Tesco Operations and Project Management: Analysis & Improvement

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of operations and project management at Tesco, a global retail organization. It begins by differentiating between 'operations' and 'operations management,' then reviews and critiques the implementation of operations management principles within Tesco, highlighting strengths and limitations in areas like inbound and outbound logistics. The report assesses the extent to which Tesco's operations management meets organizational requirements, particularly in the face of challenges like Brexit and the pandemic. It discusses strategies such as revenue enhancement, product and service production, and work standardization. Furthermore, the report explores the effectiveness of the Six Sigma approach for continuous improvement at Tesco, focusing on customer satisfaction, improved bottom line, and employee satisfaction. The second part outlines the project methodologies and the product life cycle of the company. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of adapting to changing market conditions and maintaining a flexible organizational structure.

Operations and Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................4
An explanation of operation vs operations management.............................................................4
Review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within the
chosen organization.....................................................................................................................5
Analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization in the case
study meets the requirements of the organization........................................................................7
Discussion of the continuous improvement plan.........................................................................8
Formulation of the continuous improvement plan.......................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
PART-2............................................................................................................................................5
TITLE..........................................................................................................................................5
Overview of the case-study..........................................................................................................5
Explanation of the organisation stage..........................................................................................5
Analysis of project methodologies...............................................................................................8
Evaluate evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application of decided project.....................8
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION
Operation management deals with constant and daily strategic issue which generate
problems for organisational operations as the primary purpose of operational management is to

complete business operations in a systematic manner. Project management deals with planning,
organising, motivating and controlling all organisation resources for accomplish organisation
goals and objectives. In simple terms, operations and project management refers to those
administrative systems which aids an organisation to formulate highest level of efficiency for
generate better and effective outcome from organisation projects. This report is written from
perspective of TESCO and this is a retail organisation which perform organisation operations
and functions in the global market (Ali and Eze, 2014). Moreover, this report highlights on
implementation of operations management principles within organisation context and also
formulate a constant improvement plan which is based on review and critique of operations
management. In the last, each stage of product life-cycle and essential documents which support
completion of project is also included in the upcoming report.
PART 1
An explanation of operation vs operations management
The term operations is explained as the work management of internal organisation which
aids business to perform and run their operations in an efficient manner. The specific definition
of operations in context of retail industry are the store administration and management,
inventory and stock management, customer service, etc. Operation management perform their
work with multidisciplinary approach and it helps for perform all work in an organised manner.
In the present scenario, the main focus of respective organisation is to focus on all those delivery
factors which is used for convert input into better output. Moreover, with monitor and control all

business operations this is easy for management to improve their productivity through perform
all activities according to decided-objectives (Brannen, Mughan and Moore, 2020). Some major
operations performed by TESCO to retain in the global market are mention as follow:
 STORE ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT- Planning, staffing and
organising are the major factors which aids TESCO authorities to manage their store at
the global level.
 INVENTORY AND STOCK MANAGEMENT- The respective operation assist an
organisation to manage all inventory in order to perform their work according to the
decided perspectives. This refers that all those factors such as to reduce the resource
wastage, minimise of cost-inventory, etc. and this aids management to improve their
profits by control the cost of business operations.
 CUSTOMER SERVICES- Operation management of the Tesco helps the organisation
to optimise all resources of an organisation in an appropriate manner (Cheng and et. al.,
2019). All the tools and techniques which is bought by management consider to perform
all work in a decided manner such as to the use linear programming methods, use of
statistical analysis, etc. because it leads them to fulfil customer services in an
appropriate manner.
Operation Function
Key functions of the Tesco operation management are as follow:
 FINANCE- Finance plays a crucial role for the respective business and this is because it
deals or offers a large number of products to customers. So it is important for
management to record all price factors whether, they relate with purchase or sale. In the
context of TESCO organisation store large quantity of products so with finance functions
this is easy to formulate appropriate budget for organisation.
 STRATEGY- Strategic management refers to the formulation of plans, analysing and
monitoring of all those aspects or factors which are constantly used by the management
of TESCO to perform organisation projects. The main aim to formulate strategy is to
achieve company goals and objectives with an appropriate manner especially, by follow
strategic decisions related with business.
OPERATION MANAGEMENT

