Leadership and Management Approaches in Tesco's Operational Context

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and leadership roles within Tesco's operational context. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of managers and leaders, followed by examining how these roles apply in various situations. The report then applies different leadership theories and models, including situational leadership, system leadership, and contingency theory, to Tesco's operations. Furthermore, it explains key approaches to operations management, such as Six Sigma and Total Quality Management, and the role managers and leaders play in their implementation. The report also assesses the impact of the business environment on operational management and decision-making processes, highlighting the importance of effective leadership and management in achieving business objectives. This student contributed the assignment to Desklib, a platform providing study tools for students.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a manager and leader............1
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the functions of a manager apply in
different situations context..........................................................................................................2
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, system
leadership and contingency..........................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................7
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that manager and leader
play..............................................................................................................................................7
P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving the business
objective.......................................................................................................................................8
P6 Access the factors within the business environment that impact upon the operational
management and decision making process by managers and leaders.......................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Comparison between leadership and management............................................................1

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Management role..............................................................................................................3
Figure 2: leadership style.................................................................................................................6

TASK 1
INTRODUCTION
In this report different function and roles of managers and leaders is studies along with a
competition between them. Tesco is retail store proving various service of retailing in UK and
several countries. The structure of management defines the employees that manage all the
actions of the organisation. In Tesco, HR manager is responsible for managing all the activities
of employees and details associated with them. The appointed CEO manages and monitors all
the activities of all the executive directors. The report also discusses about different types of
approaches along with theories are which can be adopted to get effective results in the
organisation is studied.
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a manager and leader
Leadership is referred to an activity that is persuaded for leading a group though motivation for
achieving a goal or objective. On the other hand a manager is a person who is in charge of group
performing a particular task. Leader is responsible for leadership whereas manager controls net is
the management process of an organisation (Algahtani, 2014). Being a leader indicated that he
leads and the process of managing is done by other while manager has the responsibility of
understanding the vision that the leader has and work as per it for achieving the objective
efficiently. Some of the comparison between manager and leader has been stated below:
1. Leader is responsible for creating vision while manager create a goal for the team.
2. Leaders are always unique in their characteristics to perform and to lead a team where as
manager tends to mimic competencies from observing others.
3. A leader never hesitates in taking a risk while performing a task. A manager on other
hand tries to control and monitors the occurrence of risk (Thorpe, 2016. ).
4. Leader works mainly in making relationship both personal and professional with the co-
workers and stuff while manager focuses in setting goals and processes for the
organisation.
1

Table 1: Comparison between leadership and management
SL.
NO
COMPARISON
PARAMETER
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
1 Definition It is a skill where other
people are led though
examples.
It is considered as an art
where things and people are
coordinated and organized
for completing a work
efficiently.
2 Execution Motivation and inspiration Solving Problem and
controlling
3 Emphasis on People are inspired Activities are managed
4 Basis Trust Control
5 Power Manipulative/ influential Rule and dominative
6 Strategies Practical reactive
7 Focus Change is Encouraged To bring work stability
8 Formulation Guidelines and principles Procedure and policies
9 Perspective Appropriate foresightedness
is required.
Very short range perspective.
10 Outcome Works for producing
effective chances.
Works for producing a
predictability degree, and
result to fulfil the expectation
of different stakeholder of
the organization (Cascio,
2018)
2

P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the functions of a manager apply in
different situations context
In different situation within the organisation and outside a leader or a manger has to perform
various role and function accordingly. Some of them have been discussed below:
Organizing: In Tesco, a manager needs to organise and utilise all the available resource
efficiently for fulfilment of organisational goals and objectives whereas, it is the leader who has
to allocate all the resources in an effective manner among the stuff though proper motivation
(Renz and Herman, 2016).
Planning: A leader and manager should work together for planning and building a plan for risk
management. A manager plans and sets the objective while leader communicates the goal to the
stuff member.
Coordinating: For achieving efficient result all the organisational function must be coordinated.
It is the responsibilities of a manager to allocated and define various function and distribute them
among different department so that appropriate outcome can be accomplished. In the same
context, a leader needs to implements all the function with proper communication (Bolman and
Deal, 2014).
Mintzberg has divided the work of manager into three categories namely interpersonal role,
informational role and lastly decisional role. The main purpose of developing these roles were to
study the
Figure 1: Management role
3
Management
Role
Interpersonal
role
Informational
Role
Decisional
Role

