Analysis of Education Theories, Principles, and Models: Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of various theories, principles, and models in education. It begins by exploring different learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, social constructivism, and connectivism, and how these can be applied in teaching, learning, and assessment. The report then delves into models of learning preferences like VAK and Honey and Mumford's, emphasizing their role in inclusive teaching practices. Furthermore, it examines communication models, including aggressive, assertive, and passive styles, and their application in educational settings, along with theories like social exchange and social learning theories. The report also covers theories and models of assessment and curriculum development, and concludes with an analysis of reflection and evaluation models for reviewing teaching practices. The content provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts relevant to educational practices.

Theories principles and
models in education

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1Analyse theories, principles and models of learning.............................................................1
1.2Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of learning can be applied to
teaching learning and assessment ...............................................................................................2
1.3Analyse models of learning preferences................................................................................3
1.4Explain how identifying and taking into account of learners’ individual learning
preferences enables inclusive teaching, learning and assessment...............................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1Analyse theories, principles and models of communication.................................................4
2.2Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of communication can be applied to
communication in teaching, learning and assessment.................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1Analyse theories, principles and models of assessment ........................................................5
3.2Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of assessment can be applied in
assessing education and learning...............................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
4.1Analyse theories and models of curriculum development....................................................6
4.2Explain ways in which theories and models of development curriculum can be applied in
developing curricula in own area of specialism..........................................................................6
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................6
5.1Analyse theories and models of reflection and evaluation....................................................6

5.2Explain ways in which theories and models of reflection and evaluation can be applied to
reviewing own practice. .............................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Teaching is refers to the engagement with the learner through which they become capable
to understand and application of different knowledge, concepts and process. Moreover, learning
is define as the process of acquiring or getting new understanding of knowledge, behaviours,
skills, values , attitudes and preference. Teaching and learning is describe as the process which
has been associated with the various variables. With this, these variables has been in interact as
work of learners which is undertaken to accomplishment of goals that are incorporated with new
knowledge, behaviours and skills that add value to the individual's learning experience. Teaching
is refers to the act, practices or profession of teachers which is prominent procedure of shaping
one's action which drives new behaviour and capacity of individual. Teaching can be developed
with the usage of several methods which is based on nature of subject and customised as per the
nature of students. In addition this, learning is also define as the deeper concept then
memorization and recall of information, as deep and long learning is associated with the
understanding and creation of connection with prior and new knowledge along with this also
provides ability to convert knowledge into new and different context. This report is based on the
models, principles and theories of learning and teaching in education along with this it includes
concept of communication, models of assessment, models of curriculum development and
reflection of own practices.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
1.1Analyse theories, principles and models of learning
Theories, principles and models of learning has been play a vital role and are very
important for the various reasons in daily practices of education and training of a teacher. There
are various models, principles and theories of learning that have been discussed below:
behaviourism theory: this theory concerned wit the teacher at the centre of the learning process
rather then student. The most important practices in this theory is develop detailed guidelines for
students so that they can gain positive experiences and practices which reshaping the current
information and this is created by the teachers. For this, teachers are prefer to formulate games
and quizzes on certain or specified information along with the rewards so that sense of
achievement can be induced that provides support stimulate the learning experience.
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cognitivism theory: this theory has been stated that students should learn through the metal
process of knowledge. This theory has been associated with the creation of strategy in order to
keep students focus and an alert mental state so that students can keep their attention on highest
level with support of effective tools such as mind mapping, visual aids, presentation etc. with
support of this strategy students are just not the receiver but a active part of an knowledge proces
through which they have been induced balance between personal thoughts and metal levels of
understanding about the existing information.
social constructivism: this theory of learning been suggested that learning can be accelerated as
active process through self lead and socializing. In which leaning is the not the obedient elements
of teaching environment but this is a active facilitators which has been connected to process of
learning with support of group and discussion.
Connectivism: this is a recent theory which comes with digital age, this has been suggested that
learners are connected to each other with support of technology development and environment to
support each other in the process of learning. Such connection between learners has been
develop collaboration with that better creativity and decision making get induced.
1.2Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of learning can be applied to teaching
learning and assessment
As the above discussion of models, principles and theories, behaviourism theory in teaching can
be used for rewards and punishments, in which this is measured as this is not a effective way iun
contemporary practices as because the lectures are not structured properly and students are not
responsible but the teachers are responsible for learning. In which this impact the leaning adn
education of individuals as its depend on them that how much they need to learn and gain
knowledge. Moreover, cognitivism is the model which can be used in classroom in which this
model is utilised for encouraging curiosity and texting hypothesis in order to inquiring oriented
project. Along with this, teacher with past experience can develop a scenario or environment for
the students in which they feel familiar and comfortable.
social learning has been developed on the assumption that the classroom cab be utilised for
social construction where students are encouraged to work in collaboration so that creativity and
decision making can be enhanced through effective work. Alnong with this, it is also used to
form of journaling and empirical activities that provides support into develop supportive and
corporative learning. Furthermore, multiple intelligence theory is also a another effectuve theory
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that can be used in the classroom, as this has been associated with the difference types of
learning styles and take students in the centre of learning system through self directing learnings.
