Analysis of Leadership and Management Practices at Tesco Plc Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management practices within Tesco Plc. It begins with an overview of the organization, comparing the roles and features of managers and leaders. The report then delves into the analysis of leadership and management through various theories, including participative leadership and Henry Mintzberg's managerial roles. It explores the roles of managers and leaders in diverse situational contexts, such as managing conflicts and addressing labor turnover. Furthermore, the report examines and critically assesses various leadership theories, including systems, situational, and contingency leadership. The assessment includes a discussion of their strengths and weaknesses, providing insights into their practical application within the context of Tesco's operations.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK A2000...................................................................................................................................3
Overview of the organisation.......................................................................................................3
Comparison between role and features of manager and leader.370............................................3
Analysis of role of leader and manager with the help of theories.260........................................5
Role of manager and leader in various situational contexts........................................................6
Various theories including systems, situational and contingency leadership..............................7
Critical assessment of above theories including strengths and weaknesses................................8
TASK B (Covered in PPT.).............................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The term management means coordinating and organizing activities of firm to achieved
desired objectives. Whereas, operations can be defined as every activity that are perform in
organization that helps to earn money (Ismail, 2017). Management and operations can be
described as an area of management which is related with developing and controlling the whole
procedure of producing goods or services and also include process of controlling and redesigning
operations. The Report is based on Tesco Plc. It operates in retail industry. It was founded in
year 1919 by Jack Cohen. Headquarter of Tesco is located at England, UK. The Report will
outline the difference between role of leader and manager, what is the role of manager and leader
in different situations, various theories of leadership such as systems, situational and contingency
theories etc.
TASK A
Overview of the organisation.
The Report is based on Tesco Plc. It is a type of multinational company that belongs ti
retail industry. Tesco has ranked at third position in the list of the largest retailing firms in the
world in terms of total revenue. Jack Cohen is the founder of Tesco. It was founded in year 1919
in England, UK. The total operating revenue of the company in year 2019 is £2,206 million. It
offers various products and services under different categories through a chain of superstores,
hypermarket, convenience stores and supermarket etc. Tesco has various subsidiaries such as
Tesco Bank, Tesco Stores Ltd., Booker Group, Tesco Mobile etc. The website of the firm is
www.tescoplc.com. Tesco has acquired Booker Group in year 2018. The company owns brands
like Euro Shopper, Londis, Budgens, Premier Stores brand etc. The products offered by company
are Dyson cleaners, Bissell Proheat Cleaner etc.
Comparison between role and features of manager and leader.
Leader -
Leader can be described as the individual that has ability to influence the behaviour of
followers in various situations of work environment. A good leader is the person that has various
characteristics such as personality, clear vision etc.
Leadership refers to the process adopted by the leader to motivate, guide and influence team
members so that employee’s will make efforts to achieve the goals of the company (Cashman,
2017).

Manager -
Manager is the person who has responsibility to manage and control the administration of
the organization. They play an important role in performing the functions related with human
resource like training and development, recruitment and selection etc. Management can be
defined as organizing and controlling different activities so that, firm can achieve its aim and
objectives.
Difference between role of Manager and Leader -
Heading Leader Manager
Attribute One of the major attribute of
leader us foresightedness.
The major attribute of a
manager is mind.
Style Generally, manager follows
transformational style.
Generally, manager follows
transactional style.
Innovation : It is the process
of developing new products,
new process of production and
distribution. It helps to
improve the existing products
or services of the company.
Leader of Tesco plays a major
role in motivating workers to
make efforts for innovating
new products or services for
the customer's (Winston,
2018).
Manager of Tesco helps to
describe the requirement of
innovation to the employees
for growth and success of firm.
Management of organization
also helps in communicating
the benefits of changes in
process of production and
distribution or modifying the
features of products etc.
Improvement in productivity
: Productivity means
developing more units of
output by using less number of
inputs like raw material.
Improvement in productivity
helps to improve sales and
profitability of the firm.
Leader of Tesco involves team
members in the process of
decision-making. This helps to
improve motivation level of
employees. Due to this,
workers make efforts to
improve productivity of work
that helps to increase profits of
Manager of Tesco also assist
in improving overall
productivity of the company
by clearly defining the tasks
that are to be performed by the
employee’s. Manager provides
all the essential tools to
workers that are necessary to

the firm. perform different tasks and
activities. Therefore, it helps to
reduce the wastage of time of
the employees and resources of
the organization. As a result, it
leads to improvement in
productivity of work.
Managing change : It refers
to the process of implementing
and managing different types
of changes in the organization.
Leader of the firm guides the
employees that they should not
resist when changes are
implemented in the company.
In this way, Leader of Tesco
assist in managing changes in
the firm.
Manager of Tesco plays an
important role as a mentor by
mentoring and coaching
employee’s during the process
of any type of change in the
organization (Chiu, Balkundi
and Weinberg, 2017).
Analysis of role of leader and manager with the help of theories.
The analysis of the role of leader and manager of Tesco according to the theories is
described below -
Participative Leadership theory -
It refers to the style of decision-making that encourages ideas from employee’s but the
leader has ultimate authority to take ultimate decision. According to this theory, Leader of Tesco
is responsible to explain the decisions to team members and should be responsible for any type
of objections as a team (Chiu and Fogel, 2017). There are mainly four types of decision-making
styles under participative leadership. It includes collective, democratic, autocratic and consensus
style of decision-making. Participative leader of Tesco plays various roles such as leader
communicates their decision back to the group, facilitates the conversation, synthesize all the
relevant information. Leader also plays an important role in taking best possible decision.
Further, they motivate employee’s to share their ideas, openly communicate knowledge and
information to team members etc.
Henry Mintzberg theory -

