Research Project: Think-Pair-Share Strategy and Writing Skills

This research project investigates the effectiveness of the Think-Pair-Share strategy in enhancing composition writing skills among Year Six pupils in the Malaysian primary education system. The study explores the background of the problem, which includes low scores in writing and difficulties with grammar and vocabulary. The purpose is to identify effective teaching methods and analyze the challenges faced by students. The research objectives aim to articulate the effects of collaborative learning, identify the Think-Pair-Share strategies, determine pupils' perceptions, assess implementation, and suggest reforms. The literature review discusses collaborative learning, its advantages and disadvantages, and the impact of using songs to teach grammar. The methodology includes the research approach, design, site, participants, data collection, and analysis. The study examines the significance of collaborative learning, the definition of key terms, and the chapter summaries. The report also includes a timeline, data analysis, findings, recommendations, conclusions, personal reflections, and alternative research methods.

RESEARCH PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................................4
1.2 Statement of problem.......................................................................................................5
1.3 Purpose of the study.........................................................................................................5
1.4 Research objective............................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Questions..........................................................................................................6
1.6 Significance of the study..................................................................................................6
1.7 Definition of the terms......................................................................................................6
1.8 Chapter summary..............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................7
2.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................7
2.1 Discussion of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework with narrative writing..........9
2.2 Use of songs to teach grammar......................................................................................11
2.3 Some advantages of using songs in teaching grammar are............................................14
2.4 Chapter summary............................................................................................................14
TIME LINE....................................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................17
3.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................17
3.1 Research approach..........................................................................................................17
3.2 Research design..............................................................................................................18
3.3 Research site...................................................................................................................18
3.4 Participants of the study/ sampling.................................................................................19
3.5 Data collection procedures.............................................................................................19
3.6 Data analysis...................................................................................................................20
3.7 Validity and reliability....................................................................................................21
3.8 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................21
3.9 chapter summary............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...................................................................23

CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION.....................................................32
Recommendation..................................................................................................................32
Conclusion............................................................................................................................32
Personal reflection................................................................................................................33
alternative research method..................................................................................................34
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................35

Research Title: “To articulate the effectiveness of Think-pair-share- strategy in enhancing
composition writing skill among standards of six pupils. A case study on Malaysian primary
education system”.
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
National education in Malaysia has developed a roadmap in order to transform system of
learning and teaching in the primary schools of education. The vision of 2020 has been created
and announced by the government (Lee, Li and Shahrill, 2018). It is the key element of
Multimedia Super Corridor with the objective to improve school administration system in order
to develop information-based society. Researcher has selected topic for identifying the Think-
pair-share strategies which is developed by Malaysian government in order enhance writing skill
among standard six pupils. In this paper, researcher has firstly created aims and objectives in
order to develop a path for reaching efficient study. Further, scholar has prepared the statement
of problem which will helps them to identify the basis of such study.
Moreover, scholar will provide effectiveness of the study by writing the perceptions of
different authors through their written articles and journals. In order to develop efficiency in
study the researcher will go to provide the result with appropriate facts and findings.
1.1 Background of the study
It is true that education in Malaysia is been overseen by its ministry. Education in such
country has been divided into preschool education, primary education, secondary education and
in tertiary education which is further more divided into private and public. Researcher has
selected this topic to discuss because characteristics in Malaysian society, its social and cultural
group existing side by side in order to maintain their culture and tradition (Gok, 2018). It is also
true that learning is a social construct which mean working in groups is by interacting with each
other. Researcher has selected this topic in order to identify collaborative learning which allow
student towards explanations so that their understanding will get developed in order to enhance
theor knowledge.
In this report case study of Malaysian primary education system has been chosen because
in accordance with the global point of view it has been found that Malaysia has not been ranked

