Research Project: Think-Pair-Share Strategy and Writing Skills

This research project investigates the effectiveness of the Think-Pair-Share strategy in enhancing composition writing skills among Year Six pupils in the Malaysian primary education system. The study explores the background of the problem, which includes low scores in writing and difficulties with grammar and vocabulary. The purpose is to identify effective teaching methods and analyze the challenges faced by students. The research objectives aim to articulate the effects of collaborative learning, identify the Think-Pair-Share strategies, determine pupils' perceptions, assess implementation, and suggest reforms. The literature review discusses collaborative learning, its advantages and disadvantages, and the impact of using songs to teach grammar. The methodology includes the research approach, design, site, participants, data collection, and analysis. The study examines the significance of collaborative learning, the definition of key terms, and the chapter summaries. The report also includes a timeline, data analysis, findings, recommendations, conclusions, personal reflections, and alternative research methods.

RESEARCH PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................................4
1.2 Statement of problem.......................................................................................................5
1.3 Purpose of the study.........................................................................................................5
1.4 Research objective............................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Questions..........................................................................................................6
1.6 Significance of the study..................................................................................................6
1.7 Definition of the terms......................................................................................................6
1.8 Chapter summary..............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................7
2.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................7
2.1 Discussion of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework with narrative writing..........9
2.2 Use of songs to teach grammar......................................................................................11
2.3 Some advantages of using songs in teaching grammar are............................................14
2.4 Chapter summary............................................................................................................14
TIME LINE....................................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................17
3.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................17
3.1 Research approach..........................................................................................................17
3.2 Research design..............................................................................................................18
3.3 Research site...................................................................................................................18
3.4 Participants of the study/ sampling.................................................................................19
3.5 Data collection procedures.............................................................................................19
3.6 Data analysis...................................................................................................................20
3.7 Validity and reliability....................................................................................................21
3.8 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................21
3.9 chapter summary............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...................................................................23

CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION.....................................................32
Recommendation..................................................................................................................32
Conclusion............................................................................................................................32
Personal reflection................................................................................................................33
alternative research method..................................................................................................34
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................35

Research Title: “To articulate the effectiveness of Think-pair-share- strategy in enhancing
composition writing skill among standards of six pupils. A case study on Malaysian primary
education system”.
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
National education in Malaysia has developed a roadmap in order to transform system of
learning and teaching in the primary schools of education. The vision of 2020 has been created
and announced by the government (Lee, Li and Shahrill, 2018). It is the key element of
Multimedia Super Corridor with the objective to improve school administration system in order
to develop information-based society. Researcher has selected topic for identifying the Think-
pair-share strategies which is developed by Malaysian government in order enhance writing skill
among standard six pupils. In this paper, researcher has firstly created aims and objectives in
order to develop a path for reaching efficient study. Further, scholar has prepared the statement
of problem which will helps them to identify the basis of such study.
Moreover, scholar will provide effectiveness of the study by writing the perceptions of
different authors through their written articles and journals. In order to develop efficiency in
study the researcher will go to provide the result with appropriate facts and findings.
1.1 Background of the study
It is true that education in Malaysia is been overseen by its ministry. Education in such
country has been divided into preschool education, primary education, secondary education and
in tertiary education which is further more divided into private and public. Researcher has
selected this topic to discuss because characteristics in Malaysian society, its social and cultural
group existing side by side in order to maintain their culture and tradition (Gok, 2018). It is also
true that learning is a social construct which mean working in groups is by interacting with each
other. Researcher has selected this topic in order to identify collaborative learning which allow
student towards explanations so that their understanding will get developed in order to enhance
theor knowledge.
In this report case study of Malaysian primary education system has been chosen because
in accordance with the global point of view it has been found that Malaysia has not been ranked

highly in terms of education system. Therefore, researcher has selected the title so that proper
issues and new strategies get identified.
1.2 Statement of problem
It has been identified that candidates of UPSR examination of 2016 yet to achieve the
level in order to write the English Language Writing paper. It is also being found that 23% of
candidate in UPSR examination get failed in achieving minimum D grade while writing English
paper. Thus, with this analysis result revealed that candidates majorly lacking in writing accurate
and specific grammar sentences.
Another problem which has been identified is among the six-year pupil in order to
enhance their narrative writing (Fandy, 2019). They are mainly lacking in de-coding given key
notes and to analyse the images with appropriate key notes. Such students are also lacking in
completing the composition writing by formulating stories.
De-coding is the type of issue where children having an ability where by hearing sound
they will able to write language as well. Majorly young year six pupil are struggling while
meeting with the English vocabularies. It is also being found that due to their poor understanding
they are not able to recognise new vocabularies in which key notes are given in order to write a
story. This is the major problem which are associate with the six-year pupil.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to identify the teaching methods which are applied in both
public and private schools of the Malaysia. It is also the purpose of study to analyse the problems
which mainly facing by the six standard pupils where they are not able to write a proper
grammatically sentence with the correct form of English (Rosyana, Afrilianto and Senjayawati,
2018). Researcher has selected the topic in order to improve academic career whereby with this
practises' scholar will able to eliminate the gap in writing literature review. Another purpose of
this study is to help to exist market researcher by providing them efficient work with appropriate
facts and findings.
1.4 Research objective
 To articulate the effects of collaborative learning among Year Six pupils in their narrative
writing skills.

