Leadership and Management in Retail: A Case Study of TESCO

This report delves into the roles of managers and leaders within the context of TESCO, a leading retail company. It begins by defining and differentiating between the roles and characteristics of managers and leaders, highlighting their respective responsibilities in planning, decision-making, and employee motivation. The report then examines the functions of a manager according to Fayol's principles, including planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling, and how these functions are applied within TESCO. Different leadership styles, such as situational and contingency leadership, are explored, emphasizing their importance in adapting to various situations within the retail environment. Furthermore, the report analyzes the role of a store manager as an operations manager, outlining the key responsibilities and the significance of operations management in ensuring efficiency and profitability. Finally, it identifies and assesses the external factors impacting operations management and their influence on decision-making within TESCO.

Management and Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
A. Different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...............................................3
B. The function of manager according to Fayol how a manager performs these functions.......5
C Various types of leadership styles followed............................................................................7
TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Explain different approaches to operations management.....................................................9
2.2 Explain what makes your role as a store manager a classic example of an operations
manager.....................................................................................................................................10
2.3 Explain the importance of operation management in your store........................................12
2.4 Identify and assess the key outside factors of operations management..............................13
2.5 How are these factors impact upon your decision making as a store manager?.................14
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Manager and leader have vital role in the organisation. Management is the process
where manager handle different department at various level in the organisation and operations
are handled by the leaders who motivate employees for better workforces. Leader directs the
company employee to work with better strategies and motivate them. In this study it is briefly
described about manager and leader roles and there characteristics. Also, evaluated in this study
to different theories for different leadership (Asgari, and et.al. 2016). Moreover, it discusses
about key approaches of management in the organisation with leaders and manager. Also
includes different function for manger. From this study organisation selected is TESCO.
TASK 1
A. Different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Definition of Manager and Leader :
Manager – This is a person who manage organisation works, evaluate new techniques
and implement them, Also, takes decision on any situational condition and develops objective
and common goals to be achieved .
Leader- Leader motivates other employees and develops new techniques. Leader
increases employees work performance. Also, distributes different roles and responsibility
according to their work experience and provide right direction to achieve specific goals.
Role of Manager and Leader:
Manager- Different organisation have different roles of managers. Managers develop
pre-determined plans for future development Strategies and polices. Managers have quality to
takes decision on the right time in right places. It helps in business growth and achieved
objective for organisation (Feng and Hu 2018). This will helps for perfect decision making by
the managers in the company. Managers have quality for performance appraisal that perform task
and implement regular times intervals.
Leader- This type of position in organisation have main focused on to employee
developed and their work performance. Leader influence employees by motivation techniques
for improves employees performance in the organisation (Gido, Clements, and Clements, 2014).
Also, leader works with their employees for achieved organisation goals and objectives.
Characteristic of manager and leader

Managers- This role is focused on managing the team and groups of employees.
Managers implements new ideas in the company. It can sometimes even be focused on efforts
outside of true people management. Mangers nature for authority to takes decision in the
company. They ensure to mange the task and follow up for very single organisation department.
Leader- They inspire and motives employees to drive themselves. Leader are adopt in
the art of emotional intelligence and apply it in a way that attains the best work out of their
people. Good leadership skills is to handle different situation and takes goals to achieved the
organisation objectives.
Difference between manager and leader
Basis Manager Leader
Meaning Manager is a person who focused on all
activity, decision making process,
developed new techniques, planing,
direction, coordination and manage
employees workforces.
Leader motivates employees for
effective work performance and
gives works according to the
capability of employee.
Aim Managers aim to achieved the
organisation objectives.
Leader focused on develop and
growth of its team employees.
Focused Manager focused on things. Leader focused on people
(employees of its team)
Risk Manager is a risk taker Leader is to minimizes risk.
Decision Managers is to making decision. Leaders is to follows mangers
decision and implements on its
work.
strategies Manager creates strategies Leader implement strategies
Roles  Mangers of TESCO will help in
planning, organizing and
coordinating.
 They assign duties to each and
 Developing new strategies
in order to achieve goals
of a company.
 Motivate and guide

