TESCO Leadership and Management: Roles, Functions, and Theories Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within the context of TESCO, a UK-based supermarket chain. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, outlining their respective roles and characteristics, and highlighting their similarities. The report then examines how the roles of leaders and the functions of managers are adapted to different business situations, including high competitive pressures and lack of productivity. It also delves into the application of situational, contingency, and systems leadership theories within TESCO. Furthermore, the report explores various approaches to operations management, including the roles of managers and leaders within these approaches, as well as the factors influencing operational decision-making. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and insights regarding leadership and management in TESCO's operational environment.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Comparison between leaders and manager based on their role & characteristics.......................3
Function of manager and role of leader in context of different situation....................................5
Contingency, systems and situational leadership apply in company...........................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
Various approaches to operations management and role that manager and leaders play............9
Significant and value of operations management......................................................................11
Factors that impact on store operations management and decision making by manager and
leaders........................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations in company are two different parts, but perform together for
improvement in business. Management deals with issues that impact on operations efficiencies,
managers play crucial role in this section (Smith, Maull and CL Ng, 2014). They arrange all the
resources for manufacturing department, consider their needs and demand. They create policies
which is beneficial for workers as well as business. The present report is based on TESCO
supermarket chain in UK, they cater grocery products to local people. It explain the roles and
characteristics of manager and leaders, define differences based on these. Justifies the role of
leader and function of manager in different business situation and explain situational,
contingency and systems leadership theories. It clarifies, key approaches to operations
management, manager and leader role play within it, factors that impact decision of both and
operational management procedure. Furthermore, internal factors impact on business
environment and efficiencies of OM.
TASK 1
Comparison between leaders and manager based on their role & characteristics
Leader is the person who will not give up and stop until targeted goals of business has
been achieved. A good leader is defined by humility combined, intellectual honesty and high
integrity with ambition. Effective and strong leader in company is able to lead a number of team
and commands group of people perfectly. They are accountable for providing correct direction
and guidance to employees that helps to enhance their performances in workplace.
Whereas, manager is the most essential part of business as like leader, they are
responsible for managing the overall performance of business as well as people, controlling
activity of group by implementing plans (Schuh and et.al., 2014). Manager is also accountable
for motivating and directing staff for increasing their productivity.
Over view of company-
TESCO Plc is British international groceries provider company in UK, they sell the best
quality products to consumers. They run its operations with the help of effective leadership and
management that play vital role in context of business.
Comparison between manages and leaders-
Basis Leader Manager

Roles Leader role in organization is
to set clear vision, they play
essential role to turn vision
into reality. Its main role in
workplace is to develop
strategy that help team to reach
at specific goal. Good leader
provide any type of training to
group of people.
As compare to leader, manager
role is quite different but they
both work for betterment of
TESCO that is major priority
for both of them. Manager role
is crucial, they has to monitor
the entire performances and
productivity of workers
whereas, leader only focus on
staff performance.
Characteristics Honesty is one leader
characteristic which make
them effective person. It is
most important characteristic
of company leader, it is basis
of any action as outcomes of
policy.
Quick decision maker, is the
character trait of manager that
is different from leader.
Manager need to take fast
decision for company
betterment effectively of
efficiently.
Similarities bases Leader Manager
Role Leader wants to achieve
business objective just like a
manager wants. They play its
role to motivate team and
supervise them in achieving
common goal. Leader typically
evaluate workers abilities to
work. They both rely on good
communication, used the best
communication sources in
order to connect with each
Just like leader, manager in
TESCO also work hard, they
implement plan for enhancing
the productivity which helps to
motivate group of people
(Watson, 2018). Manager also
measure the performances of
staff and business as well.
Leader and manager is
responsible for providing
better results that increased

other. profitability.
Characteristic They both are confidence in
experience, abilities and
decisions. Give respect for
staff and able to understand
their needs in workplace.
Leader as well as manager
know how to command team,
take appropriate decision
based on situational analysis.
Function of manager and role of leader in context of different situation
Leader play crucial role in TESCO when they are dealing high competitive pressure in
market. Leaders job is quite difficult as they need to play role as coordinator, motivator and
director as well (Mitchell and et.al., 2015). In this situation, due to pressure by other companies,
leader build a strong team they provide training to all of them which increased staff working
abilities and they can contribute through overtime that is beneficial for business and employees.
Leader motivate group of people, because motivation works better and give positive results.
When leader motivate team, in this situation they satisfied the requirements of individual. It
helps to promotes job satisfaction, when leader motivate team it makes people capable to
contribute in achieving objective of business and also helps to gain competitive advantages.
Lack of productivity, impacts on business performances and decrease their operational
efficiencies rather than before which is not suitable for its brand image in market. Leader play
important role in context of this condition, where they are able to trained people which is one of
leaders main role in company.
Along with this, the function of managers is described through Henri Fayol theory consist
with different functions that is, Planning- Accordant to Fayol, making up good plan of activity is
difficult of five functions of manager. In context of organization, manager in TESCO company
analyse the competitive situation, then make plan of action which is essential to managed each
and every thing effectively (Peaucelle, 2015). They coordinate with other members conduct
research in order to get more information about its competitors that helps to make effective plan.
In planning function, they mention the resources which is not available in company and required
in this situation. For example, if management require more applicants manager make plan for
recruitment to enhance performance of business. Organizing- manager function is to organized
every thing systematically, through planning they managed work of team and deliver the quality

products on time which helps to gain competitive advantages. Commanding- lac of training
decrease the productivity of staff, they cannot be able to complete task on time. At this situation
manager command its team, give order and directions to people that helps them how to work.
Coordinating- Fayol model described that when all action is harmonized, company will perform
better. Positive influencing of applicants behaviour it quite essential in this. In organization
situation context, manager coordinate with other made discussion related to aims and objective
of company because coordination support to gain positive results and receive better ideas.
Controlling- According to Fayol, When manager give clear working instructions and orders,
staff will know what exactly is required of them. After managing the situation, the most essential
part is controlling the performance of employees through self monitoring.
Contingency, systems and situational leadership apply in company
Situational leadership is best and most appropriate style of leadership, it refer to when
leader in company adjust their work style to match development stage of employees they try to
influence (McCleskey, 2014). It apply by TESCO leader in competitive situation where they
need to perform better to improve the working environment.

According to this theory, leader give appropriate directions to its team of people, in this
environment they must adjust their style and understand the situation effectively. Most of the
people cannot be able to perform well because of lack of directions. In addition to this, leader
play role as director, they pay high attention to all of workers.
They provide coaching to staff at all the level in management, and focus on given task
which is need important commitment of time, they also centring to develop relationship with
workers. Leader play role as supporter, they address the issues facing by people during
competitive environment. Through participation they must play vital role to gain competitive
advantages, they support all the workers with the help of participating in their work.
Contingency leadership, states that effectiveness of leader is depend on matching their
styles to correct situation. According to this theory leader find out the betters results through
Illustration 1: Situational leadership styles
(Source: Styles of leadership, 2016)

apply their style of leadership on competitive situation, where as lot of people are not able to
perform better because lack of training which decrease the productivity of business as well as
capability of staff (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube, 2015). Styles of leader influenced others
in workplace, they need to understand overall situation and consider the requirement of training
which is beneficial for TESCO staff. They interact and communicate with team members in
order to identify their issues and solve it with the help of providing better solution that support to
motivate all of them effectively. Through motivation and communication they can build strong
relation and manager the situation efficiently.
System leadership, refers that how leader lead a team of people across boundaries,
sector, departmental and organizational. It is all about how leader in TESCO lead group when
they are not in charge, they need to influence other, motivate them more than pull management
lever. After understanding the situation, leader participate in work of employees that helps to
create a positive environment around workplace where staff at all level of management work
productively because they are influenced by their leader who are able to contribute in
competitive business situation. When people are not feeling good in workplace, they are
pressurised through management for work harder, at this movement leader take action, they
communicate to manager, explain the situation and take better decision which helps to motivate
staff. They work highly effective, goes out of limitations that provide better results and build a
strong team in workplace who are able to finished the given task on time.
Differentiate between role of leader and manager function-
Differences bases Leader Manager
Role Leader role is to guide team,
they build relationship between
all staff members and
management effectively. They
do not micromanage its group
but instead of this leader guide
workers towards vision.
Manager role of different from leader,
they supervise team of individual rather
than coaching. As compare to leader
manager play role as spokesman and
disturbance handler.
Traits Leader have the ability to
inspire their team, they can
On the other hand, manager makes plan
for managing time. Time management is

improve current performance of
people and enhance working
abilities more than before.
the key characteristic of manager, they
give priority to the top level of task more
than the others.
Weakness and strength of different approaches-
Situational leadership provide group members an benefits because their leaders is
adapting their personal method to meet particular needs. With the help of adapting this
leadership leader save the time while wasting on non essential things. Situational leadership
centring on short term goals because it is easy to achieve in short time period. (Sosik and Jung,
2018) On the other hand, it only focus on current requirement, and need at moment do not look
towards long term needs of staff.
Contingency leadership or approach is dynamic in nature, so leader can change it
according to particular situations, it permit them to change current policies accordant to
condition. But it is complex to, suggestions of this style is quite simple but when leader apply it
practically it become more complex.
System approach helps to increase company adaptability to environmental modification,
the decision take by leader with this approach is made keeping in mind of internal and external
environment. On the other side, it cannot be able to recognize differences in systems and also not
be able to applied to practical issues.
Different approaches and theories of leadership-
Participative theory is one of the another leadership theories can used by leader or
manager in TESCO when they manage the above situation. It suggest that ideal style of
leadership is one that takes place of others into account. Whereas, situational leadership is best
and better than the others, because it give the great solution after analysing the situation.
Just in time inventory system is one of the best management strategy that allow TESCO
manager to supply products effectively and it aligns raw materials orders from distributors
directly with production department.
TASK 2
Various approaches to operations management and role that manager and leaders play
Operation management is governance of business practices to create great level of
efficiency possible within TESCO. It includes apply assets from materials, workers, technology

and essential equipment. OM handles and effectively managed different types of strategic
problems, including determining scope and size of manufacturing systems and operation
management methods. It implement structure of information technology networks that is
beneficial for business. Critical function of this management is relate to the inventory
management through supply chain. Operations manager of supermarket understand global and
local trends within marketplace that impact on its business.
In order to manage operations in company, TQM is one of the best approach that helps to
managed every operations effectively (Dametew, Kitaw and Ebinger, 2017). It define the
management approach used by manager or leader to gain longer term success through consumer
satisfaction. According to this methods, employees participate in improving production
procedures, quality of services and products, as well as culture in which they work for so long.
Manager play essential role within it, they determine the quality of services provide to
consumers. They wants to deliver the best products and focus on improving skill of applicants
because without effective labour they cannot be able to manage operations effectively. Leaders
motivate their team to take participation in performing towards achieving common goals which
is beneficial for business and its staff.
Kaizen is another approach of operations management, also used by leader or manager in
TESCO company to improve the quality of work. It helps constantly improvement introducing
small incremental changes in workplace required to gain better outcomes. It assumes that staff is
the best people to determine room for development and improvement when they see procedure
inn action all time (Paraschivescu and COTÎRLEȚ, 2015). Manager role in this approach is to
identify the needs for performing well, they consider continual changes in technology and
production methods that has to implement in company for delivering quality work.
Regarding operation management, manager function is to coordinate with team member
and chose the best and most appropriate procedure of production for producing services and
products for clients of organization that wants to satisfy needs and demand of people. The role of
manager in context of operations management is to measure the overall operation in retail stores
where they get information about operational efficiencies and working abilities of workers.
Leader guide staff how to perform and behave in workplace and guide them how to work in team
of people for betterment. For managing competitive situations TESCO manager keeps sufficient
stock of raw materials.

Production planning, quality control and production control is the basic functions of
managers in operations management which they effectively and systematically.
Role of manager in store is very important as they organize and control each activity
effectively, along with this leader within store direct their team how to work effectively.
Significant and value of operations management
Operations management is essential in TESCO business operations as it forms heart of
company by controlling operation system in effective manner. It deals with improvement and
design of systems that helps to deliver and creates firm primary services and products. Like
finance and marketing, OM is functional area of business with clear management
accountabilities complete by store manager in TESCO supermarket. In store manager is
accountable for managing procedure of production department as it help to manage operation
and minimize causes of operational failure. Operations management contributes in company to
achieve their main objective and goals of increasing their shareholders and making profit through
their activities. Quality management is significant to have effective OM, mainly when TESCO
manager wants continuous improvement and development in order to go with people preferences
and taste. In operation management, store manager prepare plan to provide cater better services
within clear picture of quality. It performs the transformational role in company procedure of
transforming inputs such as raw materials into finished products. Operation management is
valuable for company as it help to improve the productivity and performance of workers of
TESCO rather than before. It reduce unnecessary elements in products which consume a lot of
time and money that impact on profitability of organization. Store manager with the help of
operations management, determine the most essential things of business that helps to improve the
good will of company, they identifies important activities give priority to them. It refer to the
culmination and coordination of primary business undertaking that outcome in achieving
organizational objectives and goals. The operations management is valuable in context of
business as it manage the day to day activities seamlessly. With the help of this, manager is able
to make good used for their assets such as labour, money, raw materials and other resources
appropriately. It transform inputs into outputs in simple words, which provide added value to
consumers. TESCO and other companies in retail sector strive to increased quality of its
transformation procedure to meet clients needs. Inventory control is the most difficult system in
company which is managed and controlled with the help of operations management that means

OM is very important for TESCO supermarket in UK. It helps through overseeing entire
inventory system effectively, manager is accountable for determining the efficiency of inventory
management and also responsible for managing it in systematic manner. Operations management
is also important in business because they wants to motivate workers who are able to achieve
business goals and contribute to react at target markets.
Factors that impact on store operations management and decision making by manager and
leaders
Shortage of raw material-
Raw material is resources used by supermarket to produce their products and finished it
effectively. Shortage of raw materials is one of the internal factor that impact on decision making
procedure of leader and manager as well as negatively affects operations management in TESCO
for longer period of time . Due to shortage, workers cannot be able to fulfil the needs of
consumers, manager take decision and plan for getting all the essential resources. Leader guide
workers how to used it carefully without wasting on unnecessary things. Manager conduct
workplace research, arrange all the things according to demand. Manager and leader both need to
deal with this situation effectively and coordinate with each other for finding better solutions.
Lack of technical training-
It is the procedure of helping workers improve their particular abilities that they use on
job. In supermarket of TESCO, there are many people how cannot be able to work with new
technologies as well as existing ones. In production process technology play vital role, without
technical skills people will not be able to perform effectively which impact on operations
management and decrease productivity (Netland, 2016). To handle this situation, manager point
out the number of untrained applicants and make plan for them regrading training session.
Leader provide training and development session because they are accountable to improving
workers performances.
Lack of planning and scheduling-
Scheduling and planning before producing new products is quite essential as it helps to
managed operations. Lack of planning & scheduling impact on operations management, in which
they cannot be able to complete task on time and delivered products to consumers. It also impact
on decision making activity of leader and manager. Without planning leader do not provide
training and make plan for same. On the other hand, manager is also not been capable to arrange