Interpersonal Role:
Main purpose of this role of a manager is to provide important ideas and information. It concerns
to establish proper communication and interaction between the manager and other stuff within
the organization.
The Figurehead: All formal duties are performed. Being the departmental head a manager need
to represent the organization externally and internally (Răducan and Răducan, 2014).
The Leader: It is the main role of a manager to encourage and motivate all the employees under
him.
The Liaison: Manager also serves as a mediator between the high and low level workers in an
organization. A manager is also responsible to contact outside with other department,
organization and government representative forming an external network.
Informational Role:
According to this role of a manager, he is responsible of receiving, collecting and distributing
information to subordinates and other managers.
The Monitor: A manager collects information through thorough scanning of the environment
internally and externally.
The Disseminator: As a disseminator, manager passes confidential information to subordinates
and stuff members directly.
The Spokesperson: Spokesperson is a person who shares information outside the organization
regarding performance, policies etc.
4

Decisional Role:
Manager of an organization is responsible of making various decisions for the organization.
The Entrepreneur: Manager must work for improvement of the organization by instigating
projects, design, changes and strategies.
The Disturbance Handler: Manager must respond to any kind unexpected breakdown.
The Resource Allocator: Decisions of resource allocations are made by the Manager.
The Negotiator: manager is answerable for assigning resources of the organization in real-time.
Manager signifies organizational interest
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, system
leadership and contingency
Leadership traits theory refers to the theories with regards to social, physical, intellectual and
personality traits which are capable of differentiating a leader from other non-leaders. It is used
to forecast the effectiveness of a leadership. The leadership trait is on the basis of theories of
great people both successful and unsuccessful. However, it is systematic approach of analysing
the leaders proving constructive information about leadership. The list of traits found as a result
are then compared the trait lists of potential leaders so that rate of failure or success can be
assessed.
In Tesco, organisation has applied chaos theory that focuses mainly on various changes in the
market. The response of both leader and managers are made according to that changes made and
strategies and planning are done with respect to the chances made (Landis et al 2014). Issues of
operations are sorted through managing the organisational objective by effective process of
decision making with all the co-workers and subordinates (Drucker, 2007). Tesco also support
management of objective that is very useful in providing motivation and encouragement to the
employees that lead to work efficiency ultimately helps in attaining organisational productivity
and value for sustainability (Chemers, 2014).
5

Situational leadership: In this type of leadership, leader of a team depends upon the capabilities
and skills the employee poses. A leader needs to motivate and influence the team accordingly to
successfully attain the output of a given task. As the leaders of Tesco, he need to adopt different
style of leadership as per the situation arose in the organisation impacting the operational
management.
System leadership: Tesco also support system leadership style. According to this style of
leadership a leader controls and monitors working of the employees and situation are made
understood to all the team members.
Different Leadership style
It is referred to a style that a leader poses while motivating the stuff to work harder,
implementation of plan and changes in the organization and providing direction.
Leadership style can be categories into five different types such as
1. Based On Authority Retained
2. Based On Assumptions About People
3. Entrepreneur Leadership Style
4. Linkert's Four Style
5. Based On Task Versus People Emphasis
6

Figure 2: leadership style
CONCLUSION
In any organisation function of the Managers and the role of a leaders plays an important role in
the functionality of the organisation as a whole. If the appointed manager and leader can work
efficiently then these will result in the providing a positive impact for the organisation is not it
will affect the organisation inversely leading to loss. According to the above report it has been
made clear that it is the function of a leader to organise, plan, appoint and coordinate and while
on the other hand leaders has to work upon other thing like encouraging, motivating the
employees. This report has been illustrated although the function and role of the both leader and
manager are different but their aim objective remains the same that is to improve organisational
productivity and to bring good reputation for organisation.
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LEADERSHIP STYLE
Based On
Authority
Retained
Based On
Assuptions
About People
Entrepreneur
Leadership
Style
Linkert's Four
Style
Based On
Task Versus
People
Emphasis

