Leadership & Management Analysis: A Case Study of Tesco PLC

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership and management practices at Tesco, a multinational retail company. It examines various leadership theories such as the great man theory, trait theory, behavior theory, and situational theory, along with management theories including scientific ...Read More

Leadership and
management skills

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Using appropriate academic theory, models and professional sources analyse and evaluate the
leadership and management of the organization.........................................................................4
Recommendation from the analysis and comparison- ...............................................................7
Performance metrics and its analysis..........................................................................................8
The impact of the leadership and management in relation to its overall performance drawing
upon business performance metrics as required from a wide cross section of business
performance analysis...................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
Online references......................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
The leadership and management are considered as key approaches which helps an
organisation to overcome key challenges and consequences. It is essential for an organisation to
focus on development of leadership and management based approach in order to achieve key and
desired results (Bush, Bell, and Middlewood, 2019). This is one of the major role of a business to
adopt best leadership and management approaches which are beneficial in increasing competitive
strength of a business. Management is considered as key approach which is beneficial in
increasing management of employees according to the situation which is prevailing in the
organisation. In this project example of TESCO company is taken into consideration for better
understanding key dimensions of leadership. The TESCO is a multinational retail sector
company which is based in England, United Kingdom (TESCO company information, 2022).
TESCO company is a global market leader which deals in providing grocery and general
merchandise to the key customers. In this project there is an in depth analysis conducted on
theories and models of leadership and management. This report will also include key focus on
impact of management and leadership on overall performance of a company.
Illustration 1: TESCO store exterior

MAIN BODY
Using appropriate academic theory, models and professional sources analyse and evaluate the
leadership and management of the organization
The leadership theories play a major role in increasing the employee satisfaction and
make them more motivated to perform work. It is also one of the crucial role of a company to
implement best leadership theories in order to achieve key and desired results (Golensky, and
Hager, 2020). The leadership theories also support a leader to act precisely in certain situations
in the company. Main leadership theories and their analysis in context of TESCO is mentioned
below:
 The great man theory- This is one of the major leadership theory which is used in many
global and domestic companies in order to perform key operations. Great man theory of
leadership states that excellent leaders are born, not developed. At TESCO, there are
many great leaders who are born intelligent. They have courage, intelligence, confidence
and charm which play an important role in developing key approach to manage
employees. In the functioning of an organisation, it is essential for the company to focus
on great man theory to develop effectiveness in major functions to develop precise
approach in management of subordinate employees.
 The trait theory- The trait theory of leadership is a major way to encourage and make
employees more productive. This theory of leadership suggests that there are key natural
qualities which creates crucial leaders. At TESCO there are many leaders who are
excellent listeners or communicators which increase coordination between employees. It
is necessary for leader at TESCO to develop key traits in the personality for development
of a key approach in dealing with the major consequences and challenges. The dynamic
and trait full personality of a leader is effective in providing major solutions to problems.
It is also one of the major role of a management of a company to develop a crucial
approach in management of key traits of the organisation. Also the application of trait
theory is effective in achievement of various set targets related to the organisation in a
quick period of time.
 Behaviour theory- This theory of leadership focuses on the individual's environment not
natural abilities which are helpful in development of a good leader (Hewitt, Dahlen, and

Dadich, 2021). In this approach a leader develops an ethical behaviour in order to lead
the competition in a precise manner. It is important for a leader to develop a major and
key approach in development of precise behaviour based approach which is beneficial in
increasing the development of employees. The leaders at TESCO should develop a major
approach in social behaviour which is important in achievement of major results related
to organisational development.
 Situational theory- This is a universally adopted approach in the field of leadership
which helps in increasing the chances of developing employee morale. It increases the
capacity to develop key actions and roles which are necessary for a leader to act in
critical situations. It is important for a leader to develop effectiveness in the organisation
and employee handling by focusing on application of situation based theory. The
situation of an organisation is essential to be evaluated and analysed with main focus on
key areas of improvement. TESCO should develop a major approach in handling key
responsibilities and roles according to the requirement of contemporary business
environment.