1.3Analyse models of learning preferences
Models of learning preference are the theory which is based on NLP settings, in which it
states that there are different styles of learning which includes visual, auditorily, kinesthetic etc.
this is not generally for one person but the combination of different kind of supervision. Some of
the models of learning has discussed below:
VAK model ( visual-auditory-kinesthetic): this is refers to the model in which is one of the most
common and widely used categorizations of learning style. This has been associated with the
simplest way to explain learnings styles. In this some learners prefer to learn by seeing, or they
have understand through visual aids such as diagrams, pictures etc. moreover, under the category
of auditory, learners has been learn the things through listening such as lectures, discussion etc.
and under the category of kinesthetic, learners are prefer to learn taking experiences such as
moving, touching or by doing something.
Honey and Mumford's model: this learning model is based on the two dimension that how an
individual perceive information and process information in order to obtain understanding and
knowledge. This has been defined by four different learning styles.
Activist: these are the learners which have been challenges that are come from new activities and
experiences, they are more excited towards taking new experiences, they have been consist of the
good problem solving skills and enjoy small groups.
Reflector: they been learn by watching, thinking about they have observe for the better
understanding and for gaining knowledge. They cautions people and start observing and
investigation before trusting them or commitment along with this also analyse before taking nay
decision.
Theorist: this type of learners are complex and logical they have prefer to think step by step as
they tend to analyse and synthesize situation, principles and other process so that better and
relevant outcome can be achieved.
pragmatist: under this category learners enjoy experimenting new things and applying theories in
practices.
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1.4Explain how identifying and taking into account of learners’ individual learning preferences
enables inclusive teaching, learning and assessment
Learning preferences are the essential aspect which have been support in to acknowledge
in the classroom as this has been associated with the different techniques that are combined to
maximize learnings. In order to enhance motivation of students and for effective flow of students
learning preference practices have played a important role. These practices also provides support
into engage students actively and also develop multisensory environment so that students will
understand and remember in effective way. For this multisensory teaching style should be
utilised in teaching of art, students will able to touch the different materials and the visually
supported by showing them. Along with this, in order make more effective learning, it is
necessary for the teacher to take initiative for the taking the preferences in account such as
drawing lecturer can be combine with the classic music or teaching playing instruments can be
combine with the pictures and a good presentation so that it becomes interesting for the students
and motivates to learn more effective way. In addition to this, inclusive learning mode should
also be applied within the learning environment, in which students are will get engaging in the
questions along with this, it also help in to induce better learning environment.
TASK 2
2.1Analyse theories, principles and models of communication
Model of the communication are define as the conceptual models that has been utilised to
explain human communication. In which communication is refers to the process of transferring
informations, idea, suggestion etc. from one part to another. Model of communication can be
classified in three category that are aggressive, assertive and passive behaviours. This has been
discussed below in detail:
aggressive communication: this is refers to the style in which individual express their feelings
and opinions along with this, they have also advocate or ask for their needs in ways which results
in violating the rights others. This type of communication takes place verbally or physically
abusive.
assertive communication: this is define as the communication style in which individual has been
clearly state or define their opinions and feelings along with this ask for their rights without
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violating other rights. This type of individual has been value for themselves, their own time,
emotional, spiritual and physical. Moreover, they advocates for their rights in a strong way while
being respectful for others rights.
passive communication: in this type of style individual have developed or created a pattern
through which they choose to avoid expressing their opinions, feelings, protecting their rights
and identifying their rights.
There are various types of theories for the the communication which has been described
below:
social exchange theory: this is refers to the theory which have been explained about the
social behaviour or interpersonal relationship that is result of exchange process. The main motive
of this theory is to improve all the benefits of an individual through enhancing relationship by
satisfying each others self interest. In which self- interest has not indicate the bad or negative
things rather this is an concept of building relationships and trust. In relation to the leaning and
education, this proceed to make positive relationship so that communication will take place
effectively but this can be done only when individual receive the same in return such as
interaction between students and teachers have to be equal from both the side.
social learning theory: this is refers to the learning process and social behaviour which
has been associated with the development of new behaviour that has been acquire through
observing people. In relation to the education and learning when communication takes between
two students, they tend to learn something new through observing each other on daily basis. In a
institute, there are various type of students in which all are different and want to learn various
things that can be also different as per their preference. This theory applied to every one as
everyone observe each other and learn variety of things.
2.2Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of communication can be applied to
communication in teaching, learning and assessment.
