the overall purpose of the company can be easily
achieved. Moreover, it aimed to make sure that the employees are being able to perform their
allocated tasks in an authentic manner to enhance the development and growth of the
organisation. The theory aimed to understand the behaviour of the employees in the workplace
(Thompson, 2017). With the implementation of this theory, the management authority is able to
function in a smooth manner. They are able to make sure that quality of their services and
products are maintained for meeting with the demands of the customers in the market.
Application of Administrative Theory
The application and implementation of the Administrative Theory can be seen in the workplace
of Tesco Plc. There are instances, when the organisation is unable to maintain their management
and as a result, it has a negative impact on overall functioning of the company. However, with
the implementation of the administrative theory, the organisation is able to make sure that they
are being able to deal with some of the major issues in the workplace. Some of the principles of
the theory states that work division, responsibility, command unity, discipline, and equity
amongst the employees will yield better results for the organisation.
Situational or Contingency Theory
Situational Theory is an important theory that allows the leaders to function according to the
intensity of the situation. As a result, their functioning can be regarded as flexible in the
workplace. It is imperative for the leaders to make sure that they analyse the situation in a proper
manner and act according to the situational requirements (McCleskey, 2014). However,
according to the Contingency Theory, it was noted that the leaders should be capable of
motivating the employees in the workplace and the control that they exercise on the functioning
of the different departments. The leaders following this theory should be capable of changing
their functioning or changing the situation for the better.
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Application of situational or contingency theory
It was noted that the leaders of Tesco Plc followed situational or contingency leadership theories.
With the help of these theories, the leaders were able to make sure that they are able to function
in a flexible manner, as this will help them to deal with difficult situations easily. There have
been instances that stated about the failure of the company to meet with the requirements of the
customers in the market due to decrease in their product quality. As a result, the leaders and
managers took to initiative to make sure that they follow the situational or contingency theory
(Northouse, 2018). This will assist them to motivate the employees so that they are able to
function in accordance to the market requirements.
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Analyse and apply motivational and team working principles and theories to effective
styles of management and leadership
Herzberg’s Theory
According to the theory of Herzberg, it was understood that there are certain factors within the
workplace of an organisation that are responsible for enhancing and developing the function of
the employees. These factors are responsible for either the employee satisfaction or
dissatisfaction in the workplace. As a result, it becomes important for the management of
companies to makes sure that they are doing enough to keep their employees motivated and
happy in the workplace. The employees thrive for recognition, achievement, and opportunity so
that they can feel motivated to accomplish the task that has been assigned to them (Alshmemri et
al., 2017). These are the motivational factors. The hygiene factors include increment of salary,
security of job and other benefits.
Adam’s Equity Theory
This theory states that employees have a tendency to feel demotivated in the workplace. The
lower employee can arise if the employees feel that their input is lower that the organisational
output. As a result, it has a negative impact on the performance of the employees in the
organisation (Miner, 2015). Employees tend to feel that their efforts are not valued in the
workplace and this leads to the decrease in the performance of the employees. Therefore, it is
important for the leaders and managers of companies to make sure that they decrease the level of
imbalance that exists between the employees and their employers.
Team Effectiveness Model
In order to understand the effectiveness of teams within the organisation, it is important for them
to implement T7 Model of Team Effectiveness. There are certain internal factors within the
model such as thrust, trust, talent, teaming skill, and task skills. However, the external factors
include team leader fit and team support from the organisation. With the implementation of this
model, the organisations are able to understand the ways in which their teams are functioning.
Besides this, they are able to understand the ability of their team member to formulate
collaborative working. As a result, it will help the organisations to ensure that they are
functioning to the best of their abilities in the market (Costa et al., 2014).
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Application and Analysis of the selected theories
The selection of the above theories and models are quite important for the functioning of Tesco
Plc. The application of these theories by the managers helps them to monitor the performance of
the employees within the workplace. As a result, they are able to meet with the organisational
requirements in the market. The managers and leaders are able to ensure that their teams are
performing in the right manner to achieve the organisational requirements. Therefore, it becomes
important for the organisation to select the right theories and models for developing the quality
of their workplace.
