Leadership and Management in Tesco: Unit 4 Report Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on the roles of leaders and managers, organizational structures, and relevant theories within the context of Tesco. The report begins with an introduction to the organization and its management structure, followed by a differentiation between the roles of a leader and a manager. It explores various management and leadership theories and concepts, including contingency theory, system theory, autocratic leadership, and laissez-faire leadership. The report further examines chaos theory and management by objectives, highlighting their impact on growth and sustainable performance. Finally, it assesses the impact of managers and leaders on the organization, offering recommendations for future improvements, such as clear communication of goals, open communication, promoting ethical practices, building engagement, creating trust, and fostering a strong team environment. The report also includes a presentation outlining how operational efficiencies can be improved using management and leadership approaches to meet business objectives.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART A : REPORT.........................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction to the organisation and management structure....................................................1
2 Definition and role of manager and leader and difference between management and
leadership....................................................................................................................................2
3 Different roles of management and leadership supported by theories and concepts:..............3
4 Chaos theory and management by objectives have support growth and sustainable
performance.................................................................................................................................4
5 Impact of managers and leaders on the organisation and recommendations for future
improvements..............................................................................................................................5
PART B – PRESENTATION..........................................................................................................6
With the use of management and leadership approaches, operation efficiencies can be
improved to meet objectives of business....................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The organisation can be defined as where group of people move together by performing
roles and responsibilities for achieving goals and objectives. The organisation taken for concern
in this report ids Tesco for elaborations. Starting from definition of organisation and the structure
of management the terms are involved with elaboration in this report. With the types of structure,
focusing on different roles of manager and leaders the report is made. Also, theories and concept
of management and leadership in situations of organisations are detailed in this report. Chaos
theory and sustainable performance and growth have been discussed. With the help of ppt overall
improvement within the organisation are presented.
PART A : REPORT
1 Introduction to the organisation and management structure.
A group of people with specific purpose moves ahead in terms of earning profit or non
profit are known as organisation, which includes planning, directing, controlling contradictions
staffing and managing the affairs of the business (Jacobs Chase and Lummus, 2014). The roles
and responsibility are assigned to different members to perform efficiently for achieving the
goals and objectives. Delegated authorities and responsibilities are controlled by management.
Structure of management: To follow the formulated set of rules, policies and
procedures which includes the information flow within the organisation and implementation of
decision making process the activities are well coordinated and controlled. Also, the organisation
should be flexible coordinating and innovative from time to time by which the objectives can be
achieved effectively. The structure of organisation varies as per needs of company. The
commonly used and followed structures are detailed in this report.
 Flat organisational structure: This structure is commonly used by small organisations
who has 20 or very fewer employees, also carries few levels of management for
operations. The advantage in this structure is rapid and effective decisions are made as
the management is few (Asam and et.al., 2015).
 Functional organisational structure: Job functions or functional areas are focused by
functional organisational structure. The operations are organised into departments, with
group of employees who shares their skills and knowledge by marketing, sales or
performing both activities.
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 Product organisational structure: Third type is based upon company's product line
where board of directors controls the flow of product in terms of marketing, financing
etc.
 Matrix organisational structure: This structure lies between the project and functional
structure. Strong matrix lies with project manager and weak lies with functional manager
(Calais and et.al., 2017).
2 Definition and role of manager and leader and difference between management and leadership.
Leader: New direction or path with focusing towards a vision and mission are termed as leaders,
who inspires the followers to follow the set direction.
Manager: By nurturing the skills of employees, developing talents to inspire the results can be
perfect definition of manager. Manager manages the organisation by maximising the efficiency
with coordinating and organising the work.
Role of leader: The leader focus on setting the mission and mission by performing certain roles
towards the followers in terms of bringing effectiveness in achievement. Direction is provided by
leaders by performing roles, strategies are developed to accomplish the vision and the changes
are made rapidly that is required. By performing all the roles effectively the leaders, recognition
are made in terms of rewards and success (Kuhn, Balke and Wood, 2017).
Role of manager: Due to advancements in technology managers deals with lots of complexity in
organisation. They sufficiently manage the affairs of current and future position by controlling,
budgeting, planning and staffing the employees effectively.
Difference between leadership and management.
Leadership Management
By communicating effectively Tesco leaders
engage people by implementing and helping
them to know about their capabilities and while
performing for any specific projects
commitments are build and made realise over
time (Heizer, 2016). They motivate the
followers by waving the flag and banners by
The resources that are needed are allocated by
management of Tesco submitting the budgets,
policies and procedure are developed by
assigning roles and responsibilities and
progress is monitored from time to time. The
results that are to be achieved are coordinated
and controlled by effectively monitoring and
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which all the level of staff gets empowered. solving the barriers and continuous
improvements (Krajewski, Malhotra and
Ritzman, 2015).