OM (operation management) refers to the administration of business practices which is
used for convert the raw-materials or resources into finished products or services (Cserháti and
Szabó, 2014). The main purpose of operation management is to maximise the efficiency of
organisation for perform their work in a systematic manner. Along with this operation
management engage the professionals in company and it leads to maximise the organisation
operating profits through completing all work with more or high level of efficiency.
Review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within the
chosen organization
In the present scenario, there are various functions and operations performed by
management of TESCO and this considered towards completion of all work in a systematic
manner. The current systematic representations refers to all those factors through which overall
company efficiency is increased (Dillon, 2015). This also generate better and effective results for
TESCO operation management process applied by TESCO with its limitations and strength are
mention as follow:
 Inbound logistic- are placed at the first stage in the operation management process of the
organization and this is because they are first or earliest opportunity for creating value in
TESCO operational process. Moreover, all elements of the operational management
process considered towards formulation of upstream activities and this include the receipt
of products from suppliers, storage of products and transportation of products on internal
basis. So it helps to maintain the level of consumer choice in company store.
◦ Strength- This helps management of TESCO to manage their superstore because they
offer a large variety of products. Therefore, with inbound logistics this is easy for
management to place all items in a organised manner.
◦ Limitations- Inbound logistics require constant monitoring of company functions but
this is complex for TESCO to overlook on all factors because of its large size.
Therefore, this generate complexity for business to perform work in proper manner.
 Operations- Product element of TESCO activities are service oriented as they offer
products from their retail store. Therefore, this is important for management to deliver
better services to the customers through opening store at right time of trading hours,
maintaining the shelves and count of stock in an appropriate manner (Haifeng, 2015).

Moreover, in context of the TESCO, it aids management to accomplish competitive-edge
in market by performing all work according to decided plans.
◦ Strength- TESCO operate different type of stores such as superstore, hyper-market,
TESCO metro etc. Therefore, systematic operations helps management to perform all
operations and functions in a proper manner as operation system support service
process of TESCO.
◦ Limitations- Due to the dynamic market conditions this is complex for organisation to
perform their operations with same approach. Therefore, operations has limitations
for manage and complete all task.
 Outbound Logistics- The third stage of operation management process is to organise and
arrange the outbound logistics because this is considered with delivery of products to
customers in an organised manner (Halim, 2019). TESCO currently improve their home
delivery services through manage parking facilities, trolley collectors and many more
because this helps management to generate competitive-advantage in market.
◦ Strength- The current market conditions considered towards completion of all work
according to the market requirements. So the outbound logistics helps management to
perform all operations and functions according to customer requirements.
◦ Limitation- Most of the outbound logistic activities take place beyond the
organisation operations premises so the threat and misbehave from staff are the major
problems which generate problems for organisation.
FLEXIBLE SPECIALISATION.
This bring as well as introduce efficiency and effectiveness in the organisation operations
and functions. TESCO adopt flexible specialisation method because this aids management to
perform their task according to the business requirements. Moreover, top authorities of TESCO
also focus towards adoption of quality principles because it aid management to discard the defect
and error from the organisation functions. One of the most important factor related with business
concepts is to complete all task according to the rapid changing place. The most complex part of
changing environment is globalisation as this generate problems for manager to perform their
work in an organised manner because management face competition from national as well as
international borders (Hall, 2016). Also, development across the various range of factors impact
on business industry as this create problems for management to perform their work in a proper

manner. On the other side, business environment is changing with rapid speed so to deal with
this. It is important for management to control all those forces that influence organisation to
generate the flexible structure as this helps to deal with positive and negative environment.
Analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization in the case study
meets the requirements of the organization
TESCO is a leading retail organisation and it perform all operations according to the
customer requirements. So according to the information it is analysed that customer satisfaction,
improve product quality and formulation of appropriate strategy are the key objectives of the
operation management of organisation. In the context of current scenario, this is understand that
there is a sharp decline in company sales and due to this it is difficult for organisation to sustain
in competitive-market (He, DONG and ZHAO, 2017). Brexit and pandemic are the major
reasons due to which TESCO operation management face problems to sustain in market. So
appropriate methodologies adopted by organisation to sustain in market is mention as follow:
 Increase in revenue- This is the first method adopted by the operation and project
management and to achieve it organisation considered towards those perspectives which
aids them to identify cost-cutting methods. TESCO focused to enhance in their revenue
for expand their business in E-commerce sector also. Example- Strategy aids
management to earn right amount of profits.
 Production of products and services- Operation management is central function or
activity of the organisation because this aids organisation to formulate appropriate
products and services. Operations manager of TESCO monitor all plans, activities and
action related with the project and this aids or engage individuals for complete their
work in a proper manner through inducing current marketing methodologies. Example-
Effective production improve the work productivity and it improve sales of company
products.
 Work Standardisation- To make early success and also for sustain longer period in the
market this is important that management improve their work standards because it
supports them to deliver better quality of products. TESCO authorities is focused
towards formulation of effective system because this helps them to complete all work
according to decided plans (Kowang and et. al., 2014). Example- work standardisation
helps to fulfil customer needs by performing work with good and effective quality.

