Applying Theories and Models in Teaching, Learning, and Assessment

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of teaching and learning processes, emphasizing the importance of effective communication and assessment strategies in academic settings. It explores various theories, models, and principles of communication, including Berne's transactional analysis and Piaget's theory of cognitive development, highlighting the role of language and clear communication in fostering a positive learning environment. The report also delves into different assessment methods, such as formative, diagnostic, and formal assessments, and discusses models like the Medal and Mission theory for providing constructive feedback. Furthermore, it examines curriculum development models, including the product model, process model, thematic model, and spiral model, illustrating how these models can be applied in educational specialisms to ensure standardization and effective learning outcomes. The report concludes by emphasizing the practical application of these theories and models in enhancing teaching practices and student learning experiences, with references to relevant books and journals.

UNIT 21

INTRODUCTION
 Teaching and learning is one of the most
common term but most important one in
academic session, this simply means providing
effective teaching to learner to meet their needs.
 Teaching and learner is crucial for both, learner
as well as teacher, as this allow them to become
stable in career process.
 Teacher can use theories, principles and models
of education and training becoming effective in
their academic session.

2.1 Analyse theories, principles and models
of communication
 Communication is one of the most important thing in
teaching and learning process, this simply means teacher
try to provide effective communication with learner and
allow them to become clear about topic which is been
discussed in the classrooms.
 Berne transactional analysis: Berne transactional
analysis is effective communication theory that highlight
pattern of communication, verbal communication is
consider as most effective because it is done face to face
and allow person to express their emotion.

Piaget's theory of development
 Jean Piaget highlighted importance of language in effective
communication, teacher adopt this theory to understand stages
of cognitive development of learner.
 In teaching and learning process, teacher often focus on notion
of assimilation and accommodation to make teaching more.
 It is very clear that language play vital role, learner often use
both, assimilation and accommodation to learn something.
 There are two elements of Piaget theory which an teacher need
to consider while addressing learner, these are:

FOUR STAGES OF PIAGET
 This theory highlight that, the intelligence takes place in the mind of the
person when they got engage in intelligence activities in the flexible
environment, all the study stages that were made by Piaget were named as the
name of biologist and psychologists the stages of Piaget communication
development are as follows-
 Sensorimotor stage: This includes the learning through trial and errors,
although this stage says that the students of the college are only aware of what
they are watching or what is in front of them, but they don't know how to react
to it.

Principles of communication:
 Communication is process of exchanging
feeling and emotion, in teaching and learning
process, communication need to follow
principles which highlight important element to
make conversation more effective.
 Teacher often try to adopt principles of
communication to create better learning
environment for learner and to help them in
resolving issue they face, there are certain
principles of communication, these are:

Continue…
 Conciseness: conciseness means short and simply, teacher need to avoid wordy
expression while communicating with learner as this will allow them understand
conversation is one go without any confusion.
 Courtesy: courtesy is quality of conversation between teacher and learner, this simply
means teacher need to be sincere while communicating with learner and need to use
those expression that maintain fair process.
 Concreteness: every message should be concretes which means using those facts and
figure that provide exact details, teacher's communication need to be concrete to fulfil
need of learner.

2.2 Explaining ways in which theories, principles and
model of communication can be applied in teaching and
learning process:
 In teaching and learning process, communication become essential.
 In teaching and learning process, theories, principles and model of
communication play vital role, teacher need to consider theories which can
provide valuable teaching with the help of theories, these are:
 Berne transactional analysis: Berne transactional analysis is one of the most
effective theory that highlight process of adult to adult communication or
creating healthy relationship with other.

Case study group communication:
 Communication become challenging in certain situation, I have faced those
situations where my communication skills is been tested.
 For example; while addressing my class, there are wide number of diverse
culture who have different belief and way of learning.
 To overcome such issue, I have used Berne transactional analysis which
helped me to use different ego state and provide effective communication to
learner which allowed me to provide effective teaching.

3.1 Theories, principles and models of
assessment
 Assessment is the approach of collecting and discussing the
data or information from the multiple sources as to create
the understanding about what learners wants to know,
understand as a part of their educational experiences.
 Formal assessment define as the grading system which is
used to track the knowledge of learner.
 Formative assessment: It is refer to the range of
approached which is performed by the instructor to organise
in process evaluation of the learner’s comprehension their
progress during the unit or course.

CONTINUE…
 Diagnostic assessment: This assessment generally
informs both student and tutor about their current
capabilities and their requirement for future.
 Formal assessment: They are the organised and
systematic data based tests which are used to tracks the
student performance as how well they have learned.
 Informal assessment: These are the spontaneous
assessment which can be easily used in day to day
classroom pursuit, they are the performance driven
assessment.

CONTINUE…
 Three examples of assessment for improving learning are as follows:
 Standardised tests:
 These tests helps in identifying the areas as to analyse the strong and weak areas of the
learner so that learning plan can be made for improvements.