Comprehensive Report: Operations and Project Management in Tesco PLC

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of operations and project management within Tesco PLC. Part 1 delves into the application of Six Sigma methodologies and Lean principles, evaluating their impact on operational efficiency and continuous improvement. It explores the kinship between business functionality and operations, covering areas like human resources, marketing, and finance. The report also frames a continuous development plan, supported by operational critical review management principles. Part 2 shifts focus to project management, outlining project life cycle phases and assessing the use of agile methodologies and project leadership. It critically assesses the potencies of the project life cycle, examining theories and models that differentiate between large and small projects, with recommendations for operational improvements and a detailed discussion on continuous improvement plans.

Operations and project
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1 -BUSINESS REPORT.......................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1) Critical analysis of operations based management principles within the organisation........1
M1) A review of implementation of Six Sigma methodology and Lean principles in
operational management..............................................................................................................2
Kinship between business functionality and operations..............................................................3
P2) Frame a continuous development plan supported on review with operational critical
review management principles within organisation....................................................................4
Important effect of technology on operation functions and information.....................................6
M2) identify potencies of continuous improvement plan with the help of appropriate theories.7
D1) Appropriate theories and concepts to reassert plan of action of continuos improvement
plan for built efficiency................................................................................................................7
Recommendations for operation manager of Tesco PLC............................................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
PART 2..........................................................................................................................................11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
P3) Postulation of phase of project life cycle to produce supported documents for completion
of project....................................................................................................................................11
........................................................................................................................................................14
M3) Assess reasons for application of agile methodologies, project leadership and other tools
with respect to project life cycle................................................................................................17
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................18
P4) Critical assessment of potencies of project life cycle for applying project respecting
sufficient theories and models...................................................................................................18
M4) Critically assess theories and concepts which makes differential among large and small
projects.......................................................................................................................................18
D2) Critically evaluate analysis of project life cycle for evaluation of potencies.....................18
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................20

Books & Journals:......................................................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is a process through which a business organisation can achieve
their skilfulness by effective utilisation of their resources. This type of managerial work is
associated with transformation of raw materials into presentable products and services which
helps the organisation maximize their profit. It is crucial for business organisations to monitor
their products and services with the help of available resources. However, navigating a group of
skilled individuals for attainment of project goals within a specified time is called as project
management. The aim is to align planning and organisation of resources in a way such that it
facilitates effective consumer centred process and to lead the team through several phases of
project completion (Gajadhar and Stomski, 2018). This enables smooth operational functions of
the business and allows team to focus on tasks that are crucial. For this given report, the selected
organisation is Tesco PLC, a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer
established in year 1919 by Jack Cohen.
The following project consists of two parts, Part 1 highlights the implementation of six
sigma methodologies and lean principles in relation with operations management within an
organisation. There is discussion about a continuous improvement plan in this part. Whereas, on
the other hand, Part 2 highlights a project portfolio which includes definition of the project title
along with the execution of project life cycle.
PART 1 -BUSINESS REPORT
TASK 1
P1) Critical analysis of operations based management principles within the organisation
Introduction of the organisation
Tesco PLC is a UK based multinational company dealing in groceries and general
merchandise. The headquarters of Tesco PLC are centred in Welwyn Garden City, England. The
founder of Tesco PLC is Jack Cohen. The major objectives of Tesco PLC is to serve their
customers, communities and make the planet a better place to live. The aim is to provide good
quality services and products at reasonable prices.
Operations v/s operations management
Operations are defined as a group of activities that are required to be handled smoothly
for running a business in the market. Operations are carried out on a daily basis which add value
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to the products and services offered by the organisation and help in receiving maximum
investments (Haniff and Caldwell, 2019). In context to Tesco PLC, the operations carried out on
a daily basis include production of goods and services, maintenance of delivery system,
management of quality and providing optimal customer care. Operations are commonly
associated with production of a useable commodity by using raw materials with the help of
different manufacturing practices (Petrillo and et. al., 2021). For instance, operational functions
in Tesco PLC include handling and managing of raw materials along with human resources for
creation of goods and services which facilitates best delivery of services to the targeted
customers. On the other hand, operations management is the implementation of administrative
measures within an organisation for achieving maximum efficiency by alignment of available
resources to produce finished goods. The operation management at Tesco PLC focuses on
effective management of resources for increasing the productivity of the business.
M1) A review of implementation of Six Sigma methodology and Lean principles in operational
management
The principle of operations management includes promotion of resources for achieving
excellence within an organisation. Tesco PLC has adopted various principles to remain in profit.
Operational management practices will help Tesco PLC to increase their efficiency of resources.
A review of principles of operational management in relation to Tesco PLC is described below:
Six Sigma Methodologies: The principle of Six Sigma methodologies refers to the
collection of tools where the products undergo quality check by elimination of defects and
challenges which enhances the profit aspect of the organisation. The monitoring of mistakes and
issues is a fact driven methodology which focuses on elimination of risks associated with the
product or service in Tesco PLC. This process enhances the life cycle of the product by
encouraging “no error” policy (Visser, 2020). A special team is employed which aims at
promoting standardisation of operations by enhancing productivity through effective managerial
approaches. Tesco PLC has employed managers that adopt this particular principle for mitigation
of faults from the production process. This enables the organisation to utilise their resources at
full efficiency without wastage. However, this methodology comes with its own set of
drawbacks including the rigid structure of this static process which interferes with creativity and
innovation.
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Lean principles in operation management details as attributes that aids in assistance in
enlightening impacts of organisation in the business market. The major goal of lean principle is
to eliminate waste which are non value added in the ingredients in any procedures involved. This
will incline efficiency and fecundity of the organisation and ultimate reduce the operational cost
as well as inclined competitiveness of the work (Bala, and Verma, 2018). This majorly aids in
the creating and promoting product's information and product's value as well as it postpones
commitment. This has broad range as this evolves team work and management of stocks and
engagement of consumers within the organisation. Lean principles encompasses three pillars that
includes waste detection, stimulation to daily evolution and improvements, and monitoring
outcomes of production activities. There are major five principles which includes perfection,
flow, pull of work, value stream and value. These aspects mainly aids in assistances of
management of Tesco PLC in framing efficient objectives and constantly evolving with new
innovations that are required for the organisational growth and fecundities (Bamana and et. al.,
2019). This can also results in negative approaches that would negatively impact the organisation
Tesco PLC as this puts on irrelevant pressure on the management to meet the necessities of good
standards. This puts in organisation with little or no scope to bring in and foster the evolution
that is required to alter the processes involved in organisational successes.
Six sigma is recognised and considered as the problem resolving and high performances
that is related with fostering the organisational efficiencies and evolution to innovation for
organisational fecundity of the Tesco PLC by evaluating fluctuations in procedures involves and
identifying proper solutions. This evolves the potencies that are associated with minimising
product's variabilities in Tesco PLC so that the product produced is same as well as reduced
waste from production related activities. Lean principles considers leading of maximising
potencies of Tesco PLC by inclining the qualities of products that are less defective and this also
reduces the wastes leading to decline in cost prices (Craighead and et. al., 2020). This mainly
aids in improving potencies of Tesco PLC by supplying higher consumer base values and
utilising reduced resources.
Kinship between business functionality and operations
Human resource operations and human resources are associated at their fundamental
levels. Operations majorly refers to impacts of human resources activities that includes training
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pay, staffing and functionality related communication. Operations also supplies strategies and
continues visions required for management of human resources.
Marketing: Operations is mainly recognised and considered with accomplishing supplies
that are according to demands that is chiefly framed as outcomes of marketing. Operational
plans, creating processes of manufacturing, brand compliances, analytics & data and technology
base in terms of marketing.
Finance: Finance aids in providing informations that are relevant for running the
continuous business operations that supervises carrying out of daily tasks and activities of the
organisation. Carrying forward finance in terms with operations facilitates the organisational
execution efficiently and process of manufacturing efficiently (Gillan and et. al., 2021).
P2) Frame a continuous development plan supported on review with operational critical review
management principles within organisation
Discuss lean principles and continuous improvement
Continuous improvement is considered as the set of activities that is generated to foster
the development or evolution within organisational product and services continuously by
keeping by monitoring and reviewing on regular intervals. For an organisation, it is always an
opportunity to innovate and modify in their products and services by inclining their qualities. In
Tesco PLC, the main morale and motive of continuos development is to incline performances to
add fecundity and success to organisation. Success and fecundity can be accomplished by
fulfilling the resources requirements effectively. On the contrary, lean principles mainly refers to
measures that is adopted by business to bring forth high standard product that holds less wastage
and to a lesser extent resources (Juniorand et. al., 2019). This holds activities that requires
experimentations on constant basis to accomplish organisational success and fecundity by
achieving heights and high values and less wastages. In Tesco PLC, the managers tend to
provide high standard maintenances product with less wastages by bringing forth consumer's
requirements and necessities by inclining productivities. The characteristics of lean principles
that should be followed by Tesco PLC are described as under:
 Total Quality Management: This refers to techniques of management to measure
product quality and employee's performances as they are answerable for their work and
activities. In Tesco PLC, this measure can be applied by organisational management yo
foster their work efficiently by allowing their consumers to take part in business
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operations. And by providing more focus and proper attention to their needs and
requirements of experiences. This principle mostly concentrates on commitment of
employees towards their work, organisational framework, and their effective decision
making. Organisation can also decide business plans that would foster in outlining major
management business clear plans and objectives & missions to accomplish desired goals
(Kalariaand et. al., 2020).
 Supply Chain Management: This describes lean principle that incudes components such
as constant evolution, involvement of consumer, product quality etc. This links to all
departmental activities within the organisation and also they manage all internal and
external kinships. In Tesco PLC, the management can apply schemes to bring forth high
standards with limited resources. This also enables Tesco PLC professionals and
employees to deduct extra efforts and cost prices with little wastages and time
management to evolve the product's quality to get competitive benefits.
Continuous improvement plan including recommendations for evolution & improvement
supported on operation management reviews
Continuos improvement plan is detailed collection of crucial measures which is designed
to track performances and fecundity of the organisation. Success due to adopted principles and
effective measure, models and applied theories can majorly lead to business brand image within
the business world. This is based on the organisational desirable goals and objectives as they
outlined the needs and time management for the assigned work (Kaswan and Rathi, 2020). This
is efficient for the organisation to put in efforts in continuous improvement plan to accomplish
remaining worthy in competitive business market and to effectively deal with objections
structured due to uncertainty. With regards to Tesco PLC, managers designs and frames
continuous improvement plan to aid them effectively lead and monitor all the related operational
activities management to make effective modifications if required. This aids in precise training
and create development programs to set up human resources to tackle associated risks.
Continuous improvement plan by Kaizen technique with regards to Tesco PLC are discussed as
under:
Plan Do Check Act
Cost Marketers of
organisation often
To frame successful
continuous
Managers of Tesco
PLC, majorly takes
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seeks to leading
strategies to profit
more efficiently in the
processes involved. In
Tesco PLC, managers
are efficiently makes
decisions to foster the
production processes
to effectively by
applying lean
principles that will aid
the process of
declining wastage
(Nocera and Gardoni,
2019).
improvement plan, the
managers of Tesco
PLC, have efficiently
adopted financial and
economic cost prices
to give value, so that
they are provided with
required quality to
their provided food
and services.
action to employ
alterations as per the
improvement plan.
This is associated with
bringing alterations to
minimise the cost
price of food and
services.
Quality Tesco PLC managers
seeks to maintain
project quality and
standards by applying
total management and
abiding with the
desired criteria to
attain consumer's
necessitate.
Managers of Tesco
PLC should in keep
track on the standards
of the policies. They
always tracks their
production processes
to accomplish their
desired quality of
services.
Here, managers of
Tesco PLC compares
the actual quality of
product and services
that they are providing
with certain standards.
This takes over to
evaluation and related
any lapses in processes
to take important steps
in coming future.
Important effect of technology on operation functions and information
Utilisation of technologies in operation functions modifies organisations to minimise the
cost prices and incline processes of delivery, improve quality and aims at modifications to
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enhance value to consumers (Pambreni and et. al., 2019). Technologies fosters the organisational
speed the nature and operational pace and declines the inflexibility integral in organisational
structure. A vital information majorly simplifies organisation process of determination of data.
Technology is responsible in aiding of decision making which eases the processes involved in
delivering vital informations which fosters smooth flow of informations within organisational
departments.
M2) identify potencies of continuous improvement plan with the help of appropriate theories
It is vital for Tesco PLC, to implement and modify the continuous improvement plan. It
is instant for the organisation to design their own continuos developmental plans by utilising and
adopting to appropriate conceptualisations and theories. Theories can majorly be applied to track
potencies of continuos improvement plan are lean manufacturing, effective use of total quality
management, and appropriate approaches. These theories and conceptualisation can assist
management of Tesco PLC, to frame strategies to maintain the criteria of quality and minimum
wastage involved in processes of production. These models assists organisations to maintain
criteria of quality and standards to maintain competition in market. Total quality management
can aid Tesco PLC to manage and adjust resources in a manner that can hold up their quality of
products and services throughout businesses life.
D1) Appropriate theories and concepts to reassert plan of action of continuos improvement plan
for built efficiency
It has been evaluated that Tesco PLC manages their implementation approaches and
strategies just like lean principle and total quality management as their continuous improvement
plan. These plan of activities majorly aids in keeping quality of products and services up to mark
and set standards so they the organisation fosters fast and accomplishes the fecundity & success.
This will aid in bringing forth advantages in dynamic business environment. Maintenance of
good quality and standards which will further aid them to identify the competitive advantages
associated with the quality services. This principle also results in maximising brand image and
recognition to competitive business market (Rosin and et. al., 2020). Management of Tesco PLC
can majorly adopt principles related to benefit that would minimise warehousing cost. This helps
in obtaining raw materials in accordance with consumer's demand but this can also lead to
maximising transit organisational cost.
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Recommendations for operation manager of Tesco PLC
 Implementation of Total Quality Management effectively is very crucial to assess
whether the manufactured quality is fulfilling consumer's demands and requirements or
not. It will aid managers to assist plans and produce quality and standards of products to
increase competitive benefits.
 Recommendation to adopt Lean production approaches by operation managers of Tesco
PLC can avoid cost price from areas where the product and services don't hold any value
(Singh and Rathi, 2018). This will foster in improvement and evolution of both
performances and fecundity of staff as well as the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be conferred that the operation management is crucial
for all kind of business. This mainly refers to ongoing procedures of activities that assesses and
monitors all organisational operations as well as providing various ways for improvements and
evolution. It enables managers of the organisation to amend potencies by continuous
improvement plan. Furthermore, the management of lean principles majorly assists organisation
to review it's performances and product's quality continuously. This then aids in handling
obstacles and rendering the difficulties associated with the organisation value.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
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engineering to transition to remote operations. In Modeling, Systems Engineering, and
Project Management for Astronomy VIII (Vol. 10705, pp. 453-458). SPIE.
Haniff, A. and Caldwell, N., 2019. The 24th International Annual Conference: Inspiring
Operations Management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Petrillo, A., De Felice, F., Lambert-Torres, G. and Bonaldi, E. eds., 2021. Operations
Management: Emerging Trend in the Digital Era.
Visser, W.F., 2020. A Blueprint for Performance-Driven Operations Management. Mining,
Metallurgy & Exploration, 37(3), pp.823-831.
Bala, M. and Verma, D., 2018. A critical review of digital marketing. M. Bala, D. Verma (2018).
A Critical Review of Digital Marketing. International Journal of Management, IT &
Engineering, 8(10), pp.321-339.
Bamana, F., Lehoux, N. and Cloutier, C., 2019. Simulation of a construction project: assessing
impact of just-in-time and lean principles. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, 145(5), p.05019005.
Craighead, C.W., Ketchen Jr, D.J. and Darby, J.L., 2020. Pandemics and supply chain
management research: toward a theoretical toolbox. Decision Sciences, 51(4), pp.838-
866.
Gillan, S.L., Koch, A. and Starks, L.T., 2021. Firms and social responsibility: A review of ESG
and CSR research in corporate finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 66, p.101889.
Junior, C.H., Oliveira, T. and Yanaze, M., 2019. The adoption stages (Evaluation, Adoption, and
Routinisation) of ERP systems with business analytics functionality in the context of
farms. Computers and electronics in agriculture, 156, pp.334-348.
Kalaria, D.R., Parker, K., Reynolds, G.K. and Laru, J., 2020. An industrial approach towards
solid dosage development for first-in-human studies: Application of predictive science
and lean principles. Drug Discovery Today, 25(3), pp.505-518.
Kaswan, M.S. and Rathi, R., 2020. Green Lean Six Sigma for sustainable development:
Integration and framework. Environmental impact assessment review, 83, p.106396.
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