every individual of a company.
 Check whether work is done on
time or not.
 Train employees in order to
enhance their working
performance.
employees for their better
performance.
 Help to building up
morale that further leads
to attain objectives.
 Have clear vision which
aid to achieve targeted
goals.
Characteristic  Have good communication skills
with deep knowledge.
 Good time management that help
to lead a team in well defined
manner.
 Strong confidence towards their
work and good management
system.
 Honesty
 creativity and innovation
skills.
 Have positive attitude
towards a work.
 Strong commitment and
ability to inspire
employees.
TESCO is a retail company. This company is UK based and operates in super market,
hypermarket, superstore and convenience shop that provides customer different products and
services (Hasegawa, NEC Corp, 2017). This company is the 3rd largest retail company in the
world. There are different role and policies in TESCO managers. Every store manager of
TESCo have responsibility to mange all the activites in store, ordering different products for new
arrival, and also manage new techniques to implements in the store of TESCO. Leader in
TESCO to development for the employees for effective work performance. Leader motives
employees for better performance in future development.

B. The function of manager according to Fayol how a manager performs these functions
There are five function of managers by Henry feyol.
Planning – This function is primary for every organisational manager. It includes
developing new ideas at different levels of the company (Higuchi, NEC Corp, 2016). Managers
innovate new things to developing organisation objective. It helps to face upcoming challenges
by the manager. Different managers works on short-term goals. Managers plans to developed
new objective and set goals in every individual department in the organisation.
Example – TESCO have different retail stores and mangers. Every store have own
objective and goals managers plans to set every individual employees objective.
Organizing - this function is taken by manger after developing plan. It involves
sufficient capital, staff and raw materials. It helps to run organisation smoothly. Manages need to
knows about what types of requirement in the organisation is to development for effectively
(Kato, NEC Corp, 2014). This will helps to develop number of functions and expand
organisation horizontal and vertical levels. When the number of function increases, organisation
changes according to requirement of different levels department.

Example – TESCO managers focused on new arrivals to up to date its store, so result is
that more customer attracted and selling will be increases in store. Organize different activity for
employees for betterment their working performance.
Directing – Successful managers have integrity, communicate clearly and bases their
decision on regular audits. They are capable of motivating a team and encouraging employees to
take initiatives. managers gives training to employees and directing for achieving the goals and
objectives. Manages guide different department that how they achieved their objective and goals.
Example- Managers give direction to their employees to how to achieved the
organisation objectives. Also assigned the different project and discussing with the employee.
Coordinating- Positive influencing of employees behaviour is important in this
organized of function of managers. Co-ordination aim to motivates and discipline within the
group dynamics. This require clear communication and good leadership. Manager have
responsibility to coordinates with the employees for effective working performance (Asgari, and
et.al. 2016). Communicating with different level of department help manager to developing
effective organisation decision.
Example – Retail industry have different challenges, managers have quality to
coordinates with there employee to perform effective managerial decision.
Controlling- This step is important for managers to controlled all the department activity
are carried out in conformity with plan. establish performance standers based on organisational
objectives. Measure and report on actual performance. Compare results with performance and
standers. Its take corrective or preventive measures as needed.
C Various types of leadership styles followed
Situational leadership-the situational leadership store manager to flexible use their
leadership quality which are based on situation. TESCO retail store situations rapidly changes, in
such case maintaining the motivation of team is important. TESCO leader must adopt unique and
different leadership qualities to create better team which performance effectively. This is based
on the situational management to operates the business with effective solution in the
management. This roles help to developed the organisation for taking any risk on the
organisational effectiveness Explain what makes your role as a store manager a classic example
of an operations manager