Discussion of the continuous improvement plan
Effectiveness of Six Sigma approach for Tesco
Six sigma approach is referred to a set of procedures and technique in order to enhance
the process at the organization. The approach of Six Sigma is quite effective at Tesco. The
benefits of Six Sigma to Tesco is explained below-
 Customer satisfaction- The six sigma approach helps the organization to enhance the
control over quality in the various processes of the organisation. The six sigma approach
help Tesco to improve the finished product that results in better customer satisfaction.
The six sigma approach helps the organisation to attain loyal customers as the
organisation works upon the maintenance of quality.
 Improved bottom line- Tesco delivers good quality product with the help of six sigma
approach that provides satisfaction to the customers and this information is conveyed
from one customer to another potential customer (Zheng and et. al., 2016). This
ultimately helps the organisation to enhance its revenues.
 Employee satisfaction- The six sigma approach helps the employees of Tesco to work
towards a common objectives through efficient communication. This leads to better
results as it develops a sense of togetherness among the employees.
Effectiveness of Just in Time approach
Just in time approach consists of basically three domains that allow the organisation to
work in order to eliminate waste, adopt strategies of continuous improvement and involve all the
employees in the business operations. The effectiveness of Just in Time approach is as follows-
 Planning and control- The Just in Time approach allows Tesco to plan and control the
activities at the organization. The approach helps the organisation to analyse the trends in
customer demands that are further shared in the market. This helps the organisation to
improve the product availability and reduce the inventory costs.
 Inventory system- Tesco follows a continuous replenishment system that helps the
organisation to maintain the inventory in accordance with Just in Time approach. This
helps the organisation to minimise to even eliminate the cost of holding inventory.
Kaizen approach
The Kaizen approach allows the organization to make efforts in order to facilitate
continuous improvement in an organization. The approach focuses upon small but consistent

changes that help the organisation to grow. The approach is applicable in various industries and
professional field.
Kanban Approach
The Kanban approach is one of the famous approaches that are used to implement
DevOps and agile software development in an organization. This approach requires proper
transparency and real-time communication. Under the approach, the work items are represented
upon a Kanban Board that allows the team members to monitor each work.
Andon Approach
The Andon approach is referred to an approach that sends an alert to the operators
regarding the problem. The instinct alert helps the organization to address the problem of the
organisation on the spot so that the organization can operate normally.
The approaches that are followed by Tesco in order to have a continuous improvement
are Just in time approach and Six Sigma approach. These approaches are carried out at the
organization quite effectively and efficiently.
Simultaneous engineering
The concept of simultaneous engineering deals with designing and development of the
products. The process of product development is simultaneous rather than consecutive and
diminishes the product development time at the organization.
Stock Control
The stock control technique facilitates the organization to analyse the amount of stock
that must be maintained by an organisation at a particular time. It further helps the organization
to track the needs of the organisation. The approach is applied to all the products at the
organization whether raw materials or finished goods.
Formulation of the continuous improvement plan
The term continuous improvement plan is explained as the set of activities and actions
which is used for improve products and services of TESCO. Also, continuous improvement plan
helps management for constant review, action and measure organisation effectiveness.
KAIZEN- This is explained as the Japanese term and its meaning is change for better or
continuous improvement (Lingg and et. al., 2014). It is a Japanese philosophy and TESCO also
implement the Kaizen technique because it work as constant process of improving operations
and it also engage all workforce who engage in company operations.