Management theories are most essential part of an organisation which supports a
company to manage key employees with more efficiency. It is key role of manager to adopt
management theories in order to develop a key technique to manage all the employees. The
following are key management theories which are implemented at TESCO to achieve desired
results:
 Scientific management theory- The scientific management theory is one of the key and
major approach which helps an organisation to develop more (Jones, 2018). This theory
was develop by F Taylor in order to develop performance of the whole organisation. This
theory is used at TESCO to develop scientific methods which are helpful in management
of tasks at the workplace. The scientific way of performing any task is a major way of
performing the organisational tasks and objectives on time. The scientific management
theory and its application is also used by key organisations to evaluate professional
business practices.
 Human relationship theory- This is one of the finest management theory that helps in
increasing harmony between employees (Karatepe, Aboramadan, and Dahleez, 2020). At
workplace of TESCO, human relationship theory is also helpful in supporting major
employees to develop healthy relationship between them. This helps in increasing the
coordination between employees and also helps in increasing their productivity. The
application of human relationship theory is also important for the organisation to focus on
development of key goals and objectives which are required for focused approach and its
development.

Illustration 2: TESCO marketing and sales management performance, 2022

 Systems management theory- The systems management theory is a major approach in
the field of management theories and techniques. This theory is concerned with providing
major solutions to the organisation in management of employees. This theory asserts that
businesses consist of multiple components that must work in harmony for the larger
system to function optimally (Kebede, and Demeke, 2017). According to this theory, an
organisation gets success because of synergy, interrelations and interdependence between
subsystems. This theory considers employees as the most important resource for the
organisation. So it is ethical responsibility of an organisation to develop key emphasis on
employee welfare in order to develop key and focused approach.
Recommendation from the analysis and comparison-
From the above analysis it can be concluded that situational leadership theory is the best
approach. This theory makes a leader to act according to the situation and makes employees
more dynamic. The analysis concludes that human relationship theory is one of the finest
approaches which can help an organisation to enhance productivity of employees (Padron, and
Stone, 2019). TESCO can also use the application of democratic leadership style in order to
develop effective approach in decision making (Leadership and management at TESCO, 2022).
Company must also develop a crucial approach in increasing the employee participation for
better approach. The human relationship theory is also beneficial in providing quick and accurate
results in employee management (Parvin, 2019). The leadership and management theories are
inter linked with each other and they have no comparison with each other. It is also one of the
major role of an organisation to focus on managing employees with both leadership and
management theories. There are different companies at the marketplace which focus on
increasing welfare of employees with the development of best leadership styles (Rubens,
Schoenfeld, and Leah, 2018). An organisation should focus on implementing the practices of
business in a professional manner to attract key customers.

Performance metrics and its analysis
The performance metrics is a major tool used by different companies to deliver best and
effective performance of employees (Samosudova, 2017). It is essential for the management of
TESCO to focus on performance metrics by the help of figures and data to develop focused
approach in performance management. In the year 2021, the performance metrics of TESCO
went down due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, TESCO' higher level management decided
to approach performance based objectives and plans which are helpful in increasing the
performance. The management of TESCO decided to increase overall performance of the
company by 21%. This required change management strategies and development of key rules
and regulations (Performance metrics of TESCO, 2022). The revenue and profitability of
company also fell down by 26% due to the pandemic. In order to develop key focus on
increasing performance of the organisation as well as of employees the company adopted a major
change in its competitive approaches. The company developed a major strategic and planning
framework which is essential for the management to develop a focused approach in increasing
performance of its employees. The KPI(Key performance indicators) of an organisation are
essential to be implemented with full supervision and control. This led to increase performance
oriented approach of company. The company also established six major pillars of maintaining
key performance indicators which are sales, profit, operating cash flow, customer
recommendations, colleagues recommendations and build trusted relationship with partners.
Illustration 3: KPI Steering wheel of TESCO

The impact of the leadership and management in relation to its overall performance drawing
upon business performance metrics as required from a wide cross section of business
performance analysis
Performance management and development is one of the most crucial function of TESCO
in order to develop best ways to improve output of employees (Tran, and Nghia, 2020). The
leadership and management approaches are helpful for an organisation in increasing its
competitive strength. Impact of leadership and management practices on the organisation and its
performance is mentioned below with the help of following points in context of TESCO:
 Increase employees morale- The management and leadership are two major approaches
which helps an organisation to increase the employee morale. Increasing the employee
morale of employees is done with the help and support of performance management. In
the corporate world, increasing morale of employees is an important aspect which is
achieved with the help of suitable approaches in leadership. The morale and development
of employees is essential to be increased along with the analysis of situation in order to
achieve key outcomes for the organisation. The companies should focus on increasing
employee and their productivity with the help of increasing emotional intelligence in
employees.
 Performance development and appraisal- The development of performance and its
appraisal are most important for a company. At TESCO the leadership and management
related tasks and functions are helpful in development of performance. The appraisal of
performance is also facilitated by decisions taken by board of directors and higher
authorities of TESCO. It is also very much important for TESCO company to focus on
providing fair appraisal according to performance of employees. The rewards like
monetary and non-monetary are provided by TESCO in order to achieve key and
effective outcomes. Performance of employees should be measured by increasing the
chances of developing a crucial approach in relation to key growth based objectives. The
companies should also focus on development of performance of employees to achieve the
desired success.
 Employee output and productivity- The organisation should focus on increasing every
employee's output. With the support and help of management and leadership, a company
achieves increased output of employees in order to achieve set targets of the organisation.