TASK 2
INTRODUCTION
Tesco plc. Commonly known as Tesco is a multinational organization providing services of
grocery and general merchandise retailer. The organization was founded in the year 1919 by Jack
Cohen. It is situated in Welwyn Garden City, UK. Tesco is one of the third largest retailers in
the world. Core business of Tesco is retailing, providing about 60% of profit and sales. It has the
widest range of food of any retailer in the UK. Tesco is among the top leading brand globally it
has expanded its sub stores to almost 12 (including Czech Republic, China, India, Ireland,
Hungary, Malaysia and Poland). In the year 2013, Tesco had about 530,000 employees working
worldwide. Leaders of the organization have very clear goal and high standards
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that manager and leader
play
Some of the significant approaches in operational management that Tesla can used for enhancing
their performance. Main purpose of these approaches is to helps the organization of increasing
the productivity and efficiency.
Six sigma approach:
Tesco uses six sigma approaches to focusing the labours made by its team for achieving various
organisational by improving their performance. It is the manager who is responsible for
developing various strategies applied in the organisational business. For the implementation of
the strategies the manager must make plan so that all the resources available can be utilised
effectively.
In Tesco, the six sigma approaches has been successfully applied by the manager appointed for
eliminating risk factors and to enhance organisational efficiency as a whole. A leader
accordingly implements the approaches and discusses with his team mates to enhance their
efforts for better result (Evans and Lindsay, 2014). Main purpose of six sigma approaches is to
reduce wastage and risk along with improvement in quality of the service provided and
organisational efficiency, activities etc.
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Total Quality Management Approach:
For implementation and initiation of the total quality management programs in Tesco, proper
research and planning is required. Managers must get trained according to the practices of TQM.
The whole process of total quality management involves various costs (Oakland, 2014). Hence, it
becomes the responsibility of the manager for budget allocation for the TQM at the starting of
each financial year.
While formulating the strategies of total quality management in Tesco customers plays a
significant role. A manager should coordinate with the human resource professionals, senior
management, for development of proper strategies and its implementation (Dale, 2015). It is the
role of a manager to become mediator between all the workforces and the senior management in
an organization.
P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving the business
objective
In Tesco, operational management is a business practice of the administrative department so high
organisational efficiency is achieved. Main purpose of operational management is to transform
raw material and workforce into effective product and service with minimum loss and maximum
profit for the organisation. Significance of operational management has been mentioned below
that is effective in achieving the organisational objective along with the process of easy team
management.
In Tesco, through operational management resources can be utilised efficiently. Operation
management helps in enhancing the service and product of the organisation developing trust and
reputation helping in organisational sustainability for long term (Mahadevan, 2015). One of the
main objectives of an organisation is to reduce wastage and quality of cost required which can be
attained though proper operational management in an organisation like Tesco.
Objective of Tesco
Tesco has various corporate objectives and these objectives can be achieved effectively through
proper operational management. Objectives of Tesco are:
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1. To deliver customers with better rate at competitive prices, to establish communicate and to
meet the customer’s demand.
2. To work efficiently with all its suppliers so that high product quality is maintained even in
low cost.
3. To get intricate with national arguments and discussion to retain food safety along with
concern related to productivity.
4. Tesco must be capable of supporting the societies in every possible way.
5. To attain organisational profit.
The objectives of Tesco can be accomplished effectually through proper quality of leaders in
operation management. A leader is capable of organising and motivating the employees to work
harder and attain the organisational objective (Cushman and Burke, 2014). Tesco can adopt
transformable leadership, cooperate governance along with maintaining product quality and
COQ for achieving objectives of the organisation.
Transformational leadership: According to these approach of leadership, focus on given mainly
on changes that must be implemented for meeting the market demand of Tesco. Tesco has also
achieved its various competitive advantages through this approach of leadership (McCleskey,
2014). Objective of the organisation could be achieved as this type of leadership style is effective
to build teamwork spirit among stuff member encouraging them to work positively for the
organization.
Corporate governance: For achieving the business ethics corporate governance play a
significant important role. Corporate governance is helpful in understanding the importance of
business ethics and ethical standards of Tesco (Tricker and Tricker, 2015). Corporate governance
is quite efficient to attain organisational objectives by nourishing the need of customers.
Quality and cost of quality: In the term of manufacturing, quality stands for a state that is free