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Analyse how effective management and leadership can contribute to organisational
effectiveness within its ethics and value framework
Ethics and value based leadership characteristics
It is necessary for the managers and leaders of organisations to make sure that they using ethics
and value-based leadership in the workplace. This assists them to ensure that the issues and
challenges persisting in the workplace are being resolved. This helps them to increase the
performance of the employees in the workplace (Francis and Dugger, 2014). Moreover, they
leaders become more responsible and accountable for the different actions taking place in the
workplace. Apart from this, they make use of well-devised strategies in order to enhance their
process of decision-making.
Application of effective management and leadership with regards to ethics in the company
The leaders and managers of Tesco Plc should ensure that they are making use of value-based
leadership so that the conduct of ethics within their workplace can be maintained. This can be
done by allowing the employees to take part in the decision-making process. As a result, it will
help to enhance the overall quality of their services and products in the market (Lakshmi, 2014).
They have to make sure that the employees are not taking recourse to any kind of unethical
behaviour in the workplace. This allows them to meet with the satisfaction level of the
customers.
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Demonstrate and Debate the effectiveness of leadership and management behaviours on
the impact of the organisational mission and vision
Mission and vision of the selected company
The mission of Tesco Plc is that the company aims to become the topmost retail companies in
the international level by constantly meeting with the needs of their customers and clients
The organisational visions of Tesco Plc have been specified below:
 To become the leading retail service providers of UK
 To increase their generation of profit each year by a certain percentage
 To increase their customer base in their market of operation
Types of culture and leadership of the company with examples
Tesco Plc follows a hierarchical organisational culture that allows them to monitor and govern
the performance of the employees. This assists them to ensure that all the employees are
performing to the best of their ability. This develops the efficiency of the workplace and they are
able to accomplish their business objectives in the right manner.
The company focuses on using bureaucratic leadership within the workplace of the employees.
With the implementation of this leadership, the employees are able to operate in the right manner
(Mohelska and Sokolova, 2015). This helps them to deal with the functioning of the departments
and enhance their activities in the market. An example can be cited in this regards. There have
been issues related to the lower moral of the employees. Bureaucratic leadership helps them to
motivate the employees in the workplace so that they can work on achieving their allocated
tasks.
Impact and analysis of leadership and management on the vision of the chosen company
The selection and usage of the right leadership and management technique has an immense
positive impact on Tesco Plc. With the help of this, they are able make sure that the
organisational vision are being achieved in the right manner. It becomes easier for the employees
to proceed towards attaining the objectives and make sure that they are developing the quality of
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their services and products in the market (Muls et al., 2015). As a result, the management of the
company will be able to make the right decision and chances of business failure will decrease.
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Evaluate how managers and leaders can facilitate change using appropriate tools and
models
Framework for managing change
It is evident for any organisation to have a selected framework for managing change in the
workplace. This will allow them to make sure that their organisational functioning are properly
aligned with the changes that have been implemented in the workplace. This will help them to
ensure that the employees are functioning in an apt manner to deal with the changes that have
developed in the workplace (Sikdar and Payyazhi, 2014). The following section discusses
ADKAR Model for managing change in the workplace.
ADKAR model
This is one of the most important frameworks that could be implied in the organisation for
managing change in the workplace. With the help of this model, the management authority is
able to focus on their employees as well as the changes taking place in their organisation.
ADKAR stands for awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement. The
implementation of this model allows the organisation to make sure that they are able to function
in a flexible manner so that it becomes easy for them to accept the changes in the market (Dana
et al., 2016).
Application and analysis of these models for your chosen company using specific examples
The application of ADKAR Model can be seen in the way Tesco Plc is able to monitor their
changes within the organisational premises. They are able to manage change in an effective and
efficient manner. This allows them to create a flexible working environment for the employees
so that the process of attaining the business objectives is eased. Besides this, the employees are
able to understand their function in the workplace and work in order to increase their
organisational productivity.
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