3 Different roles of management and leadership supported by theories and concepts:
There are different roles that are performed by management and leadership that are
supported by theories and concepts.
Management theories and concepts in organisation:By concentrating on increasing productivity
and the quality of service that is to be provided is termed as management theories and concepts.
The following theories' and concepts are considered to achieve the decided goals and objectives
of Tesco.
 Contingency theory: Managers of Tesco take this theory in order to make decision
based on the current situation instead of one size fits all method, as effectiveness cannot
be gained (Gillen, Jacquillat and Odoni, 2016). Most important present situation is
considered first to come out with a solution. By adopting the leadership approach workers
are also involved by managers while leaders prefer for autocratic approach instead of any
other.
 System theory: Managers of Tesco understand the system by recognising affecting
workers or either employees affect the system that are around them. Group of employees
perform together to achieve objectives. This allow the manager to recognise and make
modifications in particular performance of task in the organisation. The coordination of
the program can be made effectively while performing for achievement of goals instead
of focusing on single department.
 The various important leadership styles are defined in this report to elaborate the role of
leaders.
 Autocratic leadership styles: The overall command is hold by leaders on employees or
team. By these teams or employees are not allowed to suggest something in return and
also, they cannot question on the instructions of leader or neither suppose to criticize.
With the effective supervision speedy decisions can be made (Chevalier, Lamas and
Mlinar, 2015).
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 Laissez Faire leadership style: Solely the jobs are performed by employees as per the
trust of leaders. Without focusing on management aspects leader concentrates on
intellectual aspects. In this theory, view of employees are considered and views are taken
into concern.
4 Chaos theory and management by objectives have support growth and sustainable
performance.
Chaos theory: With the help of chaos theory, managers got well known about the changes that
are unpredictable and controlled rarely. With the growth of the organisation, complexity and
susceptible tasks also increases (Venkat and et.al., 2015). Energy has to be boost by manager of
Tesco to forecast new level of complexity and bring stability out of it. This system continues
with evolve and change in terms.
 Management by objectives: Participation of employees is highly approved and
appreciated by management to achieve the objectives. In recent days, employees are
involved in the process of decision making as the skilled personnels are engaged and
recruited in the activities of the unavoidable circumstances. With emerging new trends
and situations growth and development are made in Tesco. Whereas Tesco can establish
sustainable stable performance by making the changes and working accordingly to
achieve the best out of it. organisation. The management by objectives are based and
focused on planning to achieve the goals of organisation (Schnepp, Vidal and Hawley,
2017). Also, the goals of the organisation is defined by management by objectives. For
this purpose the effective means of communication by concentrating Tesco's goals,
objectives of employees, monitoring the performances by reviewing and feedbacks are
concerned with the help of evaluation of overall performances.
 Supporting growth and sustainable performances: Chaos theory helps the Tesco to
deal with unpredictable situations. It also provides efficiency while making decisions.
Adaptable decisions are taken to come out with the best situation form unavoidable
circumstances. With emerging new trends and situations growth and development are
made in Tesco. Whereas Tesco can establish sustainable stable performance by making
the changes and working accordingly to achieve the best out of it. organisation. The
management by objectives are based and focused on planning to achieve the goals of
organisation (Faruk and et.al., 2018). Also, the goals of the organisation is defined by
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management by objectives. For this purpose the effective means of communication by
concentrating Tesco's goals, objectives of employees, monitoring the performances by
reviewing and feedbacks are concerned with the help of evaluation of overall
performances.
5 Impact of managers and leaders on the organisation and recommendations for future
improvements.
The performances of Tesco has been changed and improved by managers and leaders
with the help of certain improvements by recommendations.
 Communication of goals and expectations clearly to employees: As the leader by
setting vision and mission explains about the expectations and goals that are to be
achieved. Whereas, managers perform their roles by planning, directing, controlling and
effectively staffing (Baxley and et.al., 2016).
 Encourage open communication: Suggestions box and team meetings and with the help
of surveys, open minded communication can be encouraged by expressing ideas and
skills and effective listening are opted by leaders and managers to perform towards. The
concerns of employees are addressed by leaders and managers while performing for goals
and objectives.
 Promote effectiveness, reputation, values and ethics: To make feel positive about the
leaders and managers, in he Tesco organisation they actively promoted, values, ethics,
effectiveness and reputation of Tesco.