 To identify the term Think-pair-share strategies which enhancing composition writing
skills
 To determine the perceptions of year six pupils towards learning narrative writing with
the use of collaborating learning.
 To assess the feature of collaborative learning can be implemented as educating tool in
order to teach narrative writing.
 To suggest the effective reforms in education sector of Malaysian government.
1.5 Research Questions
 What are the different effects of collaborative learning among year six pupils in their
narrative writing skills?
 What is the term Think-pair-share strategies which is enhancing composition writing
skill?
 What are the perceptions which hold by six-year pupils towards learning narrative writing
with the use of collaborative learning?
 What are some features of collaborative learning which can be implemented as educating
tool to teach narrative writing?
1.6 Significance of the study
The study will be going to discuss the connection of teaching environment between
public and private school in order to identify the gaps which mainly Malaysian students are
struggling in their study. With the proper discussion of similarities and differences appropriate
pattern of the Malaysian learning environment case study has been selected. This is the study
which will support and improve learning of UPSR students (Sumekto, 2018). The strategies and
techniques which are used in this study will help scholar in eliminating the gap of writing the
research paper through which academic career will get improved. Moreover, with the alternative
suggestions and techniques, proper guidelines has been provided to students, teachers,
management of schools and nation so that suitable learning approach will get developed in order
to remove the gap in writing English paper.
1.7 Definition of the terms
Collaborative learning is the situation which en environment where two or more people
come together in order to learn something (Fandy, 2019). People which engaged in collaborative

learning will mainly provide each other resources and skills, evaluate ideas of each other,
monitor works of one another etc. It is mainly based on the model and knowledge which mainly
created within the population by which they will able to share each other experience in order to
enhance particular knowledge of areas.
Think-pair-share is a type of collaborative learning strategy in which students work
together in order to solve particular problems and answer for question. This is the strategy
through which student will able to think individually for solving questions. Through this learning
strategy students will share their ideas with classmates (Think-Pair-Share, 2019). In each word
of think there has been a meaning where T indicates thinking in which teachers ask specific
questions relating to text. P indicates pair in which students will get paired with another students.
S indicate share in which students share their thinking with another partners. These are process
by which individual will able raise its learning.
1.8 Chapter summary
Present report has been developed with the motive of identifying issues of education
system in Malaysia. In this report, Think-pair-share strategy has been explained in order to
analyse strategy of collaborative learning. Proper background and introduction of study is also
being evaluated in this report in order to develop a proper pathway on which researcher will
conduct efficient study. Further, meanings of collaborative learning and think-pair-share
strategies has been evaluated in order to develop better understanding of Malaysian education
system which recently has been developed by the government in order to improve such system.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
Literature review is considered as summary and explanation which are provided in
different journals and articles by different authors. These are the type of thoughts of knowledge
which has been developed on limited topics. These limited sources are found under academic
books and articles. It helps readers to get easy access of study on which research study has been
conducted by them. It is also true that writing is considered as one of the most important means
to develop communication under which humans express their thoughts regarding particular area
of knowledge. In the field of research effective writing considered as one of the most important
and has become an essential tool for the teachers, students and pupil which ensure that they have

required skill in order to be successful in their study. Thus, in the present report different
perceptions of the authors under their own journals and articles will be evaluated.
Theme 1: different effects of collaborative learning among year six pupils in their
narrative writing skills.
Collaborative learning is the process which has been initiated by the government in order
to enhance learning activity of the students. According to the Sung, Chang and Liu (2016)
collaborative learning is an important process in order to understand difficult tasks. This theory
states learning which involve group has always a greater capacity in order increase memory of
working by comparing it with individual learning. It is true that in complex task it is necessary
that individual must have problem solving skill if a person in lacking in this skill then it
generates excessive cognitive load. According to the views of author, learners in collaborative
learning are mainly considered as the information processing system. These are the group which
has limited memory in working because of which collaborative working spaces gets create. Thus,
with the development of collaborative learning learners and teachers will able to put their extra
efforts in order to learn something new. Six-year pupil will able to raise their skill of
composition writing and will also able to learn more effectively by sharing their thoughts of
views with each other.
However, on the critical note Hainey and et.al., (2016) states that individual will not able
to raise their own efforts in order to learn something new because it does not take some
forethought and planning where students are randomly thrown into the groups. This will provide
more negative impact upon students when they are not forced to learn something new into a
group. However, author also stated that more chances of getting fail of students may get
increases it is because mainly it has been found that under the group studies there only few
students who contribute their efforts in order to learn something. It is the situation under learning
ability get develop in only few students and other one remains in same position as they were. It is
also true that collaborative learning been always investigates with the perception of only few
students or teachers because of which obstacles which has been faced by other learners will not
get evaluated.
Significance of collaborative learning:
Collaborative learning is considered as one of the effective approach by which students
gets encourages in order to create groups as well as to work collectively in order to solving a

given problem. This mainly helps in developing skills, to building trust and engage effective
learning as well.
2.1 Discussion of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework with narrative writing
In the views of Crook (2018) there are more different ways which state the structure of
the collaborative learning and its activities. Under this, reciprocal teaching is one of the factor
which is being considered as the interactive process where both teachers and students provides
their contribution in order to learn something new. It is also true that use of collaborative
learning helps in gaining more currency in last few decades because of which it results in getting
the mutual engagement of participants in a more coordinated efforts in order to solve problems
together. This is most effective impact which has been initiated to improve the education system
in Malaysia. It also helps in improving student’s cognitive performances, their social
relationships, and meta-cognition. It also significantly helps in improving performance where
students will able to write the correct form of sentences also with correct form of grammar.
On the contrary it is been shared by Duchesne and McMaugh (2018) that in this process
teacher often faces challenges in order to implementing the structure of the collaborative learning
which include monitoring students behaviour regarding particular task, to manage their group
work time, to assign them individual roles and to develop relevant study material. Through this
learning one of the major demerit is insufficient attention of teachers in order to manage students
work. It is also been found that teachers often place students in certain group and allow them to
work without preparing them for activities conducted in collaborative learning.
Theme 2: Evaluation of the term Think-pair-share
According to the views of Nasir (2018) Think-pair-share is a learning strategy in which
students work together for solving a particular problem or for answering questions which has
been asked during an assignment work. Motive of this strategy is to develop individual thinking
among students so that they will able to work upon skills which needs to improve in their study.
The initiation has been started by Malaysian government so that its education rating gets
increases and year six standard pupils will able to share ideas with classmates in order to
improve their oral communication skill. It is a versatile and simple technique in order to improve
reading comprehension of students. Malaysian government initiated a strategy for increasing
quality of education. It is because students have the less knowledge in English language, infect it
is been found that they are not even achieving passing grade in such paper. They also emphasis