The TESCO company also achieves optimum utilisation of resources in order to develop
effective practices in performance improvement (Vandergoot, Sarris, and Kirby, 2019).
Employees are the most important resource for the organisation, so it essential for the
organisation to calculate key output of each and every employee in order to increase
overall potential. The output of employees is essential to be increased with the help of
major tools and techniques that are requirement of the TESCO company.
 Competencies and strength of organisation- TESCO company's competencies and
strengths are also increased with the help and support of performance development
techniques. The company should also put emphasis on increasing overall production
related to operations management to ensure success at the marketplace. The leadership
related functions and approaches are beneficial for an organisation in order to develop
various competencies that are required to handle organisation's strength related
dimensions.

CONCLUSION
From the above stated report it can be concluded that in the era of stiff competition
between companies, it is essential for an organisation to focus on leadership based approaches.
This project concludes that leadership and management theories and approaches play a key role
in overall development of the organisation. The report concludes that in the recent times, due to
increased competition in the marketplace, leadership plays a major role by developing focus on
most of the successful business based operations. This project concludes the key significance of
leadership and management styles which play a major role in increasing capabilities and strength
of a business. The above stated report concludes that most of the successful companies in the
international and national marketplace focus on increasing their leadership based tasks and
functions for desired success. The management of employees is also a major task which can be
developed with the help and support of leadership to develop key focus. In order to increase the
productivity of employees it is important for a leader to develop certain skills. This project
concludes effectiveness of leadership and management goals which are to be achieved with the
help and support of key development based approaches. This project concludes the crucial
leadership techniques which are helpful in increasing satisfaction of employees. The analysis
concludes that a leader should focus on increasing the overall capacity of organisation in order to
gain competitive advantage.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of educational leadership &
management. Sage.
Golensky, M. and Hager, M., 2020. Strategic leadership and management in nonprofit
organizations: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press.
Hewitt, L., Dahlen, H.G., and Dadich, A., 2021. Leadership and management in midwifery-led
continuity of care models: A thematic and lexical analysis of a scoping review. Midwifery, 98,
p.102986.
Jones, G., 2018. Evidence-based school leadership and management: A practical guide. Sage.
Karatepe, O.M., Aboramadan, M. and Dahleez, K.A., 2020. Does climate for creativity mediate
the impact of servant leadership on management innovation and innovative behavior in the hotel
industry?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Kebede, A.M. and Demeke, G.W., 2017. The influence of leadership styles on employees’ job
satisfaction in Ethiopian public universities. Contemporary Management Research, 13(3).
Padron, T.C. and Stone, M.J., 2019. Leadership skills in event management courses. Event
Management, 23(6), pp.927-937.
Parvin, A., 2019. Leadership and management in quality assurance: insights from the context of
Khulna University, Bangladesh. Higher education, 77(4), pp.739-756.
Rubens, A., Schoenfeld, G.A., and Leah, J.S., 2018. Self-awareness and leadership: Developing
an individual strategic professional development plan in an MBA leadership course. The
International Journal of Management Education, 16(1), pp.1-13.
Samosudova, N.V., 2017. Modern leadership and management methods for development
organizations. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 106, p. 08062). EDP Sciences.
Tran, L.T. and Nghia, T.L.H., 2020. Leadership in international education: Leaders’ professional
development needs and tensions. Higher Education, 80(3), pp.479-495.
Vandergoot, S., Sarris, A. and Kirby, N., 2019. Factors that influence the transfer generalization
and maintenance of managerial‐leadership skills: A retrospective study. Performance
Improvement Quarterly, 32(3), pp.237-263.
Online references
Performance metrics of TESCO, 2022[Online]Available through:<https://bernardmarr.com/six-
kpis-for-an-entire-organisation-how-tesco-overhauled-its-performance-management-
framework/>
Leadership and management at TESCO, 2022[Online]Available
through:<https://bernardmarr.com/six-kpis-for-an-entire-organisation-how-tesco-overhauled-its-
performance-management-framework/>
TESCO company information, 2022[Online]Available through:<https://www.tesco.com/>