 Culture: Manager and leader impact the culture by encouraging culture of Tesco
organisation where personally employees can get fit.
 Build engagement: With the help of social media and other tools for effective
communication the engagement can be build with the positive impact of managers and
leaders. As they are genuinely concern about their employee.
 Trust: In order to achieve the goals and objectives of Tesco, the impact of manager and
leader is high as they have to create trust and loyalty among their employees regarding
the results and objectives.
 Creating strong team environment: The perfect recommendations are made by leaders
and managers by creating strong team environment. With the proper and effective
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interactions between the existing employees of Tesco organisation, strong team is build
in order to earn the decided goals by which productivity are increased in terms. With the
help of strong team success can be automatically generated by the management and
leaders of Tesco organisation (Introduction to Project Management Organizational
Structure, 2017).
 Supporting employees in their work and growth. Growth of the employees leads to
growth of organisation. Leaders and manager of Tesco organisation firmly believe and
understand the situation. Gradually as an employee grow in terms of knowledge and
skills, the growth of the organisation is made automatically. The role and impact
positively have a direct effect the employee performance. By providing training,
knowledge and coaching the employees for their personal growth and development. This
growth and development enhances and helps the Tesco to bring nuances in terms of
performance.
 Delegation : The another recommendation that can provided by manager and leader
delegation of work and authority. The right delegation of authority and work will bring
the effectiveness in performances.
 Celebrate both financial and non financial achievements: In order to motivate, the
employee's success that are achieved either in terms of financial or non financial terms
like promotion of products or increase in number of consumers by getting inspire of
certain offers or discounts that are to be celebrated as recommended by managers and
leaders of Tesco organisation. This boost the confidence of employees which enhances
the performances that can be seen in results (Rouvari and et.al., 2016).
 Encouraging innovation: With the help of innovation, the skills and knowledge can be
developed for the purpose of achieving objectives. Encouraging process of innovation
defined about the result in terms of increasing sales of Tesco.
PART B – PRESENTATION
With the use of management and leadership approaches, operation efficiencies can be improved
to meet objectives of business.
PPT attached.
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CONCLUSION
With an overview on Tesco organisation this report has been detailed with management
structure, with defining roles of managers and leaders are given. The different approaches of
management and leadership has been discussed in this report with detail. Also, the difference
between the management and leadership and application of theories and concepts and the chaos
theory for the sustainable performance and support growth have been discussed. With the help
of ppt overall improvements are given.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
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Interval Management Arrival Operations.
Calais, J.F.L.G., and et.al., 2017. Management and operations maintenance for a water
treatment and supply company.
Chevalier, P., Lamas, A., Lu, L. and Mlinar, T., 2015. Revenue management for operations with
urgent orders. European Journal of Operational Research. 240(2). pp.476-487.
Faruk, M.O., Al-Deek, H., Sandt, A., Rogers Jr, J.H. and Shamma, A., 2018. Wrong-Way
Driving: A Regional Transportation Systems Management and Operations Approach to a
Regional Problem (No. 18-01792).
Gillen, D., Jacquillat, A. and Odoni, A. R., 2016. Airport demand management: The operations
research and economics perspectives and potential synergies. Transportation Research
Part A: Policy and Practice. 94. pp.495-513.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Jacobs, F. R., Chase, R. B. and Lummus, R. R., 2014. Operations and supply chain
management (pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Krajewski, L.J ., Malhotra, M. K. and Ritzman, L. P., 2015. Operations management: processes
and supply chains. Pearson.
Kuhn, B., Balke, K. and Wood, N., 2017. Active Traffic Management (ATM) Implementation
and Operations Guide(No. FHWA-HOP-17-056).
Rouvari, O., Porkka, P., Aramo-Immonen, H. and Huhtala, M., 2016. Cluster analysis of Finnish car retail and
service business operations strategy and innovation management capabilities. In Annual European
Operations Management Conference, EurOMA 2016, Trondheim, Norway.
Schnepp, R., Vidal, R. and Hawley, C., 2017. Incident management for operations.
Song, D. W. and Parola, F., 2015. Strategising port logistics management and operations for
value creation in global supply chains.
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Venkat, A., Kekre, S., Hegde, G.G., Shang, J. and Campbell, T.P., 2015. Strategic management
of operations in the emergency department. Production and Operations
Management. 24(11). pp.1706-1723.
Online
Introduction to Project Management Organizational Structure. 2017. [Online] Available through
<http://www.nutcache.com/blog/introduction-to-project-management-organizational-structure/>
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