An operation manager plays a very importance role in the organisation. It manager both raw
martial and personnel in the organisation. Tesco, is one of the leading retailer organisation in the
world. Therefore, manager should be highly skilled and should perform all the functions very
effectively. Manager has to perform many tasks in the organisation like maintaining the record of
purchases and supplies, maintain inventory and also sees assignment of employees(Smith. And
et.al 2014). The manages also helps all the other department of the organisation. They role is
very wide in the organisation and all the department comes under the manager. Some roles of
managers are as following:
 Goal-setting: Here operation manager set goals and objective for various department in
the organisation. Also, direct there employees and guide them at every level of work.
They motive employees to work more effectively and efficiently in the organisation.
There duties are not only limited to there employees but as to perform many more
function in the organisation. There duties involve planning future sale and sales
promotion.
 Communication: operation manager requires good communication and interpersonal
skill. Company believes that manager should have good command of there
communication skill. Therefore, can help different department to work together and can
achieve the goal together. Manager is responsible for creating positive culture where
employee can work properly and on time. They also help top level management in taking
decision related to operation department of the organisation.
 Financial management: operational manager of Tesco has set as example for all the
other managers in the world(McKinney. J.B. 2015). By controlling the cost of production
and increasing the sales of organisation. By make strategies according to the requirement
of the organisation. They check financial statement of all the department and bring
changes according to it. They focus on profit maximisation of the organisation with
reduction in the cost of production. So, that there organisation can be world top leading
retail industry. They also help top level management in taking decision related to
investment. Operational manager of Tesco has set benchmark for other manager in the
world (Feng and Hu 2018). depend on the situation that affects the organisation in
effective ways. Situational leadership helps to understand the organisation effectiveness
for the quality in the controlled for the effectively use for situational leadership. Its

depend on the organisation effectiveness that proves for the better quality in the
organisational. It depend on the organisation effectiveness to proves the corrective
decision on variable units in the organisation.
Contingency leadership – this theory of leadership was developed by feidler. It states
that the success or failure of leaders depends upon the internal and external situation. It aim is to
make strategic decision for the growth of the TESCO retail store. It help TECSO to work under
different external factor. This leadership works under every situation. Its depend on the
organisation effective solution to handle different stargates for corrective decision making in the
organisation effectiveness. its depend on the organisation to improves the different quality for
effective decision making process. It improves contingency to corrective decision making
process this helps for the continuity for effective solution in the organisation. This will corrects
the organisation for effective solution in creative ways for variable units. It depend on the
organisation to evaluates different structure to operates the different variation in the employees
for effective solution.
System leadership- this leader is focused on facilitate the condition within other can
make progress for effective social challenges. Any individual in any organisation, across sector
and formal levels of authority, it can be system leaders. This systematic leadership helps to
develop the authority to influencing the quality for effective challenges in the organisation. This
will make system leadership for effective challenges in the organisation correctiveness. System
leadership is basically preoperative nature to handle the quality for the different effectiveness in
the organisation (Gido, Clements, and Clements, 2014 ). Its is depend on the quality for the
corrective decision making process. This will helps to understand to takes decision on the
different level for the effective challenges. Its depend on the organisation for effective challenges
for approaches in the organisation. This will helps for they effective solution to evaluation for
effective solution in the organisation. For conducting the organisation to gives effective solution
to the implementation of variable units of outputs. This will depend on the organisation for
effective challenges for difference situation on the organisation correctiveness. This will helps to
developed the organisation effectiveness for variable units. Different behaviour helps to
developing the quality for effective solution in the variable department in the organisation