highly in terms of education system. Therefore, researcher has selected the title so that proper
issues and new strategies get identified.
1.2 Statement of problem
It has been identified that candidates of UPSR examination of 2016 yet to achieve the
level in order to write the English Language Writing paper. It is also being found that 23% of
candidate in UPSR examination get failed in achieving minimum D grade while writing English
paper. Thus, with this analysis result revealed that candidates majorly lacking in writing accurate
and specific grammar sentences.
Another problem which has been identified is among the six-year pupil in order to
enhance their narrative writing (Fandy, 2019). They are mainly lacking in de-coding given key
notes and to analyse the images with appropriate key notes. Such students are also lacking in
completing the composition writing by formulating stories.
De-coding is the type of issue where children having an ability where by hearing sound
they will able to write language as well. Majorly young year six pupil are struggling while
meeting with the English vocabularies. It is also being found that due to their poor understanding
they are not able to recognise new vocabularies in which key notes are given in order to write a
story. This is the major problem which are associate with the six-year pupil.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to identify the teaching methods which are applied in both
public and private schools of the Malaysia. It is also the purpose of study to analyse the problems
which mainly facing by the six standard pupils where they are not able to write a proper
grammatically sentence with the correct form of English (Rosyana, Afrilianto and Senjayawati,
2018). Researcher has selected the topic in order to improve academic career whereby with this
practises' scholar will able to eliminate the gap in writing literature review. Another purpose of
this study is to help to exist market researcher by providing them efficient work with appropriate
facts and findings.
1.4 Research objective
 To articulate the effects of collaborative learning among Year Six pupils in their narrative
writing skills.

 To identify the term Think-pair-share strategies which enhancing composition writing
skills
 To determine the perceptions of year six pupils towards learning narrative writing with
the use of collaborating learning.
 To assess the feature of collaborative learning can be implemented as educating tool in
order to teach narrative writing.
 To suggest the effective reforms in education sector of Malaysian government.
1.5 Research Questions
 What are the different effects of collaborative learning among year six pupils in their
narrative writing skills?
 What is the term Think-pair-share strategies which is enhancing composition writing
skill?
 What are the perceptions which hold by six-year pupils towards learning narrative writing
with the use of collaborative learning?
 What are some features of collaborative learning which can be implemented as educating
tool to teach narrative writing?
1.6 Significance of the study
The study will be going to discuss the connection of teaching environment between
public and private school in order to identify the gaps which mainly Malaysian students are
struggling in their study. With the proper discussion of similarities and differences appropriate
pattern of the Malaysian learning environment case study has been selected. This is the study
which will support and improve learning of UPSR students (Sumekto, 2018). The strategies and
techniques which are used in this study will help scholar in eliminating the gap of writing the
research paper through which academic career will get improved. Moreover, with the alternative
suggestions and techniques, proper guidelines has been provided to students, teachers,
management of schools and nation so that suitable learning approach will get developed in order
to remove the gap in writing English paper.
1.7 Definition of the terms
Collaborative learning is the situation which en environment where two or more people
come together in order to learn something (Fandy, 2019). People which engaged in collaborative

learning will mainly provide each other resources and skills, evaluate ideas of each other,
monitor works of one another etc. It is mainly based on the model and knowledge which mainly
created within the population by which they will able to share each other experience in order to
enhance particular knowledge of areas.
Think-pair-share is a type of collaborative learning strategy in which students work
together in order to solve particular problems and answer for question. This is the strategy
through which student will able to think individually for solving questions. Through this learning
strategy students will share their ideas with classmates (Think-Pair-Share, 2019). In each word
of think there has been a meaning where T indicates thinking in which teachers ask specific
questions relating to text. P indicates pair in which students will get paired with another students.
S indicate share in which students share their thinking with another partners. These are process
by which individual will able raise its learning.
1.8 Chapter summary
Present report has been developed with the motive of identifying issues of education
system in Malaysia. In this report, Think-pair-share strategy has been explained in order to
analyse strategy of collaborative learning. Proper background and introduction of study is also
being evaluated in this report in order to develop a proper pathway on which researcher will
conduct efficient study. Further, meanings of collaborative learning and think-pair-share
strategies has been evaluated in order to develop better understanding of Malaysian education
system which recently has been developed by the government in order to improve such system.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
Literature review is considered as summary and explanation which are provided in
different journals and articles by different authors. These are the type of thoughts of knowledge
which has been developed on limited topics. These limited sources are found under academic
books and articles. It helps readers to get easy access of study on which research study has been
conducted by them. It is also true that writing is considered as one of the most important means
to develop communication under which humans express their thoughts regarding particular area
of knowledge. In the field of research effective writing considered as one of the most important
and has become an essential tool for the teachers, students and pupil which ensure that they have

