Leadership and Management: Tesco's Leadership and Theories Report

This report delves into the critical roles of leadership and management in organizational success, emphasizing their impact on achieving goals and motivating staff. It uses Tesco, a major UK supermarket chain, as a case study to illustrate practical applications of leadership and management theories. The report examines various leadership styles, including participative leadership, and analyzes the roles of leaders and managers in resource allocation, decision-making, and performance monitoring. It explores key leadership theories like the trait theory and contingency theory, highlighting their relevance in different situations. The report also touches upon leadership development programs, offering insights into how organizations can enhance their leadership capabilities. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management principles, offering valuable insights into effective strategies for organizational growth and development, with Tesco as a practical example.

Leadership and
Management
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................5
Leadership and management Theories........................................................................................5
Leadership development programme........................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
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INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management play an important role for success of business organisation.
The leader motivates the staff for achieving vision as well as mission in given time period. In
addition to this leader provide track to its subordinate for executing their task in an effective
manner apart from this the manager or supervisor maintain appropriate strategy in order to co-
ordinate as well as communicating the various task in well defined (Rice, 2018). Beside form
this; there are various kind of Theory of leadership which is used by organisation for motivating
the staff member towards achieving goal in proper manner. This report is carried upon Tesco it is
the largest chain of Supermarket that is situated in UK provides different kind of goods as well
as services to its user for fulfilling their needs. The leader as well as manager of company
emphasizes on bring positive atmosphere for its user for boosting productivity. Furthermore, the
leader possesses hard as well as soft skill for run the business in an appropriate manner. Apart
from this, the leader conducting training and development session for its employees for
increasing their skill and knowledge for perform their work in better way. It helps in increasing
sales as well as growth of business organisation in future period of time. For executing different
task in an effective manner it aid assistance in boosting growth as well as development of
company in upcoming time period. The main aim of leader is to satisfy the need of subordinate
for boosting their level of motivation to work also, this report discuss about NHS leadership
program which is useful for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the business
organisation.
MAIN BODY
Leadership and management Theories
Leadership is defined as a set of skills that an individual have to motivate, influence and
encourage other people according to their way or it is termed as an ability to manage, initiate and
take action for the achievement of desired goals (Van Wart, 2017). Management is the procedure
of designing and maintaining an environment by which employees attain organisational goals
and objectives. Management involves all the activities from planning to the achievement of
desired goals within stipulated time frame. It is determined that an effective leader and manager
reaches an organisation towards higher growth and development as well. In relation to TESCO,
its managers ensure that activities carried out employees should be in a proper and timely
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manner as it effect on the productivity and profitability of a company. Along with this, they
check and evaluate performance of staffs with the set standards in order to make improvement
and to provide good service to customers. The leaders of TESCO motivate and encourage
employees with an aim to motivate staff to work with seal towards attainment of organisational
goals. Moreover, its leaders ensure that requirements of employees is fulfilled as it motivate
them due to which efficiency as well as profit of company is enhanced in a proper manner
(Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2019). The company adopt participative leadership style so that
objectives is attained within stipulated time frame. The company give right to employees to give
their suggestion and to participate in the process of decision-making as it build morale and
confidence level of staff members. This assist them to bring out innovative products and services
that attract more number of customer which directly impact on its sales as well as profit level. It
also assist company to provide quality service to customers which strengthen their market
performance and market position that leads to increase in share of the organisation at
marketplace.
Role of Leader:
Leaders provide direction to staff members in order to implement activities in an
appropriate manner. The leaders motivate all the members of a company in order to attain
objectives within stipulated time period. The role of leader is given below:
Decision maker: It is one the most essential role that is played by leaders which assist an
organisation to increase their performance level. In addition to this, leaders take decision by
analysing situations that is beneficial for employees and for company also. It is important for a
leader to have good communication and presentation skills so that decision can be share to
employees in an effective manner.
Vision setting: Another role that is performed by leader is to set goals and vision so that
it can be achieved within time frame. The vision set by leaders is associated with gaols and
objectives of the company (Renz, 2016). If the leaders has willingness to take effective decision
then all the activities and operation of company is implemented in a proper and smooth manner.
Role of Managers:
Allocation of resources: It is important for higher authorities to optimally utilise all the
resources in an effective manner as it assist in declining overall cost and raise profitability level.
With the help of this, it is easy for an organisation to maintain equilibrium among demand &
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supply. It assist companies to provide on time service to customer and build positive image in
market.
Monitoring & Evaluation: The managers monitor performance of staff members in
order to check whether activities carried by employees is properly or not. In addition to this, the
higher authorities evaluate performance with the expected performance so that improvements
take place which has a positive impact on productivity and profitability of an entity. The mangers
of Tesco monitors and check activities on continuous basis so that objectives and targets can be
achieved within stipulated time frame.
