Analysis of Leadership and Operations Management at Tesco: Report

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management, focusing on their practical application within the context of Tesco, a prominent international retailer. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct roles, characteristics, and orientations within an organization. The report then explores how leadership and management functions vary across different situational contexts, including stable, moderate, and fast-changing environments. It examines various leadership theories, such as situational leadership and systems theory, and their impact on decision-making and organizational behavior. Furthermore, the report analyzes key approaches to operations management, including Just-in-Time and Total Quality Management, and assesses their importance in achieving business objectives. The report concludes by evaluating the influence of the business environment on operational management and the decision-making processes of leaders and managers within Tesco. Overall, the report offers a comprehensive overview of leadership, management, and operations, providing valuable insights into how these elements contribute to the success of a large-scale retail organization.

Management and
Operations.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparison between the leader and manager with respect of their role and characteristics.
......................................................................................................................................................1
Lo2...................................................................................................................................................3
P2 Explain the role of leader along with function of manager in different situational context...3
P3 Apply different theories along with model of approaches .....................................................4
LO3..................................................................................................................................................5
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management along with role that is played by
leaders and managers...................................................................................................................5
P5 Evaluate the importance and value of operations management in achievement of business
objectives. ...................................................................................................................................7
LO4..................................................................................................................................................8
P6 Assessment of factors in business environment upon operational management and
decision-making of leaders along with managers........................................................................8
References .....................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation are the part of an organization which is had the concern with
proper designing and controlling of the process related to production and the redesigning of
business operation in terms of product and services. There are various function which are related
to the management of operation such as marketing, supply chain, finance along with human
resource's development. It is turns out to be an important part in company as it has to handle the
issue which includes the operation and maintenance of the system used in production process.
TESCO is the British international groceries along with the general merchandise retailer
ballistically known for the hypermarket. In this repost there will discussion between the leader
and manager with respect of their role and characteristics along with role and function of
manager and leaders with different situational context. The report will also have the discussion
on factors in business environment upon operational management and decision-making of
leaders and the key approaches to
Operations management. Different theories and key approaches will be discussed in respect of
achievement of business objectives.
LO1
P1 Comparison between the leader and manager
The leaders and manger are the two important aspect of the company which can be used
interchangeable in the organization. But on the other hand, the trait are totally different is
respective aspect of manager and leaders. Manager in the organization is one which ensures to
get work done, have focus on day to day task along with managing the activities of others.
Manger used to have the focus on tactical activities along with having more of directive and
controlling approach. Leaders is the one who have the skill to motivate group of people towards
the achievement of particular goals.
Particulars Leader manager
Orientation The leaders in Tesco are the vision
oriented and which thinks about the
future of the company(Heizer Render
and Munson, 2017). The leader has the
long term goals achievement vision for
The manager is the
organization is always had
process oriented approach. The
manager has the thinking over
the organization effectiveness
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the company. and efficiency.
Roles Leaders are the proud disrupters along
with that innovation their actual mantra.
The leaders are more interest towards
the change so that they could have the
better way forward in the motivation
organization as well as employees.
The manager is rigid to their
work styles , refining systems ,
structure and the process to
make better approach towards
the mission and vision of
organization.
Responsibilities. The leaders have Responsibilities To
have active approach toward decision-
making process in company, leaders are
having less hesitation in making decision
at any aspects.
The manger has the selective
and cautious approach towards
the decision-making as there is
large level of dependency over
superiors to take decision.
Staff Leaders are the staff oriented as they feel
like motivating their employees towards
organizational goals along with personal
objective that can be accomplished
through the path.
The managers in Tesla are
more of career oriented as they
only enforce employee to
move towards the
organizational goal's ad
objectives.
authority The leaders have to go through
thorough critical analysing of situation.
The leaders has the authority in order to
take decision by listening both the
aspect of parties. The leaders act as the
arbitrager in conflict management of
company.
The manager in company have
less authority as compare to
leaders. There is level of
avoidance the avoidance
towards the conflict in the
organization. The manger
never concerns it as the part of
role and responsibility.