TQM- Total Quality management is a continue or constant process to detect and reduce
the error from manufacturing, supply chain-management in order to improve the overall
customer experience. Moreover, TQM methods ensure that TESCO workforce is trained and
aware about their roles.
BENCHMARKING- The current methods and systems of benchmarking is to measure
and analyse the key business metrics as well as practices and also, to compare them with
organisation expectations or competitor results. TESCO use benchmarking technique because it
helps them to identify those areas which are important to improve company performance.
SCM- Supply chain-management is explained to the management of flow organisation
products and services. In simple terms, SCM is the method of transform raw-materials into
finished products. TESCO supply chain include all perspectives from production to product
development as this include all information which is important to direct organisation efforts.
ERP- Enterprise resource planning is a type of software which is used by organisation for
perform their routine activities such as to manage project, risk-management, compliance, etc.
This also aids respective organisation for formulate right and appropriate decisions for business.
Flexible specialization- The term flexible specialization is designed for adapt and react the
changes among the production process (Ma and et. al., 2020). Moreover, it aids Tesco to
formulate products in a quick and efficient manner that also formulate better and effective results
for management. TO IMPROVE flexible specialisation TESCO recruit those workforce who is
specialised in multiple skills and also passionate for their job role.
Advantage- Flexible system help management to save amount in future because the adoption
ability of accepting changes reduce the number of defective products that helps to save time and
resources.
Disadvantage- Flexible specialisation is designed for all departments and this refers that
management perform all work with all operations. This results highly skilled employees and
current systems are costly to adopt.
Six Sigma- This methodology is implemented by management to perform all work in an
organised manner and also it helps TESCO to enhance overall product quality.
Advantages- Increase in value is identified as one of the major benefit formulate by six sigma
because it aids organisation to perform their work in a successful and appropriate manner

(Martens and Carvalho, 2016). Sigma is used by TESCO for increase customer value and
customer satisfaction.
Disadvantage- Six sigma is complex to induce because it require participation of overall
workforce who is engaged in company operations. Therefore, TESCO face difficulty because a
large number of individuals are engaged in organisation workforce.
CONCLUSION
From the basis of above report, this is concluded that operation and project management
perform an important role for the organisation as they designed appropriate strategies which aids
business to perform their project according to decided goals and objectives. Operations and
operations management both perform an important role and they aids management to design all
steps and action of operations as per decided-objectives. Along with this by understand of lean
principles appropriate continuous improvement plan are induced by management to perform all
work according to decided-plans.

PART-2
TITLE
ON-SITE CATERING
Overview of the case-study
Project and programme is designed by an organisation for perform all work in an
appropriate manner as they generate right and appropriate steps to complete all task in a
systematic way. Member of an organisation perform an important role so this is the
responsibility of management that the workforce not face any kind of problem. According to the
given case-study the organisation has basically two objectives for the existing financial year.
First objective is to reduce the movement of staff from the premises in order to reduce the
congestion issue from local area. Another objective is to support staff for adopt healthy life-
style and this is also the part of CSR activity of organisation (Shou and et. al., 2021). This also
reduce absenteeism from the organisation. Therefore, to minimise the problem Catering services
is adopted by management and this helps for provide better food services to the engage staff or
individuals.
Explanation of the organisation stage
Project Initiation- This is explained as the first stage and the need for start the project of
getting is to minimise the workforce problems of going out from the premises for lunch. With
analysis of organisation background this is understand that there is no individual exists who is
engaged in catering activities. Also, the goal of management is to reduce the staff movement in
lunch break. So new catering services is gathered from outside the organisation and this helps to
gather the right information from project. Local food business is most important stakeholder for
new project and the decided budget for start the project is approximately $1000.
Project Planning- The scope of project is too broad because there is no catering services
available in the organisation. For deliver lunch to large number of workforce this is important for
management to perform their work according to decided steps. With develop of schedule all
actions are take place as per decided time. Moreover, project planning also delegate the roles to
each individual according to their skills and this results that all persons complete their work or
job role in an organised manner (Takakura and et. al., 2019). As per case-study management
focus on procurement planning as this aids management to focus and engage vendors from

outside the organisation. In the last, to manage risk, KPI technique is used to control risk factors
of business.
Project Execution- With this step all action and activities which are planned by
management are started. In the context of given case-study this is understand that to start project
execution this is important for management to accept all those factors such as evaluation of team
and company performance. Further, with right update of information this is easy for management
to document all steps according to decided goals.
Project Closure- Last phase of plc stage is the project closure and this helps organisation
to complete project in an accurate manner and the main focus related with business is to engage
suppliers (Takakura and et. al., 2019). The existing deliverables is delivered and also all supplier
contracts is impacted because the project closure steps end the new started project.
FORMULATION OF CASE
NAME- REDHOUSE CONSTRUCTION LIMITED
VISION- To generate multi-story building and to formulate employment opportunities for local
workforce.
OBJECTIVES
 To minimise the movement of staff at the time of lunch.
 To engage and organise classes for training workforce to adopt healthy life-style.
MISSION
The mission of organisation is to start new project with purpose of delivering good-
quality food and for this management engage catering company. It aids management to enhance
to develop healthy life-style for individuals and it reduce absenteeism and turnover of workforce.
Executive Summary
In the context of this case-study management is focused towards formulation of new
approaches which improve overall food-quality of products. The current market conditions
considered towards engage of new caters who delivery healthy food at the time of lunch. This
helps to ensure that staff is able to utilise lunch break in a proper manner.
Idea of innovation
This is done through engage those caters or food-suppliers who deliver good-quality of
food and from perspective of innovation baked food is engaged as well as provided by suppliers
as this does not impact on the health of individuals.

Opportunity
The specific opportunity which is related with the case-study is that catering services
improve health of workforce that automatically increases productivity of individuals (Takey and
de Carvalho, 2015). This is because healthy individual perform work and job-role with more
efficiency.
Improvement in existing business
In the present scenario, health of an individual is focused and considered by the
management so the major improvement which is analysed related with health of workforce.
Resources used by management
For existing business this is understand that management is focused to use food products
and human-resources for complete the project in a systematic manner.
Project Plan
Activities and actions related with plan are simple and simulated according to the current
organisation perspectives. In context of planned activities most of them are simple and relates
with easy steps of organisation.
Risk and potential benefit
Risk related with current project is that that individual adopt or neglect the food of caters
and also if food supplier sustain their food-quality for a longer period. Further, benefit related
with the business project is that individual perform task with healthy life-style.
Business Project
Strategy perform an important role for the business and one of the best advantage related
with business project is to provide good and healthy quality of food (Vladimirovna and et. al.,
2019). Limitation of strategy is that healthy food is costly and not attract more number of
individuals. Solution to overcome from the mention limitation is to prepare food within large
quantity and it helps to control cost of business.
CONCLUSION
With understand of the above case-study this is concluded that project plan perform an
important role for minimise organisation problems. With develop of appropriate project life-
cycle steps such as project planning, project closure, etc. this is easy to complete the project and
it also improve overall efficiency of business. Recommendation for the project plan is that
organisation must consider all those steps that increase their efficiency to complete the task

according to decided projects. In the last, cost-benefit analysis helps for perform all work with
decided approach as most of them are developed with decided approach.
Analysis of project methodologies
Agile is considered as those project methodologies which is used by project manager for
complete the project in an organised manner.
Advantage
 Agile method is more flexible.
 All products are market by management with a fast approach.
 Easy, transparent and direct communication.
Disadvantage
 Complex and hard to predict.
 All documents are left behind.
Evaluate evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application of decided project
The current market conditions considered towards use of all those factors that aids
management to complete and perform all work according to decided targets. With review of the
company process this is analyses that to match with targets Key performance indicator is used in
both sections whether, internal or external.
Advantage- With constant monitoring of project plan this is easy to analyses that close learning
gaps perform an important role to improve the company performance (Wood, Wrigley and Coe,
2017). This also helps for understand that workforce require further, training or not.
Disadvantage- Empower the workforce to adopt right action but this is complex to engage all
individuals as this helps to attain appropriate actions and activities. It directs management to
perform the work in a proper manner.
In the last, with regular monitoring of products this is easy for management to adopt those
factors that helps to adopt factors which are reliable and also sustainable. In context of project
this is identified that work is managed according to decided project plan because they are design
according to the current project requirements and market conditions which leads to perform all
work as per sustainability factors.

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