Similarities between leadership & management:
There are various similarities among leadership and management that is working in the
organisation are as follows:
 Both managers and leaders work towards attainment of organisational goals within
stipulated time frame and to meet targets of the company (Medcof, 2017).
 The leaders and managers focuses on motivating staff members by providing them
financial and non-financial benefits so that they can work with full potential towards
attainment of desired goals of the company. With reference to TESCO, its higher
authorities and leaders motivate workers on continuous basis which assist them to gain
positive outcomes which is beneficial for the company.
 There are various tools that is used by leader’s ad mangers to evaluate performance of
employees so that they can provide feedback to staff members that leads to improvements
and raise in efficiency of the organisation. The managers and leaders of TESCO uses 360
degree performance tool in order to gain information about performance of staff member
as it assist them to provide output in a proper manner.
 Both the management and leadership develop functional structure and foundation of the
company so that positive environment is provided to employees that leads to decline in
absenteeism rate and enhance performance of staff members working in the organisation.
Leadership and management both are concerned for organisational goals and put their
high efforts and energy in order to attain it on time period (Herman, 2016).
 Both management and leadership allocate resources in proper manner so that activities
can be implemented in an efficient and effective manner. The managers and its effective
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leaders emphasise on optimally utilising resources which help them to cut down their cost
and earn higher profits.
Theories of Leadership
Leadership is a procedure of channelizing energy of a people or a group of people
towards attainment of specific objectives, goals and vision as well (Mendenhall, 2017). There are
various leadership theories that is adopt by companies in order to enhance productivity to
achieve their desired goals in a proper as well as effective manner. The leadership theories is
defined below that is adopted by TESCO in order to attain objectives.
Trait Theory: This theory was proposed by Ralph M. stogdill in 1940s which determines
that every person must possess the personality characteristics and traits which are inherent by
birth in order to be an effective leader. This theory believes that an individual are either made or
born with qualities that will develop them as a leader. The qualities ae creativity, intelligence,
values, sense of responsibility and many more. Trait theory mainly emphasise on identifying
physical, social & mental characteristics in order to gain knowledge about what combination of
characteristics which is common between leaders. These theory involves categorised leadership
traits which are as follows:
Personality Traits: There are different level of personality of a leader and individual that
is categorised as honesty, patience, innovation, extraversion, reliable, motivation, agreeable and
so on.
Task related Traits: It include traits such as initiative, attainment drive, and
determination towards work, business expertise, decisiveness and many more (Eleonora, 2016).
Physiological Traits: This trait involves colour, appearance, weight, height and so on of a
leader.
Intellectual Traits: It is important for a leader to have intellectual skills as it assist them
to deal with situations in a proper manner. Intellectual traits include knowledge, ability to judge,
decisiveness, emotional attribute, intelligence etc.
Social characteristics: This traits plays an essential role in order to maintain good
relations with other staff members and people prevailing in the organisation. Cordiality, socially
active, cooperation are some of the social characteristics.
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Along with this, there are also traits that is considered in this theory are uniqueness,
creativity, ability to adapt changes, flexibility, charisma and many more (Herman, 2016). The
disadvantages of trait theory is it does not consider environmental factors that might not remain
same. In addition to this, it is determined that all the trait characters can be acquired by training
and learning that is considered as a drawback of this theory. In relation to TESCO, its leaders
and mangers adopt this theory which assist them to determine personality of employees in a
proper manner. With the help of this, company is able to delegate responsibility according to the
personality type of employees so that employees take interest in their working and work with full
zeal towards attainment of objectives within given time frame. Moreover, it also assist company
to increase their productivity and performance level in market that leads to raise in market
position and share of TESCO.
Contingency Theory: This leadership theory mainly emphasise on specific variables
related to environment that determine which specific leadership style is suited to the particular
situation. As per thus theory, there is no particular leadership style is suited to all the situations, it
is getting change as per the conditions and situations. It is determined that this theory is an
extension of trait theory that means human traits and behaviour is changed according to the
situation. It is determined that leaders mainly express their skill when they get a feel that
followers will give them response. In order to support this theory, there are different models is
developed which are as follows:
Hersey Blanchard situational theory: This theory signifies that leadership style depends on
maturity of employees or subordinates. This theory involves four styles which is mentioned
below:
Telling: This style suggest that it is important for an organisation to tell everything to
new employee about its authority and activities that is needed to perform (Martin, Edwards and
Sayers, 2018). For this, TESCO is provide training session to new employee in order to make
them understand about activities, policies, operations, tasks which is going to perform by new
candidate prevailing in the company.