required skill in order to be successful in their study. Thus, in the present report different
perceptions of the authors under their own journals and articles will be evaluated.
Theme 1: different effects of collaborative learning among year six pupils in their
narrative writing skills.
Collaborative learning is the process which has been initiated by the government in order
to enhance learning activity of the students. According to the Sung, Chang and Liu (2016)
collaborative learning is an important process in order to understand difficult tasks. This theory
states learning which involve group has always a greater capacity in order increase memory of
working by comparing it with individual learning. It is true that in complex task it is necessary
that individual must have problem solving skill if a person in lacking in this skill then it
generates excessive cognitive load. According to the views of author, learners in collaborative
learning are mainly considered as the information processing system. These are the group which
has limited memory in working because of which collaborative working spaces gets create. Thus,
with the development of collaborative learning learners and teachers will able to put their extra
efforts in order to learn something new. Six-year pupil will able to raise their skill of
composition writing and will also able to learn more effectively by sharing their thoughts of
views with each other.
However, on the critical note Hainey and et.al., (2016) states that individual will not able
to raise their own efforts in order to learn something new because it does not take some
forethought and planning where students are randomly thrown into the groups. This will provide
more negative impact upon students when they are not forced to learn something new into a
group. However, author also stated that more chances of getting fail of students may get
increases it is because mainly it has been found that under the group studies there only few
students who contribute their efforts in order to learn something. It is the situation under learning
ability get develop in only few students and other one remains in same position as they were. It is
also true that collaborative learning been always investigates with the perception of only few
students or teachers because of which obstacles which has been faced by other learners will not
get evaluated.
Significance of collaborative learning:
Collaborative learning is considered as one of the effective approach by which students
gets encourages in order to create groups as well as to work collectively in order to solving a

given problem. This mainly helps in developing skills, to building trust and engage effective
learning as well.
2.1 Discussion of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework with narrative writing
In the views of Crook (2018) there are more different ways which state the structure of
the collaborative learning and its activities. Under this, reciprocal teaching is one of the factor
which is being considered as the interactive process where both teachers and students provides
their contribution in order to learn something new. It is also true that use of collaborative
learning helps in gaining more currency in last few decades because of which it results in getting
the mutual engagement of participants in a more coordinated efforts in order to solve problems
together. This is most effective impact which has been initiated to improve the education system
in Malaysia. It also helps in improving student’s cognitive performances, their social
relationships, and meta-cognition. It also significantly helps in improving performance where
students will able to write the correct form of sentences also with correct form of grammar.
On the contrary it is been shared by Duchesne and McMaugh (2018) that in this process
teacher often faces challenges in order to implementing the structure of the collaborative learning
which include monitoring students behaviour regarding particular task, to manage their group
work time, to assign them individual roles and to develop relevant study material. Through this
learning one of the major demerit is insufficient attention of teachers in order to manage students
work. It is also been found that teachers often place students in certain group and allow them to
work without preparing them for activities conducted in collaborative learning.
Theme 2: Evaluation of the term Think-pair-share
According to the views of Nasir (2018) Think-pair-share is a learning strategy in which
students work together for solving a particular problem or for answering questions which has
been asked during an assignment work. Motive of this strategy is to develop individual thinking
among students so that they will able to work upon skills which needs to improve in their study.
The initiation has been started by Malaysian government so that its education rating gets
increases and year six standard pupils will able to share ideas with classmates in order to
improve their oral communication skill. It is a versatile and simple technique in order to improve
reading comprehension of students. Malaysian government initiated a strategy for increasing
quality of education. It is because students have the less knowledge in English language, infect it
is been found that they are not even achieving passing grade in such paper. They also emphasis

on collaborative learning in order to enhancing quality of teachers through appropriate training
and workshops.
However, on the critical note Gok (2018) argued that the in reality this strategy is mainly
affecting teaching and educational goals where teachers are suffering from obstacles. Many
school teachers are complaining that with the establishment of such strategies they are declining
in getting level of achievement among students. Individuals thinking declining because of
involvement of group communication. It is also been analysed that because of this strategy only
few people are able to learn it is because in group learning teachers will not able to focus on each
and every student. This will result in developing less knowledge among students too.
On the contrary Sudiati, Hanapi and Bugis (2018) argued that think-pair-share strategy in
classroom has provided more beneficial effects. It also helps in decreases time which taken by
students when a question has been asked by them. It is also a useful term for the teachers by
which they will able to evaluate valuable form of formative assessment. This is the strategy
which mainly involve small groups under which students work for common goal which is for
increasing their own learning and understanding.
According to the Khomutova and Kalizhanova (2018) there are five such elements which
defined under this type of learning where first one is termed as positive interdependence. It
means that two main goals will be provided to students which includes learn individually and
make sure that other group members are also able to learn. This only get happen when students
will able to understand their individual success which only get arise when other partners will get
success. Another aspect is regarding the cooperative learning which include face-to face
promotive interaction. Through this process, Malaysian students will able to involve in the
activities like encouraging each other, assisting each other and to challenge each other by which
proper thoughts and discussion will get developed.
Theme 3: perceptions which hold by six-year pupils towards learning narrative
writing with the use of collaborative learning
According to the views of Shpakovskaya (2018) collaborative learning is the most
popular tool which has been found to help students in their learning. Narrative writing is termed
as writing story in order to include specific element where students work together so that their
interest in study did not get affected. Concept of narrative writing mainly defined as composing
of text which also on the basis of certain structure. Whereas collaborative learning mainly

associates with motivation which needs to be there in the students in order to understand
something new. Therefore, in order to analyse the perception which, hold by students are varied
from each other. It helps students inadequately at college level course. Perception will help in
determining motivation of individual which gets influenced because of difficulty in learn
something new. According to the collaborative learning it has been found that if strong
perception is being hold by the individual regarding any belief then it will majorly facilitate their
behaviour where such students or person will have high control over the perception. On the
contrary, it is also been analysed that low perception will only prevent learning activity.
Therefore, perception of the individual will only be influenced by the factors like past
experiences, anticipation of the particular situations and attitude which hold by the person.
However, it is also suggested by Suskie (2018) that principle of compatibility regarding
attitude and behaviour which correlate the expected behaviour and attitude in which prediction
will get developed. In terms of collaborative learning teacher must have provided their active
participation so that students who are making efforts in learn something new will easily able to
develop the understanding effectively. They have to take regular perception from students
regarding activity which will held in the process of collaborative learning. In accordance with
problem which associated with students of Malaysia, it is been found that they are getting poor
achievement in UPSR because mainly they are lacking in writing English language.
According to the views of Pinter (2017) It is also been found that the students which
prefer learning are heavily influenced by their past learning experience. They are mainly getting
failed in the exams of UPSR, they are not even able to write effective composition writing. It is
also been analysed that group of students are less preferring English speaking or writing because
this is the less preferable style. Thus, it indicates that with the preference of this style of learning
teachers can appropriately measures and take initiative to enhance learning of English
knowledge.
2.2 Use of songs to teach grammar
Thus, it can be evaluated that in order to improve the vocabularies among young learners
and to improve their way in teaching grammar, teachers may song practises. It is also true that
learning foreign language will never be easy. It is especially difficult for children. Therefore, in
order to teach them efficiently learners will have to use the role of songs which would be more
entertaining, fun and also memorable. Among children songs have been recognised as fun and

one of most important fact is that this learning process seems to be easier than to speak it. It is
also true that nowadays young generation and children are generally fond of listening music and
the song which they constantly hear will get stuck in their head. Therefore, in order to develop
effective understanding of the learning use of song will effectively help teachers to provide the
deep knowledge of grammar which get stuck in their minds and they will able to improve their
composition writing. Songs helps in learning vocabularies easily with appropriate grammar and
syntax because it is an easy way through which learning will get developed and remembered
where teachers have to create song which is catchy and re-usable. In other words, by hearing
such songs students must get happy.
Theme 4: features of collaborative learning which can be implemented as educating
tool to teach narrative writing.
In the views of Alkhataba, Abdul-Hamid and Ibrahim (2018) it is stated that writing is
considered as one of most effective means of doing communication by which human's express
their thoughts and ideas of others. It is the element which is considered as pride of human mind
and also the greatest production which only human can generate. It is an important stem and also
a primary basis on which communication, history, art and record keeping gets began. For today's
youth and society, this is the element which is extremely important and it is also a fact that
communication transmitted much more through writing rather than media. It is a primary basis
by which an individual work will get judged which makes thinking visible. It develops an ability
by which a person or a student will able to express the way they are thinking for the particular
situation. For children who are starting their studies or have started must have to develop
effective writing skill in order to achieve success in their studies. By analysing the conditions of
the Malaysian students who are not even able to write a proper sentence of English, it is
necessary that teachers will use effective learning style by which students will easily able to
capture and will develop that learning with the long-term perspective.
However, Yusuf, Jusoh and Yusuf (2019) defined narrative writing is the ability of
writing as story for including specific element which work together in order to enhance the
interest and excitement of both reader and writer. This is the ability by which writer will able to
express its feelings in such way that influence reader as if they are creating a story. Narrative
writing is considered as fact which is written by the writer in accordance with the point of view
of people's reaction. It has considerable importance because writing skill has become an essential