TASK 2
2.1 Explain different approaches to operations management.
Transactional leadership- in this theory in TESCO help their partners to understand the
different benefits of participation to accomplish goals. System leaders ensure that the partner
works together in new ways. TESCO leaders build a sense of trust and relationship for the
effectiveness. This will depend on the different market assumption for taking the levels to
cresting the solutions in the market situation for effective solution in the market. It depend on the
market assumption for creates the organisation effectiveness for implements the organisation
transfection. This will demand on to correct the organisation effectiveness into the quality in the
organisation (Hasegawa, NEC Corp, 2017). It depend on the different market procedure to
evaluates the organisation effectiveness to developed the corrective decision. Any transactional
behavioural helps to develops the organisation in different situation. It creates the organisation
effectiveness to development on the corrective decision for correctiveness. This will be help for
the corrective decision to take responsible for effective condition in the organisation.
Trait leadership- this is the theory which puts its measure consideration over quality
and providing shape to the leader that each things can performed effective. The trait character is
based on both term successful and unsuccessful. Its depend on the organisation effectiveness for
the betterment leaders in the organisation. It depend on the business for effective solution to
takes advantage in different ways for the organisation correctiveness. It depend on the trait
leadership to handle for corrective environmental effectiveness for correct decision for
considering the coefficients lave for the organisation (Higuchi, NEC Corp, 2016). The value
chain of operation developed the organisation effectiveness for development to authority to
crests the values of different laves for the organisation effectiveness entreat helps to developed
the organisation with effective manner in the organisation correctiveness. Its depend on the
different suture for crates the organisation with the effectively use for the corrective environment
to the development on the organisation. Different organisation helps to sustain the organisation
with effectiveness for the correction.
Total Quality Approach: It is a operational management theory that help to improve
quality of offered products in TESCO. Company uses this theory in order to amend products
quality because this theory is focused on customers demand and keep involve employees in order
to take right decision for the welfare of a quoted company. Basically this approach is adopt by

TESCO in order to gain high competition in market by continuous improvement of quality of
products and services. It is based upon following principle:
 Process centred
 Integrated system
 Strategic and systematic approaches
 Continual improvements
 Customers focused
 Communication
From all operational theories, TESCO uses TQM approach in order to gain high
competition in market. Using this, a quoted company will easily improve quality of offered
products and sustaining its brand image in market.
2.2 Explain what makes your role as a store manager a classic example of an operations manager
An operation manager plays a very importance role in the organisation. It manager both
raw martial and personnel in the organisation. Tesco, is one of the leading retailer organisation in
the world. Therefore, manager should be highly skilled and should perform all the functions very
effectively. Manager has to perform many tasks in the organisation like maintaining the record of
purchases and supplies, maintain inventory and also sees assignment of employees(Smith. And
et.al 2014). The manages also helps all the other department of the organisation. They role is
very wide in the organisation and all the department comes under the manager. Some roles of
managers are as following:
Goal-setting: Here operation manager set goals and objective for various department in
the organisation. Also, direct there employees and guide them at every level of work. They
motive employees to work more effectively and efficiently in the organisation. There duties are
not only limited to there employees but as to perform many more function in the organisation.
There duties involve planning future sale and sales promotion..
Communication: operation manager requires good communication and interpersonal
skill. Company believes that manager should have good command of there communication skill.
Therefore, can help different department to work together and can achieve the goal together.
Manager is responsible for creating positive culture where employee can work properly and on

time. They also help top level management in taking decision related to operation department of
the organisation.
Financial management: operational manager of Tesco has set as example for all the
other managers in the world(McKinney. J.B. 2015). By controlling the cost of production and
increasing the sales of organisation. By make strategies according to the requirement of the
organisation. They check financial statement of all the department and bring changes according
to it. They focus on profit maximisation of the organisation with reduction in the cost of
production. So, that there organisation can be world top leading retail industry. They also help
top level management in taking decision related to investment. Operational manager of Tesco
has set benchmark for other manager in the world.
Characteristic of Store manager:
 A good store manager are customer focused and have an ability to lead a team in more
effective way.
 They are quite process oriented person and help superior authority in deciding price for
each products that are manufactured.
 They also keep updating inventory system in order to let know what products are
consumed in frequent way.
 Have deep knowledge related to marketing and maintain good relationship with
customers and try to know their demand.
 Make strategic planning in order to increase company's profitability as well as
productivity.
2.3 Explain the importance of operation management in your store
Operation management is that area of business activities which helps the organisation in
controlling and designing the product. This function of management plays the major role in
every organisation. They also deal with supply chain, marketing, convert input into output and
on day to day production of good and services. Tesco company is the best example of operation
and management function. This organisation's mainly focuses on there customer's and aim at
providing the best quality to there customers( Asgari and et.al. 2016). There work on improving
quality of there goods and services, reduce cost and make supply chain more strong. The
importance of operation management are as following: