Validity of Texas Legislature within the Political System Framework

This essay provides an in-depth analysis of the validity of the Texas Legislature within the state's political system. It begins with an introduction to the legislature's dominant role and its powers as defined by the Texas and U.S. Constitutions. The discussion covers the legislature's law-making powers, non-legislative functions, and historical political dynamics, including the shift between Democratic and Republican dominance, the rise and fall of third parties, and the evolution of legislative procedures. The essay also examines the impact of key court cases, such as Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims, on redistricting and representation. It highlights the legislature's oversight of administrative agencies, the implementation of the Texas Sunset Act, and the changing political landscape, particularly the influence of conservative Republicans. The essay concludes by summarizing the transformations in legislative structure and procedures over time.

RUNNING HEAD: VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM
Validity of Texas Legislature in Political System
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Author Note

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM
Introduction:
The legislature of Texas is found to be a dominant branch of the state government within
the constitutional framework of the state of power separation. According to the tenth amendment
of the constitution of the United States, according to the legislature, as the representative of the
individual of Texas is found to be exercising the power those are found to be plenary and is
limited only by Texas along with the constitution of the United States and also several valid
federal laws. It is known that the legislature can exercise the inherent power of the state police
perceive guarding in promoting the public safety, welfare, morale and health by the judicial
interpretation of 19 century that is superior to the local government which are regarded as the
creature of the state.
Discussion:
The constitution of statehood in the law-making power or the legislature and also with few hours
those are considered as non-legislative such as removing executive, impeaching, and judicial
officer, election of the governor and to take decision regarding the certain elections those are
contested in the event of tie, approval of the gubernatorial appointment and proposing the
amendment those are constitutional. The charter of 1845 is one of the five Texas constitutions of
the state for assigning the legislature for the appointment of the comptroller of the accounts of
the public that, the treasurer and the district attorney’s but it has been altered by the ratified
amendment in the year of 1850. Several essential rules and procedure of the legislation that is
endured in the present were incorporated (Waldron, Jeremy). Those are the definition of a
quorum, open sessions, Dinesh city of the bill that provide three readings and also specifying the
enacting clause of a bill without which it cannot be considered as law.

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM
It has been found that the legislature is dominated politically by the democrats. Still, from the
year 1876 up to 10-century turn, the republicans are elected regularly but the number declined as
the century wore on and it has been observed that the third parties are also winning the seat. The
elected member of the populist is found to be elected to five legislature from the year 1893 to
1901 (Von Vacano, Diego). They reached their peak in the year of 1895 with more than 20 seats.
The party named as greenback party was found to be successful in the year 1879 and 1881 as
they won 10 seats and three seats consecutively. At the beginning of the new century, it has been
found that the democrats have monopolized the legislature virtually. From the year 1901 to 1930
the republicans that also includes the independent republicans holding not more than one Senate
along with two house seat in only one legislature. Here, the exception is the one populist in the
year 1901, where there is no representation of third parties. It has been found that the democratic
are in the situation of dominance as they were divided into several factions on different issues as
it happens in the common one-party state.
The significant of the division that is being developed in the 20th century is found to be between
the progressive and most of them have been observed to be in favour of the provision. It is the
highly volatile issue in the politics of Texas and also the conservatives opposing the prohibition.
With some progressive support, the legislature approves resolution in the year 1917 and also in
the year 1919 tour place where the convention call of the constitution on the ballot but primary
teeth was voted by the governor and in the second place, it is defeated at the polls. It has been
seen that the legislature consists of predominant Anglo males from the year 1876 to 1930. There
are few Africans Americans those were elected, all of them are found to be running as
republicans from the year 1876 to 1897 but no one was elected in the 20th century until 1960.
There were few Mexican Americans those were the legislators from the year 1876 to 1883

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM
(Frederick, Angela). The first woman was elected in the house in the year 1922 but she served
only one term. Later on, Margie E Neal won a seat of Senate in the year 1927 and also in 1929
but joined as the true representative women.
In the year 1960, it was a time when the movement of the nation to reform state legislature was
under the process is marked as a turning point for the development of contemporary legislature
of Texas. The famously known group of reform was the citizen conference on the legislature of
the state that is organised in the year 1965 at Kansas City. This study is known as the Pioneer
study of every 50 legislature state which is popular lies in the sometimes government that is
published in the year 1971 and is widely distributed in the Texas capitol as there was the
relatively low ranking of the group of the legislature of Texas. The case study of Baker v Carr in
the year of 1962 and also the case study of Reynolds v Sims in the year of 1964 can be taken into
consideration for supporting the above statements. Litigation of the federal court in Texas is
started in the year 1965 with the study of Kilgarlin v Martin which is found to be a three-judge
federal district court that is ordered the legislature of Texas for redrawing the district to conform
to the latest one person, the rule of one vote one person. It's specifically declared as the UN in
the foreseeable constitutional provision of Texas that limits the country only one senator and the
number of a representative of the largest country without regard in the context of equality of
representation and also the district that is considered as flotorial. The Suburban and the urban
areas have received the benefit from the newly formed district by an increment in representation.
In the year of 1970, it has been observed that the legislature has engaged in aggressive exercising
of the legislative oversight of the agencies of the administration which is continued in the
following decades (Hotez, Peter J). BT convention of the year 1974 the review of the sunset was
adopted in 1977 with the enactment of the act Texas Sunset which was found to be one of the

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM
first in that particular nation. It is necessary for a review that should be periodic of the agencies
of the state by the sunset advisory review commission agency of legislative if it is not renewed
legally the agencies will be abolished.
Conclusion:
After several years of pushing the right of immigration and social issue, it is found that the
republicans of Texas have shifted the tone during the legislation that was current in the session.
There is a presence of a huge number of republicans those contributed conservatism influence in
the legislation and also to the legislature. It remains in the observation that the changes in the
procedure and structure of the legislation such as political party organisation in the context of the
legislature, annual session, time limit and the increment of the salaries under the democratic
majorities and republicans.

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM
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Accounts of Political Women in Texas." Qualitative sociology 37.3 (2014): 301-321.
Hotez, Peter J. "Texas and its measles epidemics." PLoS medicine 13.10 (2016): e1002153.
Maramba, Dina C., V. Thandi Sulè, and Rachelle Winkle-Wagner. "What discourse on the Texas
Top Ten Percent Plan says about accountability for diversity." The Journal of Higher
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Von Vacano, Diego. "The scope of comparative political theory." Annual Review of Political
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Waldo, Dwight. The administrative state: A study of the political theory of American public
administration. Routledge, 2017.
Waldron, Jeremy. Political political theory. Harvard University Press, 2016.
Winkle-Wagner, Rachelle, V. Thandi Sulè, and Dina C. Maramba. "When race disappears:
College admissions policy discourse in the state of Texas." Educational Policy 28.4 (2014): 516-
546.

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM

VALIDITY OF TEXAS LEGISLATURE IN POLTICAL SYSTEM