Trust The leaders have always the
characteristic that they used to trust their
employees and vice versa.
The manager is always been
unclear regarding the trust
aspect of employees or vice
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versa.
Communication The leaders in company have the
involvement in the staff decision-making
along with active participation by getting
suggestion from employees seriously to
have important decision-making in
company.
The manger is selective in
listening and involvement of
employees during the
important decision-making
process of organization
Protection The protection related query of the staff
in terms of leaders is that it will always
be protected towards the employees and
have the motivation to move towards
achievement of organization goals.
The manger is Tesla will
always try to protect
themselves as the priority
level(Karlsson 2016). The
main aim of manager is to
have the lookout regarding
proper management of work.
Power Leaders have the power to control whole
team and give them direction.
Managers have the power to
give assistance and can change
the obejective with the upper
level concern.
Lo2
P2 Explain the role of leader
Tesco organization for the various improvement and changes of operation. There area
varied types of traits and characteristic in function of management and leadership(Uhl and
Gollenia 2016). There are the changes' infractor and many more of concepts that have the
initiation of knowledge in managerial activity. There are various situations which have the focus
on the organization effectiveness which includes all about the three situation-
Stable situational- tin these change the organization will be prone towards any further
changes which are having the influence in purpose of Tesco to maintain the relationship if
stability. In this the manger of the organization will be relaxed and have the perspective of
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monitoring situation. On the other hand leaders will take advantage of situation and have the
better research and development for the purpose of innovation.
Moderate situation- in the moderates' situation there will be the slight changes in which
the completion will not be offended. There will be rising of the certain factors which are having
the influence over the factor that are moderately taking place. In these scenarios the manager
have the proper planning and organizing of various goals' achievement strategies in organization.
On the other hand the leaders start taking active participation by getting suggestion from
employees seriously to have important decision-making in company.
Fast changing situation- this refers to the scenario that the there is rapid change in the
purpose of organization with different up and downs according the external market environment.
This types turns out to be difficult task for manager to manges the situation in which they
always try to protect themselves at the priority level as Their main aim is to have the lookout
regarding proper management of work. On the other hand the leader's comes out with flying
colours as the adverse situation as leader will try to have the motivation of the employees by
providing them the personal assistance and moving towards the organizational gaols and their
respective personal objectives.
Tesco have the adopted the moderate approach in the purpose of an organization in which there
is the various handling of situation benefit, the company is one for the popular organization so
there is impact along with relative purpose on benefits of organization(Song and Parola 2015).
The function of the manger according too henry fayol is about-
Planning the manager function is about the having the organizational analysis in present
moderate scenario through the use of various planning techniques which can be such as the
allocation of budget, workforce availability and decision taking process.
Organizing – for the purpose of TESCO group the coordination is to be maintained by the
manger to bring stability for the economic development and the taste and preference to increase
the productivity.
Leading- the leading function in TESCO is regarding the motivation and leading of employees
to high level of growth and utilization of resources and the demand in the market.
Controlling- TESCO have the entailing regarding the preparation of controlling interns of
internal management, staff recruitment and the reviewing of policies by adapting new level of
technology in effective and effective ways.
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P3 Apply different theories along with model of approaches .
There are various types of the leadership style that are prevailing in the market which includes
various of the model and approaches related to various aspect of organization. They have there
respective influence to the company in the basic appropriate manner and the further implication
that can be driven in activity.
Situational leadership theory- which was practice by Paul Hershey and Ken Blanchard to initiate
in organizational behaviours along with working culture of employees(Gibson and Parkman
2018). This theory has been known as the life cycle theory for the results. According to this
leadership style the performance readiness is has to be evaluated on the basis of the different
situation. Tesco has the ability to have the acceptance of the leadership as the factor of
evaluation in various situation in order to have the recommendation ion regards of various
actions. According to Blanchard and Hersey this situational leadership theory is based on two
concepts first is leadership and second is the development level of the follower. This theory is
based on the organisational behaviour. TESCO adopt this situational leadership theory for
controlling the variable situations and for improving the decision-making system of the
managers and employees which helps in developing the co-ordination and growth of the
organisation. This theory is also known as life cycle theory.