Selling: Herein, leaders provide emotional as well as social support to the employees in
order to convince employee and teams to maximize their output level. The leaders of TESCO
motivate its staff members by providing them financial and non- financial benefits that directly
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leads to increase in productivity and performance of employees. This assist company to raise
efficiency and higher profits in an effective manner.
Delegating: This style signifies that it is important for companies to delegate authority to
employees after and analysing skills and ability as it help them to implement and perform
activities in a proper manner (Eleonora, 2016). With reference to TESCO, its leaders ensure that
task which is delegate to employees is of their interest so that they can work with full zeal to
achieve it.
Participating: This is defined as a democratic style where employees have the right to
take part in decision making process of the organisation. TESCO allow employees to involve in
decision making as it boost their morale and confidence level which has a positive impact on
sales and profits of the company.
From the above discussion, it is determined that adoption of contingency theory assist an
organisation to cope up with the uncertainties and to deal with situation in a proper manner.
Along with this, it helps an entity to enhance their performance and profitability level efficiently
and effectively.
Leadership development programme
Importance of Leadership
Leadership is defined as a process to instruct, motivate and support employees to attain desired
objectives and goals of company within given time frame. The main aim of leader is to
accomplish objective in stipulated period of time. Apart from this, the leader use appropriate
leadership technique and style to encourage the subordinates for executing their task and
activities in better way (Bratton, 2020). Beside from this, the leader make effective strategy for
identifying the need and requirement of employees which assists them in sustaining them for a
longer time period. And also they perform their work in such a manner in order to gain
competitive benefits over rival firm. In context of TESCO, the leader of this company adopt the
appropriate leadership style in order to execute the task within given time manner. In addition to
this, the leader provide direction its employees through sharing the vision of business
organisation. Also, they allow participation of staff member for better decision making. Theo
allot the task to its employees and observe them to perform work towards achieve the goal &
objective in a proper manner. It helps in boosting future success and growth of the company
within stipulated period of time. Therefore, the leadership is necessary for providing guidance to
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its employees towards their goal and objective. It motivates them to implement activities in
better way by completing the task on timely manner.
Importance of training and development
The training is necessary for increasing the skill, ability, competence and talent of
employees in order to perform their work in well-defined manner. It is important to organise
appropriate training and development session in order to accelerate their performance towards
achieving goal and objective of the business organisation (Ellis, 2018). Apart from this, the
training helps the employees in completing their task and activities in better way. It helps in
increasing the motivation and confidence level of employees towards work in a team for
executing work in proper manner (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). Due to work in a team, it
helps in maintaining positive environment at workplace. Also, it aid assistance in reducing the
conflicts and grievance which occur within the business organisation. It is essential for
companies to provide training and development session to employees that has positive influence
on productivity & profitability of company. With reference to TESCO, the leader of this
company encourage the employees towards their work that helps them in increasing more and
more revenue for increasing the success and development of the company. When t& d is
implemented, growth and success scale of business rises at rapid level. Thus, it is essential to
focus on training and development so that personnel in the firm, become well aware about their
roles and responsibilities and fulfil their duties in effective manner. Ways of adopting training
and development depend upon the need and requirement of enterprise. Thus, methods and
effective techniques are to be used so that employees understand their work and which leads to
positive outcome or say results. It enhance and motivates employees to achieve the assigned task
within a period of time.
The Mary Seacole Programme
Leadership is important for motivation, growth and development. So, NHS leadership
programme was implemented so that individual is able to perform and achieve goals as well as
objectives in proper manner. The Mary Seacole programme is development programme through
which skills and knowledge is developed at wider level. In this, time period of learning is 6
months and is carried out in appropriate manner. With help of this programme, individual
explore inner capabilities and leadership skills at wider level. In organisation, this can be used as
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important tool so that employees who have traits of leadership are analysed and identified. Also,
these leadership skills assist entities to survive in market for longer period of time.
Progress and performance level of person also get improved and enhanced which leads to
growth as well as overall development of both person and firm. Once the skills related to
leadership are imparted, personnel improve their management knowledge which is used
appropriately so that assigned work can be achieved within a period of time.
Structure of Programme
NHS leadership programme are different from each other and perform accordingly. In
these, guidelines and procedures are followed in proper manner so that process is carried out
smoothly and effectively. Mary Seacole programme is development procedure in which skills
and attributes related to leadership are improved as well as enhanced at both national and
international level. At starting, it describes why and how leadership is important to entity and
why it is used. This stage assists in knowing the value to lead within the firm. In second aspect,
programme identifies, analyse as well as examine particular individual who have attitude and
characteristics of influencing other people decision. This stage is crucial for both entities and
employees so that right skills are developed to right person. This help in determining the
functions and role of leadership which is to be performed without any errors and conflicts.