on collaborative learning in order to enhancing quality of teachers through appropriate training
and workshops.
However, on the critical note Gok (2018) argued that the in reality this strategy is mainly
affecting teaching and educational goals where teachers are suffering from obstacles. Many
school teachers are complaining that with the establishment of such strategies they are declining
in getting level of achievement among students. Individuals thinking declining because of
involvement of group communication. It is also been analysed that because of this strategy only
few people are able to learn it is because in group learning teachers will not able to focus on each
and every student. This will result in developing less knowledge among students too.
On the contrary Sudiati, Hanapi and Bugis (2018) argued that think-pair-share strategy in
classroom has provided more beneficial effects. It also helps in decreases time which taken by
students when a question has been asked by them. It is also a useful term for the teachers by
which they will able to evaluate valuable form of formative assessment. This is the strategy
which mainly involve small groups under which students work for common goal which is for
increasing their own learning and understanding.
According to the Khomutova and Kalizhanova (2018) there are five such elements which
defined under this type of learning where first one is termed as positive interdependence. It
means that two main goals will be provided to students which includes learn individually and
make sure that other group members are also able to learn. This only get happen when students
will able to understand their individual success which only get arise when other partners will get
success. Another aspect is regarding the cooperative learning which include face-to face
promotive interaction. Through this process, Malaysian students will able to involve in the
activities like encouraging each other, assisting each other and to challenge each other by which
proper thoughts and discussion will get developed.
Theme 3: perceptions which hold by six-year pupils towards learning narrative
writing with the use of collaborative learning
According to the views of Shpakovskaya (2018) collaborative learning is the most
popular tool which has been found to help students in their learning. Narrative writing is termed
as writing story in order to include specific element where students work together so that their
interest in study did not get affected. Concept of narrative writing mainly defined as composing
of text which also on the basis of certain structure. Whereas collaborative learning mainly

associates with motivation which needs to be there in the students in order to understand
something new. Therefore, in order to analyse the perception which, hold by students are varied
from each other. It helps students inadequately at college level course. Perception will help in
determining motivation of individual which gets influenced because of difficulty in learn
something new. According to the collaborative learning it has been found that if strong
perception is being hold by the individual regarding any belief then it will majorly facilitate their
behaviour where such students or person will have high control over the perception. On the
contrary, it is also been analysed that low perception will only prevent learning activity.
Therefore, perception of the individual will only be influenced by the factors like past
experiences, anticipation of the particular situations and attitude which hold by the person.
However, it is also suggested by Suskie (2018) that principle of compatibility regarding
attitude and behaviour which correlate the expected behaviour and attitude in which prediction
will get developed. In terms of collaborative learning teacher must have provided their active
participation so that students who are making efforts in learn something new will easily able to
develop the understanding effectively. They have to take regular perception from students
regarding activity which will held in the process of collaborative learning. In accordance with
problem which associated with students of Malaysia, it is been found that they are getting poor
achievement in UPSR because mainly they are lacking in writing English language.
According to the views of Pinter (2017) It is also been found that the students which
prefer learning are heavily influenced by their past learning experience. They are mainly getting
failed in the exams of UPSR, they are not even able to write effective composition writing. It is
also been analysed that group of students are less preferring English speaking or writing because
this is the less preferable style. Thus, it indicates that with the preference of this style of learning
teachers can appropriately measures and take initiative to enhance learning of English
knowledge.
2.2 Use of songs to teach grammar
Thus, it can be evaluated that in order to improve the vocabularies among young learners
and to improve their way in teaching grammar, teachers may song practises. It is also true that
learning foreign language will never be easy. It is especially difficult for children. Therefore, in
order to teach them efficiently learners will have to use the role of songs which would be more
entertaining, fun and also memorable. Among children songs have been recognised as fun and

one of most important fact is that this learning process seems to be easier than to speak it. It is
also true that nowadays young generation and children are generally fond of listening music and
the song which they constantly hear will get stuck in their head. Therefore, in order to develop
effective understanding of the learning use of song will effectively help teachers to provide the
deep knowledge of grammar which get stuck in their minds and they will able to improve their
composition writing. Songs helps in learning vocabularies easily with appropriate grammar and
syntax because it is an easy way through which learning will get developed and remembered
where teachers have to create song which is catchy and re-usable. In other words, by hearing
such songs students must get happy.
Theme 4: features of collaborative learning which can be implemented as educating
tool to teach narrative writing.
In the views of Alkhataba, Abdul-Hamid and Ibrahim (2018) it is stated that writing is
considered as one of most effective means of doing communication by which human's express
their thoughts and ideas of others. It is the element which is considered as pride of human mind
and also the greatest production which only human can generate. It is an important stem and also
a primary basis on which communication, history, art and record keeping gets began. For today's
youth and society, this is the element which is extremely important and it is also a fact that
communication transmitted much more through writing rather than media. It is a primary basis
by which an individual work will get judged which makes thinking visible. It develops an ability
by which a person or a student will able to express the way they are thinking for the particular
situation. For children who are starting their studies or have started must have to develop
effective writing skill in order to achieve success in their studies. By analysing the conditions of
the Malaysian students who are not even able to write a proper sentence of English, it is
necessary that teachers will use effective learning style by which students will easily able to
capture and will develop that learning with the long-term perspective.
However, Yusuf, Jusoh and Yusuf (2019) defined narrative writing is the ability of
writing as story for including specific element which work together in order to enhance the
interest and excitement of both reader and writer. This is the ability by which writer will able to
express its feelings in such way that influence reader as if they are creating a story. Narrative
writing is considered as fact which is written by the writer in accordance with the point of view
of people's reaction. It has considerable importance because writing skill has become an essential