The next is about the discussion of the system theory which have the inclusion of organizational
phenomena to take various actions which is to be followed by interdisciplinary system and
temporal scale of business. The system theory have the emphasis on the convention and concept
which used to have the consistency of two active and two passive systems. In the organization
TESCO the employees has been motivated by the will results which are been extend for the
worldwide.
On the other hand the contingency have the explantation in purpose of organization influence on
decision-making. This situation is more dependent on the optimal position with extent of
contingent position. For the right situation in leadership this is highly relatively positioned. This
theory has the influence over the TESCO group in taking the decision and handing the situation
relatively accepted to the current situation of company. With this approach there are varied
characteristics influences having the reflection of the system leadership styles along with.
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LO3
P4 key approaches to operations management along with role that is played by leaders and
managers.
Just in time - In management that manages and alignment of raw material order to
suppliers directly in time. This ,method requires s mangers of tesco to forecast exactly and with
accuracy(Nakagawa NEC Corp 2015). The goal of the just in time method reduces the cost by
decreasing the overhead inventory expenses. This method teaches managers to aware at every
situation because as Tesco is third top retailer in the world selling
Groceries all over the world so this becomes hard for managers to operates the inventory
management. In this method inventory is pulled, when sales activities warrant more from the
production and more supplies are ordered. Tesco managers at production sites maintain the pull
and push of the sales and production and supply at the same time.
Total quality management (TQM) - is a strategic planning give organisation competition
in the market. It focuses on the meeting the need of the consumers with achievement of the
organisational goal. TESCO has to face such challenges like quality management and strategic
planning(Hitt and Carnes 2016). Involvement in strategic planning where leaders participation
from all the departments will make a affect in the organisation. Quality management is the main
process where company needs to focus on. Monitoring plays a wise role in quality
management, leaders of Tesco in every departments of production monitored all tasks and
altered to meet implementation goals. Leaders analyse the data, process in the production and
verifies the quality of the product and then necessary changes to more implementation by
leaders proves more efficient. Managers do not infatuate with process of the quality and the
tools of the method it outlived every time of the production and managers follow the same
function with accuracy and make the implementation more efficient.
Kaizen- is an approach where incremental changes are made in business to improve the quality.
Introducing in the business constantly. Managers have roles to play in the organisation,
according to Tesco this approach assumes that employees are the best option where mangers
have the room for improvement, they see all the processes in action all the time. Tesco use this
approach kaizen where leader follow the lead, this approach has a culture to encourage the
employees for their contribution in the process(Ravindran 2016 ). Approach says that
compatible with the team or production process needs improvement in regular intervals. In
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kaizen approach there are only small changes rather than major changes , which is a duty for
leaders to solve it as fast as they can. Capital investments on small changes requirement is less
likely to require. Leaders make changes as per the requirement of the employees should
continually be seeking ways to improve their performances. Employees are directly related with
production process tesco has large plants and large plant occupy large number of employees. So
the changes constantly introducing incremental changes need large amount of funds so kaizan
approach will be less successful for tesco mangers.
P5 Achievement of business objectives.
For the achievement of the business objectives approaches like total quality
management and just in time, kaizan approaches have major importance in the business which
provides the right path towards the achievement of business objectives.
just in time - this approach have its own importance in inventory management as firm
producing product and services this model provides help to manufacturers reduce their overhead
expenses. Efficient supply of chain can be decrease the costs of manufacturing process and this
can low the cos and this can be passed to the customers. Just in time helps organisation to
increase their product and services efficiently. Just in time helps in reduce the waste in the
production process. By using pull approach production will be cost effective(Ravindran 2016 ).
It also gives material requirement planning system to push system inventory. a great approach of
the operation's management. It is an inventory strategy in this method inputs or materials are
only received when they are actually desired in the manufacturing process. By this process
employee effectively increases their efficiency and also reduce the cost of inventory by saving
money on overhead expenses for the aspect of the operation's management.