from any defects, significant variation or deficiencies.
Cost of quality: The term cost of quality means cost that is required to prevent, detect and
eliminate defects from products. Cost of Quality is classified into four types:
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1. Prevention cost: prevention of defect is better than identification and eliminating the
defect later. This is the cost incurred for avoiding and minimizing defect in a product.
2. Appraisal cost: amount of cost required for finding out a defect in a product.
3. Internal failure cost: cost required to remove a defect in a product comes under this
category.
4. External failure cost: It includes warranties, lost sale, and replacement.
The costs require for quality job including quality enhancement and to attain goals should be
managed carefully for long-term sustainability in quality of product organization. The excellence
of cost system, when established once must be active and should have impact positively on
achieving goals, and objectives of the organization.
P6 Access the factors within the business environment that impact upon the operational
management and decision making process by managers and leaders
Tesco main gives importance business sustainability, maintenances of value and ethic in the
organizational business for enhancing communication system and relationship between
customers and employees. By means of ethical standards of the organisational corporate
governance output of various organisational operations is enhanced along with improvement in
performance and productivity.
Ethical standards used by Tesco have effectively helped in sustaining its business in the market
proving it to be the advantage among various competitions around it doing retailing. Tesco
supports a favorable business environment that is helpful for the employees as well as the
organizational position in the market (Heizer, 2016). Tesco has adopted various concepts for
business develops sustainability.
Qualities of management and leadership in Tesco play a vital role in maintaining the commercial
and social responsibilities of the organisation. The process of decision making is effective
process for improving the quality of performance. Association and relationship among the
managers operation and leadership style is effective in controlling and manipulating social
responsibilities. Manager introduces and acts upon different policies and strategies are made
accordingly. These policies can be either for protecting environment, maintaining quality of
product and service and customer satisfaction. It is the responsibility of a manager to converse all
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the adopted policies to all the team member of the organization so that effective decision making
(Drucker, 2014) Moreover, a leader works on defining and allocating different functions and
activities among the employees in the organisation as per their capabilities and skills they pose
together with defining the importance of objectives of the organization and to train the
employees for successfully achieving them.
Factors affecting operational management and decision making process:
1. In an organisation, the process of decision making can highly be influenced by the type of
leadership style adopted. It is so because performance of the employees as well the
organization as a whole depends directly on the type of the leader and their performance.
2. The process of decision making can also be affected by the efficiency of the deployed
employees within the organisation (Drucker, 2007). An organization can achieve their
goals and objective only through employee’s capabilities to work.
3. One of the significant factor that possibly affect decision making process include
resource availability of resources like raw material, workers availability etc.
CONCLUSION
Goals and objective of an organisation like Tesco can be achieved through proper operational
management. In these report it has been concluded that both management and leadership
qualities are required for improving organisational productivity and efficiency. This report has
discussed about various approaches of organisational management including six sigma and total
quality management approach. In an organisation to minimise risk of wastage, proper resources
utilisation, improvement of product quality can be achieve through operational management. In
this report Tesco and its objective has been discussed along with the role of transformational
leadership. This report has also discussed about decision making and the factor that impact the
process in an organisation like Tesco.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Bolman, L. and Deal, T., 2014. Leadership and management. Christian Youth Work in Theory
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Cascio, W., 2018. Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education
Chemers, M., 2014. An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press.
Cushman, D. and Burke, J., 2014. Introduction: Tesco PLC—an Open Business. In The 10
Principles of Open Business(pp. 10-23). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Dale, B., 2015. Total quality management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drucker, P., 2014. Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge.
Drucker, P., 2007. Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge.
Evans, J.R. and Lindsay, W.M., 2014. An introduction to Six Sigma and process improvement.
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Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
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Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
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Mahadevan, B., 2015. Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India.
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