Henry Mintzberg has developed this theory in year 1973. As per this theory there are
various characteristics of a manager such as managers of the firm initiates own activities and
subsequent actions, manager prefer verbal method of communication, they maintain relationship
mainly with subordinates, superiors and stakeholders (Alefari, Salonitis and Xu, 2017).
The theory has also described different roles of a manager. These roles are divided into
three categories such as interpersonal, decision-making and information processing etc. Manager
is responsible to contact with employees by playing the role as a figurehead, as a liaison,
monitor, disseminator etc. Further, manager of Tesco plays an important role in performing the
process of processing the information. Moreover, manager is also responsible to take decisions in
different types of situations.
Role of manager and leader in various situational contexts.
The term situational context explain the reason behind occurrence of an event and also
describes the appropriate actions and behaviour in respect of the situation. Context can be
circumstances, situation or specific setting etc.
Managing Conflicts -
Conflict is described as the disagreement happen between the people working in the
organization due to difference in views, opinion, attitude etc. Conflict management refers to the
process of reducing the negative impact of different aspects of conflict along with increase in
positive areas of the conflict.
Role of a Leader :
Leader of Tesco plays a major role in resolving conflicts that occurs between groups or
individuals. Team leader clearly communicate the role and responsibilities to team members that
help to reduce the chances of conflict at the workplace (Donate and de Pablo, 2015).
Function of a manager :
Manager of Tesco also assist in managing the conflicts in the organization. Manager
conducts meeting with employees once in a week so that workers can freely discuss their issues.
This helps to reduce negative aspects of conflicts. Further, they make efforts to maintain
transparency in communication for limiting the chances of conflicts at the workplace.
Labour Turnover -

It is defined as the rate at which the workers of an organization leaves the employment
and in the place of these employees' management recruits new workforce. On the basis of nature,
labour turnover is of two types that are voluntary and non-voluntary.
Role of a Leader :
Leader of Tesco assign tasks to employee’s on the basis of SKA that is skills, knowledge
and attributes. The clarity to workers regarding job role and responsibilities, helps to improve job
satisfaction level that helps to reduce labour turnover in the company. Further, type of leadership
style adopted by leader also help to retain loyal workers in the company (Lam, Huang and Chan,
2015).
Function of a manager :
Manager of Tesco performs a major function of developing rewards and compensation
system for employee’s for providing incentives on the basis of performance. Employee’s feel
that they are being valued by management that helps to improve motivation and job satisfaction
level of staff. As a result, it assists to reduce chances of labour turnover in the firm.
Various theories including systems, situational and contingency leadership.
Theories of leadership can be defined as the schools of thought that helps to explain the
reasons due to which certain people become leaders and the process that helps the individuals to
become leader. The theories focus on traits of the person.
Systems leadership :
It was developed by Dr lan Macdonald. Systems leadership supports the leader to
generate situations in which people at various levels can perform their work in effective manner
as per their potential. It provides tools to leader of Tesco that helps to forecast the behaviour of
people working in the firm. Further, it also helps leader to develop effective systems that
promote productive behaviour of employee’s and helps to achieve goals of organization (Floyd
and Wooldridge, 2017).
Situational leadership :
The style of leadership has been developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard.
According to this theory, leader of Tesco should adjust the leadership style according to the level
of development of team members whom leader is trying to influence. There are four styles of
leadership as per this model that can be adopted by leader according to situation such as

directing, coaching, supporting and delegating etc. Leader of Tesco should adjust leadership
behaviour according to behaviour of employee’s.
Contingency leadership :
The theory was developed by Fred Fiedler in year 1958. Theory is not related with the
concept that leader should adapt leadership style according to situation but, the compatible
situation is that in which goals of organization to be match with leader's style. The style of leader
of Tesco can be match to the situation by using Least Preferred Co worker Scale (LPC). Leader
of Tesco plays an important role by motivating employee’s so improve productivity, to reduce
the level of absenteeism and labour turnover in the company (Rowley and Ramasamy, 2016).
Example -
During the process of implementing new changes in Tesco there is a need to motivate
employee’s. So that, they will not resist towards the change. Leader of the company should adopt
situational leadership style to influence workers. Leader will guide workers by providing
coaching, mentoring to them. Therefore, single leadership style is not suitable for all the
situations. Leader is required to modify style of leadership according to the situation.
Critical assessment of above theories including strengths and weaknesses.
Leadership styles such as contingency, systems and situational leadership style all are
different from each other. The theory of contingency leadership starts with understanding
behaviour of leader. LPC scale is used by leader of Tesco to evaluate style of leadership.
Whereas, situational leadership model categorize team members into four different groups
according to level of maturity. Whereas, systems theory helps to determine behaviour of the
employees (Thompson and Glasø, 2015).
Systems leadership-
Strengths: This theory of leadership incorporates the role of environment. It helps management of
Tesco to adapt the changes that are happening in micro as well as macro environment.
Weakness:
This approach may not be suitable for small scale organizations.
Situational leadership-
Benefits:

 This style of leadership can be applied practically in different situations of the
organization.
Limitation: This style of leadership requires more efforts and time of leader due to which adequate
time is not available to the leader for performing more important tasks (Whitaker, 2018).
Contingency leadership-
Strengths: It helps to improve the decision-making skills and leadership skills of the leader.
Weakness:
 It is one of the complex approach. Sometimes, it is difficult for leader to handle
situations.
TASK B

CONCLUSION
The above Report has outlined that, Leader and manager both plays an important role in
achieving growth and success of the company. The Report has described difference between role
of manager and leader on the basis of change management, improvement in productivity etc.
Henry Mintberg theory has explained role of manager under three categories. Leader and
manager both plays an important role in managing different types of situations like conflict
management, labour turnover etc. Systems, situational and contingency leadership theories all
have own advantage and disadvantage.
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