tool for both teacher and educators for ensuring that pupil have that required skill by which they
will able to achieve success in their study. From the point of view of author collaborative writing
assist as initiation which develop critical thinking abilities among students by which they will
able to enhance critical thinking for writing effective composition writing and a sentence of
English with correct grammar. Collaborative learning is mainly associated with the meta
cognition by which pupil will able to explore their thinking in a most planned and appropriate
manner. Most influencing factor which get develop with the collaborative learning is the
motivation which encourages pupil in improving their knowledge in specific areas in which they
are mainly lacking. In order to improve the education of English among students, teachers must
have to use specific reward system and any other technique by which deep learning of the
particular think will get developed.
Features of different collaborative learning formats:
There is numerous way which can be adopted by both teachers and students in order to
learn something new and effective. For example: reciprocal teaching is the format which is
considered as an interactive process where both teacher and student will collaborate with the
motive of joint text construction. In this learning there are also certain specific formats such as
reward system, video enhancing as task structure by which students gets encouraged in
developing the ability with the use of collaboration (Bistaman, Idrus and Rashid, 2018). One of
the feature of collaborative learning is the 'learning together' under which students guide each
other until overall team did not get understand particular material of learning. The other feature
of this learning is called 'Jigsaw' under which students break their study material into a small
segment. This is process whereby all the pupil develop learning of small portions one by one so
that whole study will easily get learn.
Other format of the collaborative learning includes 'student team learning' under which
all the students work in small and mixed ability group in order to assist and prepare each other
for solving any particular quiz or questions so that each and every one will easily develop
understanding of the required knowledge. Last format which are included in collaborative
learning is the 'team assisted individualisation'. This is the process where each student under the
team advances their own pace with the help of other team member. This is the most effective
process under which both self and team study will team study will get developed. Teachers will
also use songs in order to develop knowledge of grammar among students.

2.3 Some advantages of using songs in teaching grammar are
It is a factor which is considered as a source of motivation. In order to maintain interest
of English among six-year pupils, song is the factor which encourages children and capture their
interest in this new learning activity (Wong and et.al., 2018). It is also a fact that song always
contain some authentic and natural language by which students will easily able to capture new
learning ability. It is also found that students are able to enhance variety of new learning with the
use of different songs. It is because songs are usually obtainable and once students capture the
wordings with teacher then they will be able to forgot that activity in near future.
Significance of the collaborative learning
This is the most effective process of learning something which also encouraged students
to create groups as well as to work collaboratively in order to solve problems which are given by
the teachers (Flick, 2018). For example: with the survey in Malaysia it is been found that the
students are not able to achieve effective marks in the exams of UPSR and the result from the
past three years got declining year by year. Therefore, in order to solve such problems,
government and body of education in that country started to initiate the importance of
collaborative writing by which learners will able to develop required skills, learning from the
peers, engaged in enhancing particular knowledge and will able to build trust among each other.
Discussion on theoretical and conceptual framework
In order to develop social skill, it is stated that collaborative learning encourage students
to work together in order to learn something new with the best and effective knowledge. It is also
a fact that this would not be possible without the initiation of the collaborative learning. Children
will able to communicate in order to solve particular problem. Through this activity, for solving
particular problem different types of ideas will get generated by students so that they will able to
reach on common objective and will also able to develop the trust among each other for raising
something new.
2.4 Chapter summary
This is the portion which has been created with the different literature review which is
regarding the effectiveness of collaborative learning among the pupil of six-year students so that
they will able to enhance their narrative writing. In this chapter different perception of the author
regarding effectiveness of collaborative learning has been discussed with appropriate
frameworks and formats in order to explain the significance of the collaborative learning.

TIME LINE
Activities and time scales (15 weeks)
Activities 1
wee
k
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Identifica
tion of
research
topic
Assessme
nt of
research
proposal
Articulati
on of
aims and
objective
Draft of
literature
review
Analysis
of
research
methodol
ogies
Evaluatin
g of data
collection
both

primary
and
secondar
y
Formulati
on of
interview
questions
Inserting
of data's
Applying
thematic
analysis
Observati
on of
interpreta
tion
Discussio
n
Writing
of
conclusio
n
Arrange
ment on
entire file
Waiting
for

feedback
Modificat
ion as per
feedback
received
Final
submissi
on
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
Research methodology is considered as the section for any type of academic research
paper which given an opportunity for convincing readers regarding the contribution and
usefulness of study (Research Methodology, 2019). It is true that an effective researcher
methodology is always based on the methods and techniques which has been selected by the
scholar which is whether it is qualitative or quantitative. In the present report triangulation
methods has been used by the researcher in order to conduct efficient study with the appropriate
qualitative technique.
Triangulation is the method in which more than one method has been used to collect data
for the particular research study. This is the process which assure the validity of the research
through the use of variety of samples as well as data collection.
3.1 Research approach
It is a plan and procedure for conducting effective research study with the appropriate and
detailed methods of data collection, analysis and interpretation. This is the process which
involves several plans and procedures in order to use data by which effective outcomes of the
study will get generated (Research Approach, 2019). Selection of the research method will
mainly depend on the nature of research problem which is being addressed in the study of
scholar. There are generally three types of research approach which include inductive, deductive
and abductive. Deductive approach is generally a method of set of hypotheses which needs to be