Models of the communication has been applied in the classroom in relation to the
learning styles, as in school or institute there are various students that have been consist of the
different learning styles. Thus, for this it is necessary for the teacher to applied communications
that has been aligned with the individual's learning style. Theories of the communication has
been acknowledge that communication is necessary for the learning, motivation and application
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within the classroom which need to respected by the teachers and students as well. Along with
this, it is necessary for the teacher to maintain a motivation through using ways in which
students understand in a better ways in which verbal ways of the communication is the most
effective, this has been done through words from mouth in passing across ideas or messages. For
the effectiveness, teachers can use video to review sessions within the classroom and in the
businesses meeting among people. Use of motivational languages, which is refers to the uplifting
of words that inform as well as transform that provides support in to making the individual a
better person. This has been also provides support in to the development of learner's
communication skills through training and developments programme. For the effective
application of theories and models of communication, preparing feedbacks on the process and
product also help in to improve the communication skills in learners as feedbacks help in to
determining the areas which are need to be improved for the excellent communication skills.
TASK 3
3.1Analyse theories, principles and models of assessment
Assessment is define as the systematic basis for the creating interference about the learnings and
development of the students. It is prominent procedure which has been undertaken for defining,
selecting, designing, collecting, analysing, interpreting and using information in order to enhance
the learning and development of students. Assessment is about the reflection and dialogue on the
learning process. There are four main models of the assessment which has been discussed below:
observation model: this is refers to the most appropriate method for the practical skills as this has
been done through watching someone in completing a set of task in which thy have demonstrate
their competence through performance. This has been provides support in to get reliable data,
direct practice of an action along with this, it also help in to get immediate results and
appropriate method where team activities are undertaken.
survey model: this is used for the indirect measure and often used to gather information on the
particular topic and further it get evaluated in order to obtain the result. This model has been
strive to collect the information from a sample from the large population in which it has been
selected through random selection of the respondents from the specified sampling frame.
performance task model: it has been define as the learning activity or assessment that is provided
students to perform in order to demonstrate or enhance knowledge, understanding and
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proficiency. Performance that has been given by the students has serve as the evidence of
learning of individual. It used to engage students in the meaningful learning through which their
learning and experiences will be enhanced in a systematic manner.
portfolio model: it is define as one of the several authentic and non-traditional assessment
technique in education system. This is an form of assessment in which students and teachers
together completed the task or project. In which teachers work together in order to provides
support and guide students in planning, execution and evaluation of the contents of the portfolio.
Moreover, together they formulate the overall, objectives and developed a portfolio on the basis
of those objectives.
3.2Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of assessment can be applied in
assessing education and learning
Application of the assessment is necessary for the better learning of the students, there are
various type of assessment which has been applied for the providing and enhancing the
knowledge, learning along with the experience in education. Such as traffic light tool is one of
the important assessment tool in the field of art education. This tool is applied for the colour
coding for the different tasks to be assessed by the students, which is in the form of traffic lights.
Along with this, it is necessary for the student provides feedback at the time when teacher is
giving lecture so that it can be measured the effectiveness of the applied assessment in terms of
the learning that acn contribute in the enhancement of the individual educational experience.
Moreover it also provides support in to the adjusting the behaviour of teacher on students but this
also make the student feel better as their struggle in understanding get acknowledged. In addition
this, teacher also play a role of communicator which would be based on not certain breaks but it
is responsibility of teacher to provides constnt support to students in suitable times so that they
get proper guidance and directions time to time. furthermore the another application of the
assessment is the that teacher should ensures the constant assessment among the students through
which students will learn on constant basis and share output of lecture with other each along with
the feedbacks in the form of positive language. This system of assessment will support the social
exchange theory aspect of learning along with this it would also encouraged the feedback lops on
the ground.
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TASK 4
4.1Analyse theories and models of curriculum development
The curriculum is the essential aspect which is consist of the number of important values
which is provided by the teachers to the students such as aims and objectives. But before this, it
is important to develop a curriculum which has been made while using 4 step that are what is the
educational purpose which need to be attain by the school, educational experiences are likely to
attain the purposes, how these educational experiences are effectively organised and at the it
determine that purposes are obtain or not. In general curriculum development it planning and
implementation are the rules and practices which need to followed in the education so that better
learnings and knowledge can be gained in proper manner. This is also define as the systematic
procedure for providing to students so that they can realize their learning goals. The main
purpose of this curriculum development is to enhancing the skills of the students such as
importance of justice, equality, sharing, trusting, loyalty, honesty and corporation. Along with
this, it has been improved the students in being clear and understandable, being truthful etc. in
the process of curriculum, everyone seeks to improve themselves through learning in order to
attain higher achievements in life along with the self improvements.
4.2Explain ways in which theories and models of development curriculum can be applied in
developing curricula in own area of specialism.