Total quality management(TQM) importance for business objective . It is more consistent in
increasing efficiency of product and services. It helps company to improve the reliability,
durability and performance of product. With effective and better product provide happy customer
and best revenue. Quality management helps company to achieve there ultimate goal which is
greater satisfaction to the customers. In today's competitive market due to advance of technology
consumer can choose from thousands of brands and access them all according to customers
wish, as customers are getting very demanded nowadays so quality management is the most
important part. Total quality can implement in organisation and it lows the cost of production
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and it increases the profits. Quality management can reduce the costs and increase the profit.
Total quality management reduce risks, product quality can reduce risk or it can also increase it.
Quality management helps organisation in reducing risk factor from the business if the quality of
the product is beyond customer's imagination or expectations then it will help organisation and
increase its sales. Quality management practices can also reduce the human errors and improves
business support activities(Yabuki NEC Corp 2015). There will be guideline for the employees
which shows the proper quality management process and this must be followed. It also helps
company to have a competition where quality management provides its guideline for doing
things correctly.
Kaizan importance in the achievement of the organisational goals. It helps in waste reduction
where company always want to improve things which can be done by the optimisation of this
kaizan model. Its helps in productivity with reduction of waste will ultimately give them
productivity. Its is helps in result orientation which is result oriented which marked the limits of
the resource use in the production. It helps in maintaining quality by optimum use of resources.
It is cost advantageous with everything working in high efficiency. It helps in competitive
advantage firm who follow kaizen gain advantage because they are continuously making
perfection in there work. It gives safety of the employee's satisfaction. Freedom In workforce
can empower the employees. Satisfaction and happy place in organisation for employees so they
can create a difference in the business.
LO4
P6 Assessment of factors in business environment
PEST analysis is used as strategic planning tool. It helps organisation to identify
political, economic, social and technological factors. That effect the organisation. This PEST
analysis will show the operational management and decision making of leaders.
Political- in political factor there are some restrictions for an organisation which can affect them
there are some issues which can affect the manager in decision making and the production
department faces such problems according this political factor. Business production will suffer
with government policy if the tax policy , laws, trade restrictions, consumer protection laws,
political stability these factors can effect a managers and leaders to make there decision and
same as well with operational management if the laws and trade restrictions can fail the
forecast of the leaders which make whole organisation to suffer. If the leader source some
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funding for the operational management and if the political factors effect funding then it is a
cause and drawback for them.
Economic factors- those factors which affect the economical condition of organisation and the
growth rates, seasonal factors, international exchange rates. Consumers , unemployment rates
these are the factors which influence the organisation operational environment according to the
economic factors, like if company if dealing company like Tesco who is dealing with grocers
product all over the world and leaders of Tesco has some issues like monetary policies and
labour rates differ in every country so there mangers have to forecast the rates and decision
making for the operational management. Economic factors will affect company and leaders to
move forward.
Social factors- factors which affect the attitudes, behaviours and trends which can impact on
the organisation and target market. Attitudes shared beliefs about a range of factors including
money,customers services, imports, religion, cultural taboos, health, work leisure, population
growth and demographics, immigration, family, lifestyle, trends these factors affect the whole
social base of the organisation and put the leader in that situation where they take decision
making for organisation growth. Customer belief is the important value which influence their
buying habits.
Technological factor- technological factors which affect the company. Technology and
communications infrastructures, legislations around technology competitor for the company and
development and managers and leaders has to take an eye every time on the emerging
technologies and automation, research and innovation intellectual property regulation,
technology incentives etc are these factors which influences the market and for these
technological factors leaders have to take some effective decisions for the development of
company.
CONCLUSION
In this project file it defines and explains the role of leaders and functions of leader which
influence organisation in different stages of the business. Total quality management and just in
time model and kazian model which explained the managers and leader of tesco how they
behave and operates the problems and on what conclusion they provide on every situation. After
that full political, economical, technological and social affect the organization production on
that conditions what major steps did leader take on in different situations. It also shows how to
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improve the leadership skills and what are the leadership skills of the Tesco leader and
managers.
Which conclude that managers and leader is futuristic and he or she has to think in advance and
should be proactive.
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