After this in third stage, responsibilities and task related to particular leader are defined
and explained broadly. This results in motivation and high morale towards learner who is
residing in the whole process. Learner, who is learning stage clarify all the queries and doubts in
this so that goals and objectives are achieved with positive outcomes. This involves open and
closed ended questions and it helps learner to put more effort in achieving the reliable output
within the firm. Further comes the fourth aspect, in which coordination, cooperation and
importance of team work knowledge as well as proper guidance is given to learner which assists
them in managing and maintaining themselves in the management and organisation. This is
necessary because in entities mission and vision can’t be achieved as individual. Thus, in
leadership it is essential that everyone works together so that goals are achieved within a given
period of time. A leader in the organisation, makes a group of people together so that bond and
trust is developed amongst the members and make ensures that conflicts does not arises. Then in
the fifth aspect, groups in team are divided so that understanding and mutual relationship takes
place between members. In the sixth stage, type of culture which is beneficial and suitable for the
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firm is analyses by leader. Culture play vital role in team building because stability of employees
depend upon the environment as well as culture within the organisation. It is duty of leader to
analyse team so that right tasks and activities are carried out effectively. Further arises the
seventh stage which comprises of identifying and examining learner progress as well
performance level and capability to handle things in enterprise. This is important so that
personnel ability to manage challenges and threats are analysed properly which helps in boost in
the growth of business. In the eighth aspect, learner explores techniques, tools and frameworks
of various functions and operations of management. Also, skills and information related to
finance are acquired by individual and which is necessary so that activities are performed in
better way.
Benefits of programme
Individual
The Mary Seacole programme is beneficial for both individual as well as organisation.
With help of this programme, it helps individual person because it develop skills, knowledge,
traits and motivation at wider level. Learner when going through this process is able to improve
and enhance their leadership skills which helps them in becoming leader within the firm. Also, it
assists in making them independent towards their decision and choice. Thus, effective decision
making is done by individual when this programme is adopted in appropriate manner. Motivation
as well as morale is enhanced and is used for achieving tasks within a period of time. Strength
and professional development is done when learner use this process and it help in overcoming
with challenges& threats. Learner as individual start developing themselves and wish to extend
their knowledge so that it can be used whenever there is a need and requirement. It is a ongoing
process and is to be acquired by learner in appropriate manner for future development.
Organisation
When this programme is used and adopted within the firm it assists management to
achieve vision and mission in effective manner. Entities use this programme so that all leaders
are able to improve and enhance their performance level in the organisation so that all the
functions and operations are performed with better understanding (Waters and Hightower, 2016).
In addition to this, positive relationship is developed between the members, leaders, and
enterprise. So, it leads to overall growth and development of organisation. Also, planning and
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decision making is done in appropriate manner. This assist in dealing with competitors as well as
rivals and help in making strategies and tactics in the business.
While going through this programme, leader is able to analyse the weaker section and
improve it by using tools and techniques. In organisation, success and growth of business
depends upon leader and leadership styles/ culture which is to be applied amongst team
members. Stability and satisfaction level of personnel get enhance at wider and broader level.
This also assist in implementing strategies and tactics which can be used in future as well as
present. New ideas and thought also get enhanced when these this programme is adopted by
entities which are used by leaders in effective manner.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussed topics, it has been examined that they both leadership and
management are interrelated to each other. They both are dependent on each other in order to
perform their work in better way. It is not possible for both of them to perform the work without
each other. In this report, the company adopt the leadership style in order to carry out the
business activities and functions in an effective manner. They mainly used two kind of
leadership style such as behavioural and contingency. In Behavioural leadership style, they
focuses on behaviour of leader to motivate the employees towards goal while, In Contingency
leadership style, the leader bring the innovative idea to perform the work in better way. In this
report, the NHS leadership program is taken named as Mary Seacole programme. Then they
recruit the Korn Ferry Hay Group for increasing the quality in management of the company. In
context of TESCO, the leader focuses on providing direction to tis employees for increasing the
satisfaction and motivation and reduces conflicts and grievances arise in company. They
maintain appropriate tactics for accomplishing vision of company the manager as well leader is
essential for boosting the sales and growth of the company in future period of time. In addition to
this, the company adopted effective leadership style which will be beneficial for the success of
business organisation. Apart from this, the leader provides direction to its staff member
regarding how they tackle their work in an effective manner in order to boost productivity as
well as profitability level. Apart from this, Mary seacole is a programme which is stuck in
authenticity and thus leads to real workplace application. This is the finest function across the
business entity to accomplish the goals and objectives.
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