My speciality is improved in curriculum of art education, as it is necessary for teacher to
educate students about creativity and enhance the potential of the individual for aesthetic
thinking and the conscious organisation. Art is important as because this has been nebales an
individual to adjust social relations, better corporations and assistance and to choose appropriate
along with express truth along with this it also provide support in to be more productivity ina
unique way. In today’s life contemporary art education has been become one of the most
important aspect that provides support to students in terms of intellectual, emotional and social
development which is in terms of the capacity along with this, students become enable to
respond to personal request. The curriculum is defined as the process in which courses are design
for the community changes and art is one of them. The purpose of the art is not just aesthetic but
also the educational and this is important concepts which need to be considered in the
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educational context. They has been define the artistic activities and the dimensions of the
creativity and they are intellectual with this, it also provides ability through which an individual
fins own identity in the future to prove themselves. Art in the curriculum includes various field
such as computing, commercial, industry, textiles, automobile industry, social sector care etc.
with the development of curriculum, trainers or teachers has been take the use of several
resources in order offers different interactive learning methods for the student support. With this,
students are more encouraged and motivated to be more curious and aware about the
environment which has been provides support in to develop more flexible and organisational
skill and abilities to feel better.
TASK 5
5.1Analyse theories and models of reflection and evaluation
Evaluation is refers to the making of judgement about number, amount or the value of
something. This one of the important step of the programme development, objective, value that
has to be taken in to the account and will be kept under control, standards and types of
assessment which has been utilised for the data collection tools. Moreover, the main aim of
evaluation is to decided that when a programme is going to be conducted and continue or audited
for the value of programme. This is associated with the analyses of program policies and
utilisation of situation which has been result in most reasonable way which is used to fulfil
academic and technical knowledge. Along with this, it necessary that evaluator should have to be
good mentor and consulted. Individual which has been provides opinion that has a position and
knowledge play role in the process of evaluation. While evaluating it is necessary to learn to
think about positive sides and then formulate the strategies that how it is going to be improved in
more appropriate manner. Outcome from the evaluation is expected to be both positive and
negative and on the basis of development of action plan is induced in order prove the results of
the evaluations. The actual expected target of the utilization oriented plan evaluation has been
describe the usefulness, profitability, feasibility, sensitivity and ethics along with what is right
and what need to be improved. It has been provides support in to encourages different ways of
thinking or broaden the thinking of an individual that how an activity or other lesson can make it
more diffuse. With support this educator is enabling to think about what need to be changed in
order to improve for the better gain of knowledge and learnings.
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Reflection practices are refers to the development of self awareness in relation to the
performance, behavioural changes and enabling growth and development. In these experimental
practices is the theory which is related to the reflective practices. It has been explains that
learning is most effective when people become engaged in the process which is relevant to their
needs and requirements in which they are motivated to collaboratively involved in process. There
are various models that are utilised for the reflective practices such as Gibbs model that has been
associated with the six stages that are: Description: this is for the situation Feelings: it is about the thought of experience Evaluation: it is done on the basis of experience that can be both good and and bad Analysis: in this it makes the sense of the situation Conclusion: this reflects that what an individual learned what has done differently
 Action plan: it is consist of the situation that how an individual deal with the similar
situations in future.
5.2Explain ways in which theories and models of reflection and evaluation can be applied to
reviewing own practice.
Reflection provides support and enables the teacher to mentally process, analyse, and utilise
an experimental knowledge in order to change the outcome in a adequate manner. This has been
realising on the idea which state that teacher and learner learn by the experience and then
processed to formulate the collected information into the meaningful outcome which has been
provides knowledge about the particular aspect. This is also define as the systematic procedure
which has been started and applied with the concrete experience which is the doing part in which
individual have the experience which arise from classroom tuition and being a learner. This is
further associated with the analysis and judgement of the events and discussion about the
leanings. Moreover, it is important to done abstract conceptualisation which means concluding
from the learning experience that is necessary to plan what could be done better next time.
reflection is describe as the centre of ground which has been associated with bringing together
theories and analysis of the past experience so that better planning for the future can be done in
more effective way. For that is necessary for the learner to gain initiated with the active
experiments which makes the basis to the conclusion of last experience.
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CONCLUSION
As per the above analysis its has been concluded that, teaching and learning has been
define as the process which is concerned with the various variables and these variables has been
interact as the learners work that is undertaken to achieve the gaols which are incorporated with
new knowledge, behaviour and skills and this contributes in the person's learning experience.
There are various theories, models and principles for the learning in education and training and
education that help in to improving in a appropriate manner. Communication is used for the
transfer of knowledge, learning, information etc. that has been used with theories and
applications along with assessment, curriculum development, reflection and evaluation also
define through several theories and models and these are play a vital role in the enhancement of
individual learning experience.
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