confirmed or reject during the process of research study. The process mainly uses the methods
like theory, hypothesis, observations, tests and confirmation or rejection. Whereas abductive is
the process which has been used for explaining any type of incomplete observation, surprising
facts or puzzles which has been analysed at the beginning of research study.
For the present research project, researcher has selected Inductive approach. It is the
method which generally does not involve the formulation of the hypothesis. The process started
with the research questions, aims and objectives which need to be achieved by scholar during
their study. This approach generally uses methods like observations, tests, pattern and theory.
For the present report observation of the 40 pupils has been taken with the class video recordings
in order to analyse student’s way of learning something new.
3.2 Research design
It is a type of plan in order to answer particular research question. Research design is the
set of methods and procedure which is used by researchers in order to collect and analyse
measures and variables which are available for the particular problem of study. It refers to the
overall strategy which has been chosen by the researcher for integrating different types of
components in the study so that it presents in more coherent and logical way (King, Horrocks
and Brooks, 2018). There are generally two methods used in this method which include
qualitative and quantitative technique.
Quantitative technique is the process which is used to quantify the particular problem in
way of gathering particular numerical data which can be transformed into a usable statistic. For
the present report researcher has selected the qualitative technique which is considered as
primary exploratory research. This is the method which has been used for gaining deep
understanding of specified reasons, opinions and motivations. The method generally helps in
developing ideas by which potential qualitative research will get discussed. Further, researcher
has selected semi-structured technique in order to focus on the groups of 20-20 students of the
school through method of interview. In this method generally, sample size is small with selected
respondents.
3.3 Research site
It is generally seen as the physical, social and cultural site by which researcher conduct
its study. Mainly it is the type of qualitative research which used by scholar to focus on the
particular section of groups in research study. It is the process of selecting the place where

research has been taken place (Ledford and Gast, 2018). For insist, common research site
includes universities, hospitals, field research locations and institutions. There are generally two
types of research sites which include clinical and ethnographic.
For the present report, researcher has selected location of national primary school in
Puchong. In this process 40 pupils of whole classrooms with mixed abilities has selected in order
to develop efficient research study.
3.4 Participants of the study/ sampling
One of the important task for conducting efficient research study is to select number of
appropriate participants. It is because whole research study is based on the judgement of the
answer given by respondents of the study. Whole decisions regarding selection of the research
questions, theoretical perspective and evidences are based on the judgement of the participants
(Quinlan and et.al., 2019). For qualitative research sample size is generally not predetermined.
For the present paper, scholar has selected 40 participants of national primary school in
Punchong where experimental group of 20 pupils are generally taught by using 5 adopted
collaborative strategies and controlled groups of 20 pupils will generally be taught with the use
of conventional procedures which has been prescribed in the guidebook of formal teachers. In
this report purposive sampling technique under the method of non-probability method has been
selected in order to analyse and gather information.
3.5 Data collection procedures
Data collection is generally a process of collecting information through useful and
relevant sources for finding solutions and answers for the type of research problem, test of
hypothesis and through evaluation of the outcomes. It plays a very important role for conducting
efficient research study (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2015). It means that this process generally
enables scholar to answer questions which are relevant and to evaluate any outcomes of the
survey. There are two methods of data collection which include primary and secondary data
collection.
Primary data collection methods are generally those which are collected first time and in
order to develop reliability of information (Data Collection Techniques, 2019). They are
generally original in the terms of characters whereas secondary data collection is the type of
method which already has been published in the form of books, newspapers, magazines, online,

journals and on articles. It also plays an important role in terms of developing basis of validity
and reliability.
For the present study researcher has selected both primary and secondary source of data
collection which has been consists of observations, class video recordings, interview of the
students and field notes. 20 students of the participants have been chosen for the process of
interview (Mackey and Gass, 2015). It is an effective and most common data source in the
process of qualitative technique. Another technique is person to person which is also a most
common source in order to conduct group interviews as well as to focus on the groups of the
participants. These are the process which generally incurred with the most highly planned style
and questions gets determined priorly and regarding the open-ended and conversational structure.
Observation is the method which allow study to be developed in most dynamic situation,
frequency counts on the behaviour of the target and to analyse the behaviour of other which
needed in the evaluation of the study. In the present report source of information will be
generated through the recording of class room activities.
Focus group is the method which facilitate group interview with the types of individual
that have something in common. In this process information has been gathered by researcher
with the combined perspectives and opinions. Responses which are gathered with the process
will be further coded into categories and will also analyse thematically.
3.6 Data analysis
It is the systematic process in order to apply statistical and logical technique for
describing and illustrating data which has been gathered by the researcher. It is the process of
inspecting, cleaning, transforming and modelling data with the motive of generating useful
information, for evaluating outcomes in the decision-making process of the research study
(Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). It generally has multiple facts and approaches in order to
get on the particular analysis and evaluation.
For the present report, researcher has selected thematic data analysis where interpretation
has been developed on the questions of the interviews which has been asked with the number of
respondents. This is the most common form of analysis in qualitative technique of research. This
is the process which mostly emphasize on the examination of recording patterns or themes which
has been collected in the form of data. For describing and interpreting facts and findings of study
this is the most important phenomenon. It is the concept which generally support gathered data

with the appropriate grounded theory. The process also includes proper interpretation of each and
every question which has been asked from the respondents. This is the approach which
emphasize on the perceptions, feelings and experience of the participants about a particular
object of the study. Under this analysis making of theme represents level of patterns and
responses which are related to the number of research questions.
3.7 Validity and reliability
During this research work, researcher always taken care regarding present reliability of
work. In order to present reliability of work, scholar has represented specific issues so that
proper and appropriate way will get developed for conducting effective research study
(Litosseliti, 2018). This study has been conducted in more efficient way upon which existing
market researcher will able to relay and will also able to generate the same result with the
appropriate methods and approaches. In this work reliability is always been concern every time
when the single observer is source of data. Proper safety and security has been provided to
observer during process of the research. Fully care has been taken by the researcher in order to
minimise threat in much possible manner.
In order to present validity of the research work, researcher has followed appropriate time
scale so that effective and sufficient time is been provided to each and every stage of the research
work. No copied and bias information is being presented in this paper work and appropriate
methodology has been chosen for taking effective characteristics of the study. Most suitable
sample method are selected in order to develop efficiency in the work. During this process, no
respondent has been pressurised in any way for selecting specific choices of answer. Due and
prior permission has taken from them in order to participant in the process of interview.
3.8 Ethical consideration
During the process of conducting research study due diligence and care has been taken by
the researcher in more appropriate way. In order to address and issue the considerations'
researcher has taken care of all the ethical and suitable guidelines by which information which
will present in report will not be interpreted in wrong way. In order to expand appropriate study,
proper aims and objective is created by the researcher which will mainly help in supporting the
collaborative of the work (Kumar, 2019). Participants in this work are not be harmed in any way
and proper respect of dignity firstly prioritised for them by the scholar during research work. In
order to develop interview process, full consent has been obtained from participants.

Proper privacy of research participant is ensured by the researcher in order to present
adequate level of the confidentiality in research data which has been gathered by the scholar.
Prior approval of the international school is also being taken by the researcher. For presenting
effective and efficient study any type of false information regarding the aims and objective is
been avoided by the scholar.
The type of communication has been developed with proper honesty and transparency.
Proper rights have been provided to respondents regarding withdrawal of their participation at
any stage of the study. Researcher has not used any kind of offensive, discriminatory and other
unacceptable language during the process of observation, interview and on focus group
questions. Throughout the research work highest level of objectivity in discussion and analysis
throughout the work has been maintained with the adherence to data protection act.
Research cost:
In order to conduct efficient research study and to reach at aims and objective of study
proper evaluation of cost is necessary factor which needs to be analysed by the researcher. Thus,
in present paper, total amount of cost which has been bear by researcher is RM 10000 in order to
reach issues which specified in aims and objectives of the study.
Research limitations:
During the process of research study main limitation which faced by scholar is regarding
insufficient availability of the time (Methodology and Limitations, 2019). If more time will be
available, then researcher will also able to use quantitative study so that more accuracy in the
research study will get evaluated. Another limitation is regarding lesser extensive experience in
the field of primary data collection.
3.9-chapter summary
This chapter is dealing with the methodologies regarding development of effective
research study. These are the steps which provides a particular path or way in order to reach each
and every stage of the research study. Brief explanation has been provided on aims and objective
as well as number of participants of paper. Proper description has been provided on age group of
students who are participating with the proper evaluation of methods which has been adopted
regarding the process of research study. Further, discussion is provided on types of sampling
method has been used for gathering and selecting data. In continuation of that brief description
has been provided on data collection procedure where both primary and secondary data

collection technique is used to elaborate outcomes of the desired results. This is section of paper
which include information related to research site, participants, events and instruments which is
used by researcher in order to develop efficient study. Moreover, this section also contains
explanation of the timeline of research, ethical consideration which has been taken in its process
and limitations which has faced during the process of research study.
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
It is a process of summarizing and collecting data for a particular type of research study.
This is the process which involve interpretation of type of data which has been gathered with the
use of appropriate and logical reasoning in order to determine pattern and trend in current market
situation. In this report, semi-structured interview has been conducted with group of 20 students
and 20 teachers who have provided their voluntary participation.
Semi-structured Interview Questionnaire for the students
1. What do you think is a fair score in respect of your
contribution?
 No
 Yes
2. What was the thing that you did best during collaboration?
 Work together
 Development of trust
 Enhancement of learning skills
 Think individually
3. What was the thing that you did least well during collaboration?
 Collaboration of work with another partner
 Gain of confidence
 No such thing is there
4. What was the hardest part in respect of collaborating?
 Difficulty in adjusting with people of different culture
 Conflict in agreeing with each other views
 No such part is there
 Other

5. What was the most significant thing that has been learned by
you?
 Respect everyone
 Trust each other
 Enhancement of learning skills
 Other
Theme 1: Fair score in respect of your contribution
Particulars Findings
Yes 16
No 4
Theme 2: Thing that you did best during collaboration
Particulars Findings
Work together 9
Development of trust 4
Enhancement of learning skills 4
Think individually 3
Theme 3: Thing that you did least well during collaboration
Particulars Findings
Collaboration of work with each other 2
Gaining of confidence 12
No such thing is there 6
Theme 4: The hardest part in respect of collaborating
Particulars Findings
Difficulty in adjusting with people of different
culture
8
Conflict in agreeing with each other views 6
Other 2

No such part is there 4
Theme 5: The most significant thing that has been learned by you
Particulars Findings
Respect everyone 9
Trust each other 4
Enhancement of learning skill 4
other 3
Theme 1: Fair score in respect of your contribution
By analysing the answers of 20 students, it can be interpreted from above graph that
majority of them has the same opinion by saying that it is a fair score which help us in
developing learning skill by working together in order to solve a particular problem or question
of an answer. Reason being is that students have provided effective contribution towards this
process and will get successful in enhancing their thinking ability for solving any type of
problem individually. It is also analysed with this process some students are not in the favour of
giving fair score, it is because they think that with this strategy, they are not able to conduct self
study which leads them in getting backward in their study. One of student have said that the

quality of student explanation between the primary and secondary classroom and their interaction
is often below level because of which it does not enable effective shared knowledge
construction.
Theme 2: Thing that you did best during collaboration
In accordance with the view point of students, it has been analysed from above graph that
the best part which they have done during collaborative activity is to work together and making
friendship with the students of different background. Majority of students have said that it would
not be possible to work together and to build trust without collaborative learning. Mainly 50% of
students said that their learning skill improves by sharing each other perspective. It would not be
possible for come together without trusting each. These activities also help them to learn to trust
each other in order to achieve the goal. It is also analysed that some students did not have
enjoyed activities of collaboration it is because they generally like to work individually for
solving a particular problem or to achieve the goal given by their teacher. Another reason of not
enjoying activities is because of their reserve nature in which they only like to work individually.
Theme 3: Thing that you did least well during collaboration

It is analysed from the above graph that out of 20 students only few among them have
said about the least thing which they done during the activities of collaboration. Thus, it is
analysed that majority of students likes this learning strategies where they have to work together
in order to achieve certain goal. Students replied this answer with a smile and have said that they
have contributed very actively in the process of collaboration and there is no such thing which
they done least. Further, some students are there who have said that the least thing which they
have done during the process of collaboration is to gain confidence. They said that by
participating in certain activities they are now also not able to develop self confidence in their
personality because of which they get successful in learning group work but they did not have
that much confidence to conduct any activity individually in order to solve question.
Theme 4: The hardest part in respect of collaborating

According to answer given by 20 students, it can be analysed from the graph that the
hardest part which they have faced during the process of collaboration is regarding style
differences and difficulty in working with the peoples of different background and culture. A
student has said in her interview process that it is very difficult to adjust with the person who has
completely different culture and background. Sometimes in order to solve particular question
perception will not get matched which create conflict with one another. Another hardest part
which experienced by students is regarding lack of true dialogue for understanding anything. It is
because each one has their own language of speak and they like to learn only in that language
which create hurdle in improving learning skill. However, some students have their different
opinion, they said that during this process of learning they did not feel any type of the hardest
part. Infect, they enjoyed being part of such type of process which helps them to trust each other.
Theme 5: The most significant thing that has been learned by you

Above graph interpreted with the answer of 20 students that the most significant thing
which has been learned by them is to provide an attempt to learn something new and together.
They also have said this is the process which assist of making difficult questions into easier and
it also improves understandability. The thing which they mostly liked is that before the activities
which they did not even want to learn because of difficulty will now easily able to solve and will
also able to achieve good marks in that particular subject. Majority of students have their good
opinion towards this learning process. However, very few among them have said that they did
not like any kind of specific thing during the process of collaboration. It is because they did not
enjoy to work together and to make friendship with the people who are of different background
and culture. The reason behind this is said by one of student where he mentioned that we have
faced difficulty in understanding each other language because of which our learning will get
improved as much as it has to be.
Semi-structured Interview Questionnaire for the teachers
1. What do you think is a fair score in respect of your
contribution?
2. What was the thing that you noticed best during collaboration
activities?
3. What was the thing that you noticed least well during
collaboration?

4. What was the hardest part in respect of collaborating?
5. What was the most significant thing that has been learned by
your students through collaborative learning?
Theme 1: Fair score in respect of your contribution
By asking this question to teachers of the institute it is been analysed that majority of
teacher out of 20 have said that in respect of contribution, this learning strategy has a fair score it
is because it teaches them to work together and to trust each other which is not only good for
their studies but it also helps them throughout their life. One of the teacher have said very nice
line in which he mentioned that this process of learning will also help students to deal with the
problems of life in future as well. Therefore, it is analysed that think-pair-share strategy has a fair
score of contribution in both teachers and students point of view. However, some teachers are
also there who have said that this might be a better learning tool but a student will more able to
develop learning skill if he/she focuses on their study individually because self-study always
proves to be a best.
Theme 2: Thing that you noticed best during collaboration activities
According to the answer of 20 teachers, it is analysed with the answers of teachers that
the best thing which they noticed during the process of collaboration activity is regarding
listening triangles which means that their self-confidence increases where they will able to speak,
question and also able to provide effective notes to students. Teachers also able to draw support
of each other so that proper and delegate task will allocate to students which helps them in
improve their learning skill. Another thing which they have noticed is regarding expanded
teaching tool by which they will more efficiently help students in developing effective learning
skill. However, few teachers have their different perception regarding the thing which they
noticed. According to them their responsibility towards students and way of teaching both get
increases which creates environment which is full of pressure and responsibility. Further, they
also have to work in accordance with the parents of the students if this does not get well then,
they have to face anger of the parents.
Theme 3: Thing that you noticed least well during collaboration
By asking this question, it is analysed that the least thing which noticed by teachers is
regarding the student collaboration easily with the people of different background and culture.

Majority of the teachers out of 20 members of group have said that they were now on the same
page in terms of planning and in delivering instructions. They first have to learn itself regarding
the lesson or topic which they will teach to students which is more time consuming. One of the
teacher on her interview mentioned that if you are in group which is full of dominating and in
between the close-minded people then your ideas will be shut out during the discussion and will
also completely ignored. This is the thing which is the least well during the process of
collaboration. However, few teachers have said that this is not compulsory to analyse the least
well things because at the end this strategy result in creating a student which has full confidence
in order to solve a particular question.
Theme 4: The hardest part in respect of collaborating
Asking this question is very helpful in terms of analysing effects of collaboration
activities in the view of teachers. Thus, with the answer of teachers among the group of 20, it is
analysed that there are two types of problem which faced by the teachers in collaborative
learning process. These includes organisation of collaborative activities and assessment of
learning. According to one of the perception of teacher, he has said in his interview process that,
we often face challenges while structuring the activities of collaborative which generally
includes monitoring of student’s behaviour towards task, managing group time, providing
relevant materials, assigning individual roles and to establish teamwork beliefs and behaviours.
However, few teachers have said that they did not find any hardest thing while managing process
of collaborative learning. According to them this process of learning also improves their way of
thinking as well. They also learn to work together and to trust each other so that students did not
find any difficulties in raising their individual as well as group learning.
Theme 5: The most significant thing that has been learned by your students through
collaborative learning
By asking this question to teachers it is analysed that out of 20, majority of said that the
process of collaborative learning very efficiently help students for improving their learning
skills. In accordance with teachers view they shared that they have seen students who are not
even able to speak and write anything because of their reserve nature and because of lack of
understanding. During the process of this learning strategies they see that there are lot of change
among students. They are now able to trust each other and with one another views they are now
easily able to solve most difficult problems. However, some teachers have different perceptive

regarding the things which learned by students. One of the teacher have said in his interview that
because of collaborative learning, there is a low-quality coordination among primary school
children. It happens when they participated in problem solving tasks. They are also not able to
learn with the views and share of group members and as a teacher we have to convince them for
their involvement in each and every task of the collaborative learning.
CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
Recommendation
With the development of above research study, it can be suggested to Malaysian
education institute that in order to increase the result of UPSR examination they must have to
focus on developing collaborative strategies by which writing skill in English get improved.
 In primary classes try to focus more on English language. However, schools and
education institution are trying but even more efforts are required to teach and popularise
language of English among students. Education institution must have to set up a rule of
teaching English from very young age.
 Further, it is suggested that education institution must have to improve the quality of
teachers which is by providing them adequate training and workshops which are of
knowledge based so that best teaching will be provided to students as well.
 School and education institution both must have to promote extracurricular activities
which encourage students to contribute their participation. This will help school in
developing more open culture and also helps in ensuring physical and mental well-being
of the students.
 Educators of the institution and schools must have to encourage students in developing
critical thinking and to avoid rote-learning activities. This will help students in
developing understandability of particular subject efficiently.
Conclusion
From the above research paper, it is analysed that Malaysian education institution are
trying in developing the best initiation for improving education of their primary students. The
present research paper has been prepared with the division of chapter. In chapter 1, scholar has
provided aims, objectives and research question in order to develop a proper path way of
reaching research study. In such section proper background of the study has been provided with

appropriate problem statement where it has been analysed that Malaysian primary school
students are not able to achieve good result in the paper of English. Therefore, researcher has
selected this study for analysing alternative methods and solution.
Further, in chapter 2 literature review has been presented in this research paper. In this
section of the study researcher has provided different perceptions of the authors which has
written their journal and articles on the same line of study. In this section of work, analysis has
been provided on research questions with the academic reference of books and journals which
are written by other scholars of the same field.
Further, explanation has been provided on chapter 3 which is research methodologies. In
this section of research work different methods of conducting study has been selected that is
qualitative technique. Through this technique, researcher has obtained data through open-ended
and conversational communication. Scholar has presented study with the participants of 40
members in which 20 are of control group and 20 are of experimental group. With the help of
triangulation method two different methods such as questionnaire and interview has been
presented in this report for analysing experience of people towards collaborative learning
process.
Moreover, chapter 4 has been presented with data analysis and findings. This is the stage
at which result that are gathered by researcher has been interpreted with appropriate graphs and
themes so that proper conclusion of the solution will get drawn.
Personal reflection
Collaborative learning is the type of strategy which helps Malaysian education system for
improving the knowledge of English language. In this paper I have started work by stating the
main goal and related objectives so that proper way will get provided to me in conducting my
research work. I have mentioned four target objectives who are dealing with the learning
outcomes. It is because I found this topic very interesting and also, I found advices which is
given by my mentor very helpful in terms of increasing quality of research report. The guidelines
which given by my tutor equipping me with the knowledge so that I will able to improve my
work in conducting similar studies in future too. In order to answer research questions my
research project was directly related to quality of both primary and secondary data. Therefore, I
have effectively presented the issues by critically assessing the validity of sources and with
alternative choice too. With this work I have demonstrated my interpersonal and communication

skills at various stages of developing research report. Without such skills, it will be highly
challenging for me to present effective study. In this work my listening skills have proven to be
highly valuable in which I will able to gather various types of information given by participants.
My writing skill have also been greatly improved with this study which helps me in eliminating
the gap of writing literature review. This overall helps me in improving my academic career in
this field where I will further able to produce report which is more efficient and effective.
Alternative research method
Present study has been conducted with the appropriate qualitative research technique in
which depth research will get developed by using range of techniques, aims and objectives. This
is the type of study which mainly collect information which occurs naturally without setting any
experiments into it. However, other than this method, researcher will also able to use quantitative
research technique under which systematic investigation of gathering data and performing
statistical, mathematical or computational techniques will use. Through this method, more
accurate and reliable information will be given by scholar.
Further, in this paper researcher has selected inductive research approach which is also an
appropriate method which starts with research questions, aims and objectives. Generally, with
this method researcher will follow route like observation, pattern and theory for finding solution
of the study. Other than this, scholar will also able to use deductive method which is a set of
hypotheses which needs to confirmed or reject during the process. Moreover, in order to conduct
efficient study scholar has selected non-probabilistic sampling under which random selection of
participant gets include. However, rather than this researcher will also able to use probabilistic
sampling where each member has equal chance of being selected. This method will help in
